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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Safety Manual

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1. INTRODUCTION AND POLICY

Introduction Environment Health & Safety is a critical issue which is viewed with a high degree of importance in the School of CEE. It is the aim of the School of CEE to protect and promote the health and safety of all its stakeholders including all staff, students, visitors and contractors. This would allow them to pursue their work and study goals free from preventable accidents and incidents whilst on CEE premises. With this goal in mind, CEE encourages the co-operation of all of its stakeholders to protect their own health and safety and also that of others who may be affected by their activities by adopting the safety precautions and administrative procedures made available by CEE. University Safety Policy Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in recognizing its corporate responsibility commits to take all reasonably, practicable means to provide a safe and healthy environment for all staff, partners, students and visitors. NTU further commits to strive for progress with consideration to environmental sustainability. School Safety Policy

Provide a safe and healthy working environment for all users

Mandatory basic safety training

Provide materials and equipment needed to work safely

Proactive identification and control of hazards

Incident and accident investigation

Compliance to legislations, standards and Workplace Safety and Health management systems/programmes

Communicate and encourage a good safety culture and shared responsibility to health and safety

Regular safety and health program review

Laboratories

Environmental

The two Environment laboratories occupy a total floor area of 1592 square metres: Laboratory I occupies 966 square metres and Laboratory II occupies 626 square metres.

Environment Lab I is equipped with facilities to conduct standard water and wastewater tests as well as specialised investigations. Environment Lab II is a teaching lab for undergraduate as well as graduate laboratory sessions. Undergraduate experiments are conducted for students from First Year Common Engineering and Second Year Civil and Environmental Engineering.

The Environment Laboratory also serves graduate students and academic staff in their research projects. To enable accurate and precise measurements and analysis, these research studies are supported by advanced scientific equipment and facilities available in the laboratory.

Central Environmental Science and Engineering

Central Environmental Science and Engineering Laboratory (CESEL) is one of NTU’s newly set up analytical chemistry laboratories under the management of School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE).


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We have the technical capabilities to provide analytical services university wide from environmental analysis, water chemistry, to hazardous waste classification, industrial hygiene, and trace organics/inorganic analysis. Our staff is determined to assist you in any way possible to meet your research requirements. We aim to support innovative research and provide timely, reliable and quality results. Transport & Geospatial As one of the Laboratory under the Division of Infrastructure Systems & Maritime Studies, Transport & Geospatial Laboratory comprises two main area of: Construction Technology

The Construction Technology Laboratory is located at Basement 5 of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. It consist of a 24m x 24m strong floor, a construction annex which houses a 250 sq. metre strong floor and a material testing room. It is supported by 1 Senior faculty member with years of practical industry experiences and 6 numbers of Laboratory Executives with an average of 20 years’ experience in Laboratory works.

The Laboratory supports the School’s teaching and research needs. It is equipped to conduct a full range of tests on construction materials as well as full scaled building component test. Occupying a space of 60m x 24m floor space with 10m headroom, the laboratory is enhanced with a 10 ton overhead crane for moving and mobilizing large specimens for testing. The main test area occupies a 24m x 24m floor space with a 1.3m thick “strong floor “of cellular construction with a walk-in basement. The working basement facilitates convenient load application and the installation of floor anchors. Loading frames can be easily positioned and erected for testing full-scale structures up to two storey high.

This laboratory consists of three units, namely the Destructive & Non-Destructive testing Unit, the Materials Testing Unit and the Workshop.

Protective Engineering

Established in late 2003, the Protective Engineering Laboratory is located at block N1.1, level B5. The laboratory carries out activities ranging from conducting research projects, teaching laboratory experiments for common engineering subjects, guiding students with final year projects to events such as consultancy projects and forums.

Hydraulics

Hydraulic Laboratory is situated in N1-B5-W301 and has a floor area od 1,680 sq. meters and a hydraulics studio in N1-b3-40 with an area of 74 sq. meters. The laboratory specialized in the study of fluid mechanics. It servers the undergraduates, post graduates, researchers and academic staff. There are 7 flumes ranging from 7 meters to 48 meters which are used for teaching final year projects taken by undergraduates and researchers. ITSC ITSC Lab consists of four teams and their responsibilities are to provide IT related support, up-to-date computers, IT equipment and software to serve the needs of teaching, students' projects, trainings, research and development for the School


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POLICY Occupational Health & Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy


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CEE Safety Chairman Message

Dear fellow colleagues of NTU School of CEE Safety Committee:

It’s my pleasure to know you for the first time who shares common interests in protecting students and staff of our School and seeking solutions to improve School safety.

As a staff of NTU, we should all have the obligation to follow safe working procedures at all times, and to take all reasonable precautions to prevent personal injury or injury to others and damage to workshop, laboratory, and classroom equipment etcetera. To do so, we must constantly engage each other to share ideas, leverage on resources and finding common solutions to address occupational safety and health hazards that concern us all. Even more so, we should always believe that safety enhances training and work effectiveness. We should therefore ensure the safety and health of all NTU CEE students, staff, visitors and members of the public who are, or may be, affected by our activities. At the same time, we shall also meet all statutory requirements relating to health and safety.

Our safety meetings and working together will provide us a valuable opportunity to collaborate, share ideas and together, develop solutions to key occupational safety and health problems. It is my earnest hope that the discussions taking place will further strengthen our partnerships and lead to enhanced safety within our School vicinity.

To do so, I would like to share with you the process for the management of safety and security as shown in the figure attached. It comprised of 4 steps, namely Plan, Preparedness, Response and Review that our Safety Committee should embraced as part of our safety culture.

In short, we should always consider safety first, last and always. Hereby, I look forward to serve as the

Chairperson of the NTU School of CEE Safety Committee with you, filled with teamwork, diligence,

effectiveness and efficiencies.

Thank you. Yours sincerely,

Mr. Tan Kwang Hwee, Victor Senior Assistant Director (Administration)


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2. RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITIES

A safe and healthy environment at NTU is a shared responsibility of all staff, students, partners and visitors to the University. HSE responsibility is a line function and shall be internalized in operation within each college, school and division. Line function begins with managers and supervisors at all levels and progress upwards through the management. School Safety Committee Responsibilities The School Safety Committee has the responsibility to comply with the legislative requirements. This Committee is also responsible to ensure effective implementation across the School and to monitor the School’s performance in Health & Safety and Environment (HSE).

The School Safety Committee will work closely with Office of Health and Safety on specific HSE matters and the development and implementation of the management system. Managerial Responsibilities Chairs, Directors and Heads of Departments who are CEE’s senior management shall provide HSE leadership and uphold CEE’s HSE policy and objectives. They shall ensure that individuals in the schools and departments have well defined duties and responsibilities, accorded the proper authority and resources to implement HSE policy through appropriate operating procedures and programmes in the school and departments. Supervisory Responsibilities Supervisors have the duty and responsibility of ensuring the occupational health and safety of persons under their supervision (staff, students and contractors). They shall ensure that proper risk management is carried out and that practical measures are in place to control the risks. This will include the implementation of HSE policy, objectives, operating procedures, proper maintenance of equipment and facilities, and effective communication (including training and supervision) of all parties. Employee and Student Responsibilities It is the responsibilities of faculty, staff and students to cooperate with CEE management in adhering to HSE instructions (especially in following safe operating procedures and training) for their own safety and health and that of your colleagues or fellow students. Unsafe conditions, equipment and practices should be reported to supervisors for remedial actions.


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3. CEE Safety Training

4.1 What is safety?

Safety means that you are "free‟ from accidents or injuries at the workplace. It is your right to go home safe after work every day. To do this, everyone, including you, must do our part.

It is quite difficult to tell you all the issues to ensure your safety in the short safety induction session. We hope to provide you with some information of the general safety awareness that you need to know for a start. You will, depending on the nature of your job, need more safety training for either specific site safety induction (focusing on department or school rules) or specific job safety to deal with chemical or biological hazards as required by law.

Your Legal Obligation

In Singapore, we are covered by many Acts and Regulations governing workplace safety, occupational health and the environment. The most important is the Workplace Safety and Health Act that is recently expanded on 1 September 2011 to cover all “Persons at work‟ in NTU. You need to understand your legal responsibilities under this Act as well as the possible consequences for not complying with the law and University safety processes.

Why this safety induction is important?

The induction focuses on the overview of our Health & Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy and Procedures. It provides important information that you need to be aware of.

Workplace Safety Responsibility – why this is important to do what is required legally.

Safety responsibilities of various stakeholders (staff, faculty and student) and the need to

do what is reasonably practicable to ensure a safe workplace.

Our workplace Safety and Health Management System @ NTU, safety organizational

structure and hierarchy of documents.

If an emergency happens, what do we need to do? You will need to know the important

telephone numbers and the evacuation procedures. What are the lifesaving skills like

first aid, CPR or use of AED that you should have to save someone next to you, perhaps a

friend?

How do you prevent accident from occurring? You need to identify hazards and remove

them or mitigate the risk that may harm you at the workplace. This is “effective risk

assessment”. Do you know what are hazardous substances or material? What is Personal

Protective Equipment?

Even in office, there will be hazards such as electricity (dos and don’ts), workstation

ergonomics and manual lifting.

What to do in the event if you are required to engage contractors to carry out work in NTU.

We are legally duty bound to ensure our contractors work safely on site.

Finally, if you had an accident or saw something that could be potentially hurt someone, how

do you go about reporting it?


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4.2 Who need to attend Safety Induction Training?

All new employees (including students, visiting experimenters, Facility Users, collaborators, etc.) are required to participate in the Safety Induction Training before being allowed to access the labs to begin their experimental work or use any research equipment.

Administrative staff/ visitors/ collaborators, who do not need to access the labs or use any research equipment or for those who stay more than 5 working days, still must attend safety Induction Training to prepare themselves for emergency/ evacuation procedures.

Please approach your school safety leader or department safety representative to find out next available safety induction training. Alternatively visit school of civil and environmental engineering safety website Click here

CEE Training Matrix Training Matrix refers to a template defining the safety training a person should have in order to acquire the competency so as to accomplish his/her task safely.

Ref : NTU/OHS/SOP/03.2 Date of issue : 18 Sep 2013 Next review date : 17 Sep 2015

Title : Standard Operating Procedure on NTU Workplace Safety and Health Training

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Pages/SafetyTraining.aspx


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CEE Training Matrix (e-learning)

You will need to login to iNTU > edveNTUre and read up on the following topics and attempt

the quizzes (Note: you must reach a minimum score in order to clear the quizzes).

Generic Courses: iNTU > edveNTUre > Community > CEE Workplace Health and Safety

>http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/training/Pages/onlinetraining.aspx

Instructions

Please click for step-by-step instructions

Generic Courses Specific Courses

EdveNTUre Certificate Example

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/training/Pages/onlinetraining.aspx

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/training/Pages/stepbystepinstructions.aspx


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CEE Safety Training Flow Step1: CEE Safety Induction Briefing Click here for Safety Induction Briefing registers. Step2: Log on to Edventure Click here & CEE online Safety Quiz The safety courses provide adequate information and training to ensure the person-at-work perform his work safely. The available courses are: Click here

Step3: Save & print-out result summary (My Grades) and submit to CEE Safety Leader email:

[email protected]

After Safety Induction Briefing


http://edventure.ntu.edu.sg/


mailto:[email protected]


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4. GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY

5.1 Safety Guidelines

No smoking or littering is allowed in the laboratory.

No eating and drinking in the laboratory.

No personal audio player allowed while working in the laboratory.

Staff/students are not allowed to work alone in a laboratory at any time.

The School general operating hours from Monday to Thursday is 8.30 am to 5.45 pm and Friday is 8.30 am to 5.15 pm.

Approval must be obtained from Project Investigator/ Project Supervisor for working after office hours.

Working beyond 10 pm is strictly prohibited unless permission is granted by Chair.

When in doubt, always ask.

Must follow your laboratory/workshop rules and regulations

5.2 Visitor to Laboratories/workshop

All visitors (except consultants, auditors, contractors, maintenance personnel) shall be accompanied at all times and not be allowed to wander around the workplace on their own.

They are reminded to put on suitable personnel protection equipment (PPE) if they need to work inside the laboratory at defined areas.

Do not allow visitors, including children and pets, in laboratories where hazardous substances are stored or are in use or hazardous activities are in progress.

Students from other tertiary Institutes or colleges (as part of educational programs or industrial attachment programs) may enter laboratories occasionally under carefully controlled and supervised conditions.

5.3 Laboratory Door

Fire and building safety codes require that laboratory doors (which are classified as ‘fire doors’) be kept closed / secured at all times. This is done to ensure that tight security is maintained at all times.

Keeping doors closed also help to ensure that ventilation systems work properly (under negative pressure) and maintain contaminant-containing pressure differentials between labs and corridors.

Keeping doors (fire-rated doors for 2.5 hours) closed also help to contain smoke and/ fire in the lab and maintain the smoke-free lobby free from any smoke/ fire.

5.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

(PPE is Mandatory when performing lab work)

Ref : NTU/OHS/SOP/03.2 Date of issue : 19 May 2012 Next review date : 18 May 2014

Title : Standard Operating Procedure on The Use of Personal Protective

For Dry Lab Safety shoes must be worn at all times at the workshop and helmets must be put on during test. For Wet Lab Lab coat, gloves, safety eyewear and other protective equipment must be worn at designated areas in the lab.


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5.5 Disciplinary actions will be taken against violator(s)

First offence, verbal warning and stop them from continue their work, name recorded

Second offence*, stop them from continue working, record their name in the offender list, PI/FIC will be informed.

*Re-take all CEE safety induction courses + lab quiz and Edventure under NTU-OHS or CEE training matrix.

Third offence**, stop them from working in the lab for certain period until permission granted from their project supervisor/PI **Person name be updated in CEE ban list and Publish under CEE safety website **Re-take all CEE safety induction courses + lab quiz and Edventure under NTU-OHS or CEE

training matrix. http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Pages/SafetyTraining.aspx

5.6 Laboratory Attire You are not allowed to wear the following in laboratories/ workshops / offices: Attire: sleeveless T-shirts, singlets, shorts, attire printed with offensive or obscene wordings, revealing attire or mini-skirts. Footwear: slippers and sandals without heel straps.

In addition to the above, you have to adhere to the guidelines issued by your laboratory on the appropriate attire and footwear.

5.7 Personal Hygiene is extremely important to persons working in a laboratory. Contamination of food, beverages, or smoking materials is a potential route of exposure

to toxic chemicals or biological agents through ingestion.

Eating, drinking, smoking gum chewing, applying lip balm or cosmetics handling contact

lenses, pipetting by mouth are prohibited in the work area. Everyone working in or visiting

a laboratory shall follow this familiar elementary safety rule.

Glassware or utensils that have been used for laboratory operations should never be

used to prepare food or beverages.

Laboratory refrigerators, ice chests, and cold rooms should not be used for food storage;

Food, stored in cabinets or refrigerators designated for such use only, must be

prominently labeled. Do not consume ice taken from the lab icemaker.

Hand washing is a primary safeguard against inadvertent exposure to toxic chemicals or

biological agents.

Always wash your hands before leaving the laboratory, even though you use gloves.

Wash your hands after removing soiled protective clothing, before leaving the laboratory,

and before eating, drinking, smoking, or using a rest room.

Wash your hands periodically during the day at intervals dictated by the nature of your

work. Wash with soap and running water, with hands held downward to flush the

contamination off the hands. Turn the tap off with a clean paper towel to prevent

recontamination, and dry your hands with clean towels.



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Confine long hair and loose clothing when in the laboratory to keep them from catching

fire, dipping into chemicals, or becoming entangled in moving machinery.

Avoid wearing finger rings and wristwatches, which may become contaminated, react with

chemicals, or be caught in the moving parts of equipment.

Remove laboratory coats and gloves before you leave the laboratory to prevent spreading

contamination to other areas. the following areas: -

Seminar or Meeting Rooms Common Corridors / Lobby Area

Staff Offices / General Offices Pantries

Restrooms Passenger Lifts

5.8 Skin Protection:

1. Cover unprotected skin whenever possible. Suitable clothing shall be worn in the laboratory;

shorts are not appropriate.

2. Clothing may absorb liquid spills that would otherwise come in contact with your skin. Long sleeves protect arms and shall fit snugly, especially when you are working around machinery.

3. Wool affords more protection from flash burns or corrosive chemicals than cotton or

synthetic fabrics. Synthetic fabrics may increase the severity of injury in case of fire. Cotton is less prone to static electricity buildup than nylon or other synthetics.

4. Wear sturdy shoes (such as substantial leather shoes that cover feet completely) to protect

against chemical splashes or broken glass. Do not wear sandals, cloth sport shoes, perforated shoes, or open-toed shoes.

5. If the laboratory personnel are to clean up a spill from the floor, he/she may need the added

protection of rubber boots or plastic shoe covers.

6. Steel toed shoes (or safety shoes) are required for handling heavy items, such as gas cylinders or heavy equipment components.

7. Aprons, laboratory coats, gloves, and other protective clothing, preferably made of

chemically inert material, shall be readily available and used.

8. Laboratory coats are essential to protect street clothing from biological agent aerosols or chemical splashes and spills, vapors, or dusts.

9. For work involving carcinogens, disposable coats may be preferred.

10. For work with mineral acids, acid-resistant protective wear is desirable.

11. When the potential for splash hazard exists, disposal chemical-resistant overalls or chemical

splash suit is desirable.

12. When the potential for fire exists, consider wearing a laboratory coat specifically designed to be flame retardant. Several types of flame resistant clothes are available from safety suppliers.


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5.9 Hand Protection

1. Gloves are worn to prevent contact with toxic or biological agents, burns from hot or extremely cold surfaces or corrosives, or cuts from sharp objects. Skin contact is a source of exposure to infectious agents and toxic chemicals, including carcinogens. 2. Many gloves are made for specific uses. For adequate protection, select the correct glove for the hazard in question. 3. A leather glove provides good protection for picking up broken glass, handling objects with sharp edges, and inserting glass tubing into stoppers. However, because they absorb liquid, leather gloves do not provide protection from chemicals, nor are they adequate for handling extremely hot surfaces. 4. Gloves designed to insulate against hot surfaces and dry ice are not suitable for handling chemicals. 5. Inspect gloves for punctures or tears before putting them on. 6. To prevent contamination of your hands or work surfaces, wash rubber or plastic gloves thoroughly with water before removing them. 7. Pull off disposable gloves inside out and dispose of them according to the contamination hazard. Always remove contaminated gloves before leaving the laboratory. 8. Gloves must not be worn outside the labs or when using a telephone. 9. Exception for wearing gloves outside the labs: When transporting hazardous materials from point to point, carrier baskets and/or trolleys with spill trays should be used. Hazardous materials and gloves can be placed inside. 10. Always wash your hands after removing gloves, before leaving the work area, and before eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics. 11. The chemical resistance of rubber or plastic gloves varies greatly according to the glove material and the chemical handled. Consult your lab/technical officer or safety officer for information before selecting and using laboratory gloves. 12. Chemicals can eventually permeate all glove materials. Select glove materials resistant to the chemical being used, and change gloves periodically to minimize penetration. 13. The chemical resistance of common glove materials varies according to the glove manufacturer, as manufacturers may vary the thickness and formulations of materials. Call the supplier to verify that a particular glove material is suitable for the chemical in use. 14. Latex Gloves - In practice, most labs tend to rely on latex as the staple for glove supplies for general laboratory use a. Due to the prevalence of allergies to natural latex proteins, HSE recommends substitution of latex gloves with Nitrile or neoprene ones. b. Although these alternate glove materials may vary from latex in the range of typical lab chemicals to which they are rated as resistant, they do exhibit longer breakthrough times for those chemicals to which all three are acceptable. This is an added benefit to the avoidance of allergies. c. Beware that there are notable exceptions in performance between these gloves. Nitrile gloves offer no protection for acetone use but are the preferred protection over latex for ethanol, formaldehyde, and mineral oil.


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d. This variability is a convincing argument as to why it is important to carefully check resistance charts for specific gloves.


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5.10 Eye Protection: SS 473: Part 1 & 2: 1999

1. Eye protection is mandatory in laboratories because of the obvious hazards of flying objects, splashing chemicals, and corrosive vapors. Eyes are very vascular and can quickly absorb many chemicals. 2. Regulations require protective eye and face equipment where there is a reasonable probability that using them can prevent injury. 3. Mandatory eye protection (safety glasses/ overspecs/ safety goggles) must be put on at all times where hazardous materials (including chemicals, biomaterials or gases) are used/ handled / stored at defined areas and in all laboratories or workplace where hazardous operations are carried out. 4. Eye protection is mandatory when one is carrying out these activities, such as – transporting chemicals, disposing chemical/ biohazard wastes to the chemical store, waste room, fume-hood, maintenance operations in and near gas room, liquid nitrogen operation at work-station and when working near scrubbers and wastewater treatment facilities. 5. This mandatory rule also applies to all staff and students working in the laboratories or workplace at defined areas (marked by yellow/ black floor tapes) for putting on eye protection. 6. Visitors (such as Visiting Professors, Sales or Service Engineers or Visiting Workers) who need to work in a laboratory or workplace at defined areas (marked by yellow/ black floor tapes) shall be reminded to put on the suitable eye protection. 7. Eye protection is not interchangeable among employees and shall be provided for each individual unless disinfected after use. 8. Safety glasses / overspecs with clear side shields are adequate protection for general laboratory use. 9. Safety goggles shall be worn when there is danger of splashing chemicals or flying particles, such as when chemicals are poured or glassware is used under elevated or reduced pressure. 10. A face shield with goggles offers maximum protection (for example, with vacuum systems that may implode). 11. Corrective lenses in spectacles do not in themselves provide sufficient protection. Regulations require that persons (who wear eyeglasses) shall wear safety overspecs or safety goggles over their eyeglasses or wear prescription safety glasses. These options are also recommended for persons who customarily wear contact lenses. 12. If contact lenses are worn for non-chemical work, they should not be handled in the laboratory and shall be worn with regularly required eye protection, such as plastic goggles.


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5.11 Respiratory Protection SS 548: 2009 (Formerly CP 74: 1998)

1. Normal surgical masks and dust masks are not suitable protection against hazardous vapors. 2. Preliminary hazard identification, evaluation and control must be assessed to determine the need for respiratory protection and the type of respirators required. a. Hazard Identification – the type and nature of airborne contaminants shall be identified from the substances used, the processes and their products. Some of these information can be obtained can the respective Safety Data Sheets (SDS). The oxygen-deficiency and toxic airborne contaminants in an unknown atmosphere shall be tested. b. Hazard Evaluation – the level of exposure to inhalation hazards shall be determined by measuring the concentration of air contaminants or oxygen using appropriate sampling instruments and analytical methods. Appropriate sampling strategies shall be followed to determine the full shift time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) concentration, and where appropriate, the short-term concentration (TLV-STEL) of inhalation hazard to which users may be exposed. The results shall be compared with relevant Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) specified in the Factories (Permissible Exposure Levels of Toxic Substances) Order. c. Hazard Control – workplace contamination (by potentially harmful dusts, fumes, mists, smokes, vapors and gases) could be accomplished as far as feasible by appropriate engineering control measures (For example, enclosure or confinement of the operation, dilution ventilation (fresh air) and local exhaust ventilation (LEV), substitution of less toxic materials). 3. When effective engineering controls are not feasible (or while they are being implemented) and where the airborne contaminants exceed half their PEL, suitable respirators shall be used. 4. All respirators (half or full face piece air-purifying respirators, disposable respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus, SCBA) must be properly maintained, inspected and screened for secure fit. 5. All users, putting on respirators, must be screened for fitness and facial characteristics before issuance, fit-tested (qualitatively or quantitatively) during issuance of respirators to ensure proper facial fit, trained in the proper use and care (including cleaning and storage) of respirators and lastly supervised to enforce proper usage of respirators.

Office of health and safety online training under specific courses

Donning a disposable respirator

Fitting a half mask respirator

Click on web-link for more online safety courses: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/training/Pages/onlinetraining.aspx NTU SOP reference document

NTU/OHS/SOP/25.0 Date of issue: 16 May 2013 Next review date: 15 May 2015

Title: Standard Operating Procedure on Respiratory Protection Programme



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5.12 Housekeeping

Keeping things clean and organized helps provide a safer laboratory. The laboratory must be kept clean and tidy at all times.

All borrowed items are returned to their original locations. Opened reagent bottles are put back into their respective safety cabinets.

Keep drawers and cabinet doors closed and electrical cords off the floor to avoid tripping hazards.

Keep aisles clear of obstacles such as boxes, chemical containers, and other storage items that might be put there even temporarily.

Avoid slipping hazards by cleaning up spilled liquids promptly.

Keep the floor free of stirring rods, glass beads, stoppers, and other such items.

Never block or even partially block the path to an exit or to safety equipment such as a fire extinguisher or safety shower.

Keep passageways clear of any unnecessary equipment or boxes as these may pose a fire hazard or cause accidents.

Make sure that supplies and equipment on shelves provide sufficient clearance so that lightings and ventilation systems operate correctly. There shall not be any storage within 18 inches of any lights, air-con diffusers or exhaust outlet.

Put ordinary wastepaper in a wastepaper basket separate from chemical wastes.

Broken glass and other sharp items shall be disposed of in rigid, puncture-resistant containers (such as the Glass Disposal Box and plastic sharp containers) to protect persons collecting the waste materials.

Needles and syringes that are not contaminated may be sealed in a rigid, puncture-resistant container (plastic sharp container) and placed in a regular waste receptacle.

When discarding empty boxes or other containers bearing hazardous materials labels, the labels shall be defaced or removed before disposal.

Contaminated boxes or containers should be sent to the Toxic Waste Store for off-site disposal.

Chemical wastes (must be contained in 5-20L plastic carboys and placed on a spill tray) and unwanted chemicals shall be disposed of regularly (at least once per week) and not left to clutter a laboratory.

5.13 Uncertainties and Familiarization

1. Be familiar with the potential hazards of the technique being used and the appropriate response or recommended precautions. 2. Be alert to unsafe conditions and unsafe acts (including failures or incidents), and call attention to the supervisors so that corrective actions can be carried out. 3. A new user of equipment must be sufficiently trained before using it. Ask your supervisor for instructions if you are not confident or experienced.


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4. Safety training of some specific issues (on operations and processes) shall be provided by the respective supervisors. All students and new staff should seek their respective supervisors' advice or guidance when handling unfamiliar operations or processes.

5.14 Unattended / Overnight Operation

If experiments run while a operation owner is not present, an ‘Test in Progress Operations Notice’, containing information about the experiment and the contact information of the user, shall be display next to the in progress operation/ experiment

Always maintain a valid notice to reflect the actual operations carried out during the specified period. • Maximum allowed period is 1 month. • Remove notice once the stated period has expired. • Check notice regularly (at least once a month by lab-in-charge) to ensure validity. Reactions that are left unattended for long periods of time or overnight are prime sources of fires, floods, and explosions. Do not let equipment such as power stirrers, hot plates, heating mantles, and water condensers run overnight without fail-safe provisions such as flow monitors (that will shut down equipment in case of water supply failure), temperature monitors interlocked into the system, or fail-safe hose connectors for both water inlets and outlets (especially for using running water for long hours and during non-office or silent hours. At the end of the experiment, conduct a check to make sure that all equipment are cleaned and returned to their original locations. Gas supply, vacuum, electrical apparatus etc. are turned off. Hot plates and water baths that are still hot should be clearly indicated as such.

5.15 Working Alone

Staff is recommended to work in the presence of a buddy at all times, especially when a. Operating moderate-to-high risk processes, especially involving the use of hazardous

materials (chemicals, biomaterials or gases);

b. Under such conditions, the staff must work together with a buddy and ensuring each other’s safety.

c. Authorization of lab Usage (after office hour) form and rules & regulation click here

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Pages/AfterHrs.aspx


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5.16 Equipment Maintenance

Good equipment and maintenance are important for safe, efficient operations.

Equipment should be inspected and serviced regularly.

Equipment awaiting repair or due for maintenance should be removed from service and a clear sign (eg.LOTO) should be put in place to inform other users. Otherwise, all malfunction equipment (or unused equipment) can be transferred to the Store for temporary storage or disposal (write off process).

5.17 Handling Cryogenic Fluid/Liquids

Cryogenic liquids are used in environment lab one and CESEL lab.

Liquid Nitrogen is very cold, –196

o C.

PPE is Mandatory (Face shield, Apron, Glove And cover shoe or Safety shoe)

Cryogenic fluids, such as liquid nitrogen, have the potential to cause an oxygen deficiency environment.

Store and use cryogenic fluids with adequate ventilation. Do not store in a confined or poorly ventilated space.

Never allow any unprotected part of the body to come in contact with un-insulated pipes or equipment that contains cryogenic fluids. The extremely cold metal will cause the flesh to stick fast and tear when one attempts to withdraw from it.

Use a suitable hand truck for container movement. Containers should be handled and stored in an upright position. Do not drop, tip, or roll containers on their sides. Do not remove or interchange connections.

Use piping and equipment designed to withstand the pressures to be encountered.

Personnel must be thoroughly familiar with properties and safety considerations before being allowed to handle cryogenic fluids and/or its associated equipment.

Eyes are most sensitive to the extreme cold of cryogenic fluids and its vapour cryogenic fluids.

The recommended PPE when handling or using cryogenic fluids is a full face shield over safety glasses/ goggles; loose-fitting thermal insulated or cryogenic gloves; and long-sleeved shirts and trousers without cuffs, especially whenever the possibility of exposure or a spill exists. In addition, safety shoes are recommended for those involved with the liquid nitrogen containers.

In emergency situations, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must be used.


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5.18 Handling Glassware Safely

Check glassware before use.

Consider chemical to be used, pressure, vacuum, closed or open systems, temperature.

Keep glassware away from the edge of the bench top and shelves; always place them in a tray well away from edge.

Ensure glassware with good stability at all times.

Use cork ring for round bottom flask.

Never place around bottomed flask on a smaller beaker; always place in a slightly larger beaker.

Store large or heavier glassware on lower shelves.

Avoid putting metallic objects or heavy objects in the same drawer as glassware.

Use bubble paper or similar soft padding in drawers to prevent rolling.

Glass thermometers should be placed back into its protective sheath and capped.

Open glass drawers slowly.

Clean your glassware and apparatus immediately after use.

If not at least soaking suitable solvents (preferably water or alcohol capped with stoppers to minimize evaporation).

Most lab glassware can be cleaned by washing and brushing with a detergent or with a special laboratory cleaning product.

Do not scrap residue or use steel wool or scouring pad with force.

If dirty glassware cannot be washed immediately, put it in water to soak. Use warm water (40ºC) if necessary.

Handle glassware carefully when cleaning - slippery.

Be sure to rinse off all soap or detergent residue.

Drip dry or place in drying oven. Avoid using flammable solvents to dry (Environmentally unfriendly). If really necessary small amount of acetone.

Cleaning Glassware

When cleaning laboratory glassware, wear appropriate gloves that have been checked for tears or holes.

Avoid accumulating too many articles in the cleanup area around the sink; space is usually limited, and piling up glassware leads to breakage.

Do not clean food containers in a sink that is used for cleaning contaminated glassware.

Many fingers have been badly cut by broken glass from glassware that was intact when put into the sink water. Handle glassware carefully and watch out for broken glass at the bottom of the sink. A rubber or plastic mat in the sink will help minimize breakage.

Avoid using strong cleaning agents such as nitric acid, chromic acid, sulfuric acid, strong oxidizers, or any chemical with “per” in its name (perchloric acid, ammonium persulfate, etc.) unless no alternatives are available.

If the laboratory personnel must use these substances for cleaning, he/she should be thoroughly familiar with their hazardous characteristics and use appropriate protective equipment.

Flammable solvents such as acetone should be used in minimum quantities for cleaning and with appropriate precautions (by checking SDS) taken during their use.

Acids, bases and solvents must not be rinsed down the drain during cleaning but shall be collected in waste carboys for proper treatment and disposal to the Toxic Waste Store.


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Broken Glassware 1. Do not touch with bare hands- Not even gloved hands for small (sharp) parts (unless on

the safe part, e.g. smooth end of a long tube). 2. Pick up with thongs or sweep them up. 3. Dispose the broken glassware to the broken glass bin. Glassware Setup

Plan your assembly. Do not clutter work area (knocking things over).

Use a few clamps to support the apparatus firmly. (Glass cannot withstand flex forces).

Support all flasks with support rings for stability; even though clamps may support the neck of the flask.

Always assemble the apparatus from the bottom up.

If you cannot reach comfortably, re-plan your experiments.

Assemble all parts to be fixed.

Choose suitable parts. Minimise connections.

Fasten all clamps loosely first, except the bottom clamp.

Gradually tighten all clamps as you assemble.

Align apparatus. If frosted glass apply lubrication.

Do not force alignment. Do not twist.

Tighten clamps (preferably in two rounds).

Visually check one more time using your intended reaction

Lubricate tubing with glycerine or water before inserting into rubber stoppers or rubber tubing (including thermometers and frosted joints). Protect hands with leather gloves, a thick towel when inserting glass tubing.

Use glassware of the proper size with good fit. Allow at least 15% free space.

Grasp a three-neck flask by the middle neck, not a side neck.

Avoid putting extension sockets into fume cupboards.


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6 CHEMICAL SAFETY

Individuals who handle chemicals should supplement the information in this document with specific details applicable to their laboratories. Such information is available in Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) and other reference materials that are available. The complex relationship between a material and its biological effect in humans involves considerations of dose, duration and frequency of the exposure, route of exposure, and many other factors, including sex, allergic factors, age, previous sensitization, and lifestyle. Working with potentially hazardous chemicals is an everyday occurrence in a laboratory setting. Hazardous situations can occur if users are not educated in general chemical safety, toxicological information, and procedures for handling and storage for the chemicals they are using. This section spells out specific protocols to minimize hazardous chemical exposures.

Exposure Routes Chemicals enter the human bodies through the possible routes: a) Inhalation — absorption through the respiratory tract by inhalation. This is probably the easiest way for chemicals to enter the body. b) Ingestion — absorption through the digestive tract by eating or smoking with contaminated hands or in contaminated work areas. Depending on particle or droplet size, aerosols may also be ingested. c) Dermal — absorption through the skin or eyes. Skin contact is the most common cause of the widespread occupational disease dermatitis. The eyes are very porous and can easily absorb toxic vapours that cause permanent eye damage. d) Injection — percutaneous injection through the skin. This can occur through misuse of sharp items, especially hypodermic needles.

Toxic effects can be immediate or delayed, reversible or irreversible, local or systemic.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity

Toxicity is the measure of a poisonous material's adverse effect on the human body or its ability to damage or interfere with the metabolism of living tissue.

Generally, toxicity is divided into two types, acute and chronic. Many chemicals may

cause both types of toxicity, depending on the pattern of use.

Acute toxicity is an adverse effect with symptoms of high severity coming quickly to a crisis. o Acute effects are normally the result of short-term exposures and are of short

duration. o Examples of acutely toxic chemicals are hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid,

hydrogen cyanide and ammonia.

Chronic toxicity is an adverse effect with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time as a result of frequent exposure.

o The dose during each exposure period may frequently be small enough that no effects are noticed at the time of exposure.

o Chronic effects are the result of long-term exposure and are of long duration. o Carcinogens as well as many metals and their derivatives exhibit chronic toxicity.

Cumulative poisons are chemicals that tend to build up in the body as a result of numerous

chronic exposures, leading to chronic toxicity. o The effects are not seen until a critical body burden is reached. o Examples of cumulative poisons are lead and mercury.


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With substances in combination, such as exposure to two or more hazardous materials at the same time, the resulting effect can be greater than the combined effect of the individual substances. This is called a synergistic or potentiating effect.

One example is concurrent exposure to alcohol and chlorinated solvents.

The published toxicity information for a given substance is general — human data may not be available—and the actual effects can vary greatly from one person to another.

Do not underestimate the risk of toxicity. All substances of unknown toxicity should be handled as if they are toxic, with the understanding that any mixture may be more toxic than its most toxic component

6.1 Introduction & Objectives of the Laboratory Safety Specifications Policies and procedures for selecting, handling, storing, using and disposing of hazardous materials and wastes, as appropriate, are included in both new user orientation and annual update training programs for the laboratory user. All training is documented. Before doing any experiment in the laboratory, user must attend/ fulfil all the followings:

CEE Safety Induction

E-learning (CEE training matrix)

Lab safety orientation

View the safety video

Passed CEE safety quiz

Carry out risk assessment + SWP(SOP)

6.2 Proper Storage of Chemical

All chemicals must be properly stored within the laboratory. Chemical storage requirements depend on the types or properties of the chemicals, incompatibility, quantity of storage, operational and environmental conditions.

All containers must have appropriate labels that are not removed or defaced.

Each container should be labeled as to the date it was received before storing and the date it was opened as some chemicals form peroxides or other unstable products when stored for relatively short periods of time.

Do not store more chemicals than you will need over a reasonable period. This will also reduce the disposal cost eventually.

Never store liquid hazardous chemicals above eye level or in fume hoods.

Exposure to heat or direct sunlight should be avoided.

Chemicals should not be stored under a sink.

Stored chemicals should be examined periodically (at least annually) for replacement, deterioration, and container integrity.

Always make sure you have a copy of the SDS when the chemical is received.

Use proper clean containers. Never use drinks and food containers for the storage of chemicals.

No container should be laying or stacking on top of another. Keep them upright.

The practice of storing materials in a fume cupboard is prohibited.

Incompatible chemicals should not be stored together.

When chemicals have multiple hazards, it is important to store them in the most appropriate storage areas and it may also be necessary to segregate them within that storage area.

Licensed chemicals must be stored in a locked cupboard.

Ensure proper inventory record.


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6.3 Handling of Chemical

Many chemicals cause poisoning if they are breathed, ingested, or come into contact with

the skin. Some chemicals, if improperly handled, cause fire or explosion. Memorise the

emergency safety routines and know where to find fire fighting equipment, safety shower

and eyewash stations. Above all, familiarize yourself with the hazards of, and the control

procedures for, the chemicals that you use.

Appropriate PPE (Personnel Protective Equipment) must be worn.

Substitute a toxic chemical for a less toxic alternative.

Handle chemicals in a fume hood where vapors or fumes are anticipated in work

procedures.

User must read through the SDS before handling chemicals.

Chemical should be obtained from the chemical store in-charge. Return to the chemical

storeroom immediately after use. Ensure that the chemicals are put back to its respective

place on the shelves.

Flammable chemicals shall not store more than 10% of the allowable quantity on the

working bench.

Never store liquid hazardous chemicals above eye level.

Chemicals must not be stored in the fume cupboard.

Chemicals that may emit hazardous fumes, vapours or particulate shall not be stored on

open lab top benches.

No chemicals must be left on the floor especially toxic and flammable solvents or glass

bottles.

Use chemical transportation cart with secondary containment for transporting of

chemicals

Chemical wastes, waste water & solid waste should be collected in properly labeled

container and disposal by authorized licensed vendor

No chemicals should be discharged into the sink.

Removal or additional of any unauthorized chemical beyond each laboratory or

workshop boundaries is strictly prohibited.

All chemical have to be indicated with GHS label.

GHS label example


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6.4 Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

SDS are the most basic source of chemical hazard information. The SDS summarises the properties, the health and physical hazards, including the type of toxicity information and related safety information required by emergency responders.

All laboratory personnel must be familiar with the hazards and recommended precautions associated with the chemicals they handle regularly. Before commencing an experiment (or when in doubt) using an unfamiliar chemical / gas, every laboratory personnel should consult its SDS to ensure adequate safety precautions have been taken for his/her own personal protection. SDS should be filed in a central location in the laboratory for immediate reference and assessment. The information contained inside the SDS must be assessed (not just filed) to allow the user to understand the hazardous properties, chemical and physical data for anticipation, decide the first aid facility needed, formulate safe work procedures, select personal protection devices and handling of information. Most SDSs (in accordance to EC Directive 91/155/EEC) would able to provide the user with the following information: 1) Product and Company Information 2) Composition / Information on Ingredients 3) Hazards Identification 4) First Aid Measures 5) Fire Fighting Measures 6) Accidental Release Measures 7) Handling and Storage 8) Exposure Controls/ Personal Protection 9) Physical and Chemical Properties 10) Stability and Reactivity 11) Toxicological Information 12) Ecological Information 13) Disposal Considerations 14) Transport Information 15) Regulatory Information 16) Other Information It is mandatory for suppliers of hazardous chemicals or toxic gases to provide the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) during the delivery. No chemicals or bio-hazardous materials and/or toxic gases must be accepted or delivered without the SDSs.


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6.5 Chemical Management System (CMS) a. CMS is set up to monitor purchase the following chemicals / biomaterials / gases:

Unregulated chemicals / biomaterials / gases

Hazardous substances (hazardous chemicals / toxic gases) regulated by National Environment Agency (NEA) {Pollution Control Department}.

Poisons (including biochemical and pharmaceuticals) regulated by Health Science

Authority (HSA).

Flammable Materials regulated by Fire Safety and Shelter Bureau (FSSB)/ Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF).

Biological materials (such as certain viral or bacterial strains) and Pesticides regulated by

Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority (AVA) of Singapore

Dangerous goods controlled by Port of Authority of Singapore (PSA) or Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS).

Prior to the purchase, all chemicals / biomaterials / gases are screened to ensure compliance to the following gazetted legislative requirements. b. Assess and review the Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) before purchase to • Anticipate and identify the potential hazards; • Understand the emergency action plan to be implemented in the event of emergency; • Better equip the users with the necessary personal protection equipment or exposure controls; and determine the minimum allowed quantity to be order. Proper documentation of all purchases, usage and storage details such as • Purity • Brand & Catalogue / Product No • Packing Quantity and Type • Name & Address of Supplier • Delivery Order or Invoice Number • Quantity Received • Quantity Stored • Quantity Used • Expiry Dates • Location of Storage and Use • Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) • Signature of Permit or Licence Holder c. Monitor and control the maximum storage of hazardous substances or poisons permitted by the Hazardous Substances Permit / Poison Licence/ Flammable Materials Licence.

d. Check whether the container is designed, constructed, maintained and labelled in accordance with the statutory code. Check for expiry dates of specific products.

e. Ensure all hazardous substances or poisons with special suppliers’ labels (such as "POISON") are segregated and kept under lock and-key at all times. f. Ensure proper monitoring of unwanted remnant stock of hazardous substances/ poisons/ biomaterials. g. Ensure proper disposal through licensed toxic industrial waste or biological waste collectors.


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6.6 Chemical Exposure monitoring

Ref NTU/OHS/SOP/23.0 Date of issue: 21 Feb 2013 Next review date: 20 Feb 2015

Title: Standard Operating Procedure on Chemical Exposure Monitoring

6.7 Transport of Chemical

When transporting chemicals either within or outside the laboratory, a secondary container (such as tray) must be used to ensure that the potential risks are adequately communicated to all who may come into contact with the chemicals in the course of the transport. In the interests of safety, bulk chemicals and potentially hazardous chemicals in any quantity should not be carried in the passenger lifts. The following chemicals are banned from passenger lifts in any quantities: Strong acids and bases, volatile solvents, inflammable liquids and toxic solids. All quantities of acids, caustic, flammable or dangerous liquids should be transported on a trolley to and from laboratories and stores in the goods lift. Reagent bottles should always be moved carefully to avoid breakage and bottle carriers must be used if they are to be transported from one point to another.

Env Lab chemical transportation Cart modification with interlocking wheels)

Display storage photo for top and bottom section

Caution display on transportation cart

Small spill reponse kit

Review and read chemical transporatation RA and SWP under Env lab

Understand designated chemical transporatation route in block N1-B3

T-loan cart from Env lab if chemical transportation is carry out in/out from lab/workshop.

Chemical Transportation Cart


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6.8 Disposal of Chemical

General Classification of Chemical Wastes In general the chemical wastes in the labs can be divided into the following categories:

Inorganic acids (e.g. Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Sulphuric Acid and Hydrofluoric acid)

Organic Acids (e.g. Acetic Acid, chromic acid)

Non-chloro-Organic Chemical (e.g. acetone, alcohol and Tetrahydrofuran)

Chloro-Organic Chemicals (e.g. Chloroform and Carbon Tetrachloride)

Solid Waste (e.g. Polymers and Inorganic fillers)

Reactive Substances (Sodium, hydrides of alkali metals, phosphorus compounds)

Waste Oil ( Silicon Oil, Vacuum Pump Oil) General Guidelines for Chemical Waste Disposal

Chemicals of the same category can be disposed into the same waste container.

Do not mixed chemicals of different categories. It may result in explosion!

All the waste bottles must be clearly labelled.

The name and amount of waste chemicals must be recorded each time when they are poured into waste bottles.

Those who use chemicals must have sufficient knowledge on their safety handling and disposal. They should read SDS and consult trained personnel when in doubt.

Undergraduate students are not allowed to handle any hazard chemicals unless they are under close supervision.

Engage a licensed toxic industrial waste collector to collect the wastes for treatment and disposal.

Guidelines for Disposal of Spent Acids & Bases

All the inorganic acid waste solutions must be neutralized or diluted until their pH ≥ 2

before being disposed into waste bottles.

After neutralization, the acids should be stored in plastic bottles.

Do not store HF in Glass bottles.

Bottles used for storage of organic chemicals cannot be used for storage of inorganic acid wastes.

Neutralization of acids should be carried out based on quantitative calculation. Neutralization is a very vigorous reaction, which may generate a large amount of heat (Always acid to water, not water to acid).

Stirring and cooling is required for large-scale neutralization.

Neutralization must be done by trained personnel. Undergraduate students are not allowed to handle it unless they are under close supervision.

Aqueous corrosive wastes shall not contain sulfides, cyanides, metals, or other materials that can give off hazardous fumes upon reaction with the acid or base.

Guidelines for Disposal of Organic Chemicals

All the organic chemicals, no matter chloro- or non-chloro, should be stored in glass bottles.

Some organic chemicals are highly reactive and hence cannot be disposed directly without treatment.

Those who use such chemicals must have sufficient knowledge on their safety handling and disposal. They should read SDS and consult trained personnel when in doubt.

Guidelines for Disposal of Solid Wastes

Solid chemical wastes should be stored in a container strong enough to withstand the weight of the waste.

Sharp objects, such as broken glassware, needles and blades, must be disposed of in a sharp container and not in the general waste.

Guidelines for Disposal of Highly Reactive Substances The following chemicals must not be disposed before proper treatment:

waste sodium and other alkali metals

hydrides of alkali metals


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phosphorus compounds

concentrated acids Each lab should have their own specific procedures for disposal of special chemical wastes produced in their laboratory, e.g. Solid wastes, radioactive or bio-active chemicals


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7 BIOLOGICAL SAFETY

7.1 Work Involving Biological Related Material

With effect from March 2011, all works involved with any biological agents, toxins related to any biological agents, genetic modification organisms, animals, or any biological related materials and are conducted in the School will be issued a Biological Project Number (BPN). Biological project stated in the abovementioned without a BPN is deemed as unauthorised work. Both final year project and projects undertaken by attachment students (short term) are excluded and will not be issued a BPN, unless the works involved manipulating biological materials controlled by local authorities. 7.2 General Guide In Working With Biological Agents Facility Considerations

Ample space must be provided for safe conduct of laboratory work.

Walls ceilings and floors should be smooth, easy to clean, impermeable to liquid and resistant to chemicals and disinfectants. Floors should be slip-resistant.

Bench tops should be impervious to water and resistant to disinfectants, acids, alkalis, solvents and moderate heat.

Adequate illumination should be provided for all activities.

Adequate storage space for hazardous substances and biological agents should be provided.

Safety systems should cover fire, electrical emergencies, first-aid, safety shower, eyewash facility and emergency evacuation procedures.

Hand-washing basins with running water should be provided in each laboratory, preferably near the exit door.

Mechanical ventilation systems should provide inflow of air without recirculation.

Personal Protection

Laboratory coats must be worn at all times for work.

Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), gloves, safety glasses, face shields or other protective devices must be worn when instructed in the risk assessment.

Open-toe footwear, shorts, skirts are not allowed.

Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics and handling contact lens are prohibited.

Storing foods or drinks in the laboratory is prohibited.

It is prohibited to wear PPE outside laboratory, e.g. in offices, staff rooms, pantries and toilets.

Wash hands after handling infectious materials and animals and before leaving laboratory working areas.

Biosafety Equipment

Materials used to construct the equipment must be impermeable to liquids, resistant to corrosion and meet structural requirements.

Pipetting aids to be used – No mouth pipetting.

Biological safety cabinets are to be used whenever infectious biological agents are handled.

Screw-capped tubes, bottles and centrifuge buckets are to be used.

Autoclaves or other appropriate means (e.g chemicals) to decontaminate biological agents.

Plastic disposable laboratory wares and pipettes are preferred.

Practices & Procedures

Mouth pipetting must be strictly prohibited.

All procedures should be performed in a way that minimizes the formation of aerosols and droplets.

The use of hypodermic needles and syringes should be limited.

All spills, accidents and potential exposures to infectious biological agents must be reported to the supervisor and a written record of such accidents should be maintained.


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Supervisor must inform School Safety Officer immediately. The incident reporting form is to be submitted to the Office of health and Safety within one day of the incident.

A written procedure for the clean-up of all spills must be developed and followed.

Contaminated liquids must be decontaminated chemically or physically (autoclave) before discharge to the sanitary sewer.

All contaminated materials, specimens and cultures must be decontaminated before disposal or cleaning for reuse.

Written documents that are expected to be removed from the laboratory need to be protected from contamination while in the laboratory.

The laboratory should be kept neat, clean and free of materials that are not pertinent to the work.

Work surfaces must be decontaminated after any spill of dangerous material and at the end of working day.

Storage of Biological Agents

Hazard warning signs, indicating the risk level of the agents being used, must be posted on laboratory doors and refrigerator and freezer doors.

All containers used to store biohazardous agents in refrigerators and freezers must be labeled clearly with scientific name, date of storage and person who stored them. Unlabelled and obsolete items should be autoclaved and discarded. The containers must be robust and not leak. No material should remain on the outside of the container.

An inventory must be maintained of refrigerator and freezer contents. Inventory must be posted on refrigerator or freezer door.

Contaminated glassware and plastic-ware must not leave the lab and decontamination must be carried out before disposal.

7.3 Guide on Spill Procedure

Alert all personnel inside the laboratory immediately and ask them to leave.

Stop all activities; post a “No Entry” at the door.

Wear appropriate PPE and clean up the spill.

Pick up broken sharp items, if any with forceps and discard into sharp box.

Cover the spill with paper towels. Carefully pour freshly prepared 1% hypochlorite or disinfectant solution around the edges of spill then into the spill. Minimum contact time is 20 min.

Use paper towels to wipe the spill, working from the edges into the centre.

Wipe clean the spill area with fresh paper towels.

Place all materials in biohazard bag for autoclaving.

Wash hands and exposed skin areas with antiseptic soap.

Document the incident in details.

7.4 General Guide on Waste Management

Solid / Semi-solid Waste & Sharps

Discard all bio-hazard wastes generated into appropriate waste container lined with bio-hazard bags (doubled layer). Waste with antibiotics should be separated.

When full, seal biohazard bags but not too tight to allow steam enter inside during autoclaving.

Apply autoclave control tape and label name and contact number.

Autoclaved at 121 C for 15 min.

All wastes which have been autoclaved are collected by the authorized contractor.

Sharp items are to be placed into sharp box provided and follow the steps mentioned above.

If the waste contains a radioisotope or hazardous material, seek School Safety Officer for advice.


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Liquid Waste

Liquid waste containing purely biological agent (no antibiotics and no hazardous chemicals) should be disinfect first before discharging into the sink.

Liquid waste containing antibiotics are to be disinfected first before discharge into waste containers.

All waste containers are to be labeled with name and contact number.

When full, cap the container tightly and request

All wastes which have been autoclaved are collected by the authorized contractor.

7.5 Guide On Emergency Procedure

When any biological accident occurs, the laboratory users of the area at the time shall:

Inform the Reporting Officer, School Safety Officer or Safety Representative immediately and evacuate all individuals from the affected area, if necessary;

Block off (by the emergency response team or ERT) the affected and post warning signs at all its entrances;

Refer affected individuals for medical observation and treatment, if required;

Inform the Office of Health & Safety OHS 24-hour Accident /Incident Reporting Lin (9235-1327)

Make arrangements to monitor and decontaminate any affected individual and the area and take all other actions necessary, to return the situation to normal;

Ensure that any contaminated items is removed from the person before the individual leaves the premises; and

Ensure that any personal clothing or other private property which is contaminated by the biological materials are not taken from the premises or released for disposal until fully decontaminated or contained.


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8 RADIATION SAFETY

Under Radiation Protection Act, licences are required for the import, export, sale, manufacture, dealing in, possession and use of radioactive materials and irradiating apparatus. A licence is also required for the transport of radioactive materials. The maximum penalty for infringement of the Act is S$100,000/- and 2 years jail. There are two distinct types of radiation; ionizing and non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation Radiation with sufficiently high energy can ionize atoms. Most often, this occurs when an electron is stripped (or 'knocked out') from an electron shell, which leaves the atom with a net positive charge. Because cells and more importantly the DNA can be damaged, this ionization can result in an increased chance of cancer. An individual cell is made of trillions of atoms. The probability of ionizing radiation causing cancer is dependent upon the dose rate of the radiation and the sensitivity of the organism being irradiated. Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, X-ray radiation, and neutrons may all be accelerated to an energy high enough to ionize atoms. Non-ionizing radiation The energy of non-ionizing radiation is less and instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, the electromagnetic radiation has only sufficient energy to change the rotational, vibrational or electronic valence configurations of molecules and atoms. The effect of non-ionizing forms of radiation on living tissue has only recently been studied. Nevertheless, different biological effects are observed for different types of non-ionizing radiation.

8.1 Safety Precautions

Install warning signs, lights and labels.

Fix x-ray analysis units with illuminated signs and a light that is activated when the x-ray is in operation.

Avoid exposing any part of the body to a primary x-ray beam.

X-ray tube of an x-ray analysis unit shall not be remained energized unless all warning lights are operating correctly.

Inexperienced person should not operate the system unless under direct supervision of an experienced operator.

Wear radiation badges or dosimeter when appropriate and wear badges on that part of the body expected to receive the highest dose.

An unknowledgeable person about x-ray equipment should not attempt to make repairs or remedy malfunctions.

If your operation is causing a localized radiation area, post the area with rope barriers and temporary warning signs.

Hand-held survey meters or portable area monitors should be used to monitor the radiation level when working in potential radiation areas.

Overexposure of lens tissue can lead to the development of lens opacities and cataracts.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation


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9 ELECTRICAL SAFETY 9.1 Safety Mark

All electrical appliances used in School of Civil and Environmental Engineering shall bear the Safety Mark (Figure 1). The Safety Mark should comprise of a 6 digit number (represented by X) followed by 00.

XXXXXX-00

Figure 1: Safety Mark

9.2 Safety Risk

High voltage is dangerous, not high current, unless the current is running through the body. Electrical Hazards can cause electrical shock, fire, explosion, burns and injury. Causes of electrical accidents are due to ignorance, lack of maintenance and unsafe equipment used. Therefore, to protect against fire, explosion, burns and injury, it is important to observe the following practices:

Proper maintenance of the equipment.

Post Danger Notices / Signs (eg: High Voltage sign).

Do not use extension cords for permanent wiring (extension cords should not supply power to permanent equipment like refrigerators) and do not run extension cords through walls.

Electrical cords on equipment must be in good condition, not frayed or cracked. Damaged cords must be removed or repaired, not taped over.

Multi-outlet power strips must have overload protection (circuit beaker) and must not be connected to another power strip or extension cord.

Electrical cord and extension cords must plug directly into the wall without adaptors. An electrician should do all repairs and modifications.

Faulty electrical equipment or misuses of equipment serve as ignition sources in the presence of flammable and combustible materials.

Inspect wiring of equipment before each use. Replace damaged or frayed electrical cords immediately.

Know the location and how to operate shut-off switches and/or circuit breaker panels. Use these devices to shut off equipment in the event of a fire or electrocution.

Limit the use of extension cords. Use only for temporary operations and then only for short periods of time. In all other cases, request installation of a new electrical outlet.

Multi-plug adapters can be used if they have circuit breakers or fuses and are not overloaded.

Minimize the potential for water or chemical spills on or near electrical equipment.


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Cables used must be appropriate to their loading. They must not be overloaded , otherwise it will overheat and the insulation will be damaged.

Either a fuse or a circuit breaker should provide protection against insulation failure.

Prevent exposure of live terminals and use isolators.

Cables and conduits must be earthed as a legal requirement.

Disconnect the plug or power source before servicing or repairing electrical equipment.

Be sure hands are dry wear nonconductive gloves and shoes with insulated soles when handling equipment that is plugged in.

If it is safe to do so, work with only one hand. This precaution reduces the likelihood of accidents that result in current passing through the chest cavity.

If water or a chemical is spilled onto equipment, shut off power at the main switch or circuit breaker and unplug the equipment.

If an individual comes in contact with a live electrical conductor, do not touch the equipment, cord or person. Disconnect the power source from the circuit breaker or pull out the plug using a leather belt.

Remove cords by grasping the plug, not the cord.

Turn off the main power switch, place a tag on the power switch indicating that work is being performed on the equipment, and lock the switch in the OFF position (if possible) before working on electrical equipment.

Always attach grounding sticks to High Voltage equipment before starting work.

Amber flashing lights and/or the words "High Voltage" indicates the equipment has voltages greater than 600 volts.

"Electrical Hazard" indicates the equipment has voltages less than 600 volts. NOTE: Low voltage hazards can be as deadly as high voltage hazards.

Avoid wearing jewellery. Jewellery provides a very good conductive path to your body.

Work in pairs if possible.

Do not run electrical cords along the floor where they will be a tripping hazard and be subjected to wear.

Do not plug too many items into a single outlet.

When work is to be performed on electrical equipment, make sure electrical source is turned off.

One of the most important safety precautions when building or repairing equipment is to make sure that it is adequately grounded. Make sure you connect wires according to the current Singapore Standard: Brown = Live, Blue = Neutral, Green with Yellow = Earth.


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10 Electrical Plugs

Electrical plugs (shown in Figure 2) have been recognized as approved plugs for use in Singapore. Users of electrical appliance shall only use approved plugs unless certified by Licensed Professional Engineers.

Figure 2: Approved Plugs (From left: 2.5A round pin (or Euro Plugs), 5A round pin, 13A rectangular pin, 15A round pin.) Laboratory equipment and apparatus, including computers and accessories, imported or carried from overseas affixed with unapproved plugs (shown in Figure 3) are not allowed as they do not meet the local safety standards. These must be changed to the approved plugs. Use of adaptor on these unapproved plugs is not permitted.

Figure 3: Unapproved Plugs (From left: Flat-blade plug, Schuko plug with side grounding contact, Schuko plug with side grounding contact, 10/16 Amp round pin, flat-blade but with round grounding pin, flat-blade but with round grounding pin.)


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11 MECHANICAL SAFETY

Mechanical safety involves machinery that may be hazardous if there are no proper operating procedures, regular maintenance and servicing schedule. Beside appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and using machine guarding provided, good housekeeping and safe working distances between machines can also minimize the hazards. The following practices should be followed strictly.

Operators are must be properly briefed on its operating procedure button.

Use proper personal protective equipment (e.g. wearing of gloves during drilling or machining).

Specimen must be properly secured during machining.

Machine guard must be used while in operation.

Unauthorized removal must be disallowed while in operation.

Regular maintenance schedule must be carried out (e.g. Oil level check or top-up).

Report any fault or damages (e.g. jam devices, excessive noise/vibrations or even overheating smell).

Pre-Start Check – ensure machine/tool is checked for faults before operating.

Safe Devices Check – Check for effectiveness of Emergency brakes or buttons.

Start Up Procedures – Follow closely & do not bypass any step.

Machine Operation – Do not leave the machine unattended & inform your supervisor of any faults immediately.

Shut Down Procedures – Follow closely & do not bypass any step.

Housekeeping – Clean work area regularly & ensure all tools are returned to their respective place e.g. tool-box.

All dangerous parts of machinery & every part of transmission by pulley belts or gears shall be securely fenced, unless it is in such a position or so constructed as to be safe for all operators.

Flywheels connected to prime movers & its moving parts must be securely fenced regardless of their positions.

Where it is impracticable to securely fence a dangerous part of any machinery, operator must be prevented from coming into contact with the dangerous part while the machine is in operation.

Traversing parts or self-acting machines shall not run within a distance of 600mm (60cm) from any fixed structure. This is to allow persons to pass safely through the space between the self -acting machines & the fixed structure.

Walkways should be clearly marked. It shall be 110 cm in width. Yellow lines are recommended to separate walkways from designated work areas. Walkways should not be slippery and should be freed from obstruction.


Page 43

All walkways, workstations, floor areas, access to emergency equipment and exits should be freed from obstruction, loose materials or slippery substances at all times.

Flammable and combustible materials should not be allowed to accumulate in the open areas.

No machine operation is to be carried out unless machinery safety has been briefed.

Notice on safety measures shall be prominently displayed near the machine.

Proper guards should be installed to machinery that have potentially dangerous moving parts. Regular and frequent checks of machine guards should be conducted.

Guards should be rigid and be made of incombustible materials. If a guard is of open mesh construction, the apertures should be small enough to prevent finger accessing to the dangerous parts.

Liquid spills should be cleared immediately. Wood and metal dust must be collected at the end of the operation.

Appropriate eye goggles should be used in operations that result in projecting loose particles, e.g. hammering, chiseling, grinding and welding.

Some operations, such as grinding, can generate a large amount of harmful dust. Appropriate respirators should be worn to prevent inhaling them.

Gloves with sufficient thermal insulation capacity should be worn when handling hot objection.

Tools should be of properly stored, used in the correct manner, regularly inspected/maintained and in good working condition.


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12 Compressed Gas Cylinders

Storage Practices 1. Only cylinders that are in use shall be kept in the laboratory. 2. The regulator is removed and the valve protection cap is in place when cylinders are stored. A valve protection cap is left on each cylinder until it has been properly secured in the lab and when it is not in use (after having been secured). 3. Cylinders are secured in accordance with local fire codes. All cylinders are secured against a wall or workbench using cylinder brackets and chains or are placed in a cylinder stand. 4. Cylinders are situated away from heat and ignition sources and away from major traffic flow. 5. Flammable gases (e.g., Hydrogen, Methane) are stored away from other gases, especially oxidizers (e.g., Oxygen and Nitrous oxide). The contents of the gas cylinders are clearly labeled. 6. Cylinders are maintained in an environment at near-room temperatures. They are not subjected to a temperature greater than 52

o C or lower than –6.1

o C.

7. Flames never come into contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder. 8. When the cylinder is not in use, close the main cylinder valve tightly Transportation 1. Large cylinders are transported only on a wheeled cylinder cart. Cylinders are not slid or rolled, since even practiced handlers can easily lose control of them. 2. Small cylinders are transported in a manner that protects them from potential damage from falling or striking objects. Use of Cylinders

2. Laboratory personnel must wear eye protection when changing regulators or manipulating tubing or equipment potentially under pressure.

3. Cylinders are situated away from heat and ignition sources.

4. Cylinders are situated away from major traffic flow.

5. Cylinders are maintained in an environment at near-room temperatures. They are not

subjected to a temperature greater than 52oC or lower than –6.1o C.

6. Flames must never come into contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder.

7. Cylinders are used only with a regulator. Cylinders contain pressures greater than most lab equipment can withstand. Cylinder users are aware that inadvertent closing of a valve or stop cock or plugging of a line could result in a violent failure of the apparatus

8. A regulator and gauge shall be installed at the point of use to show the outlet pressure when the source cylinder is outside of the lab.

9. Cylinder valves are closed when not in use, if feasible. They are never tampered with, forced,

lubricated, or modified.


Page 45

10. Gas cylinders, hoses and regulator should occasionally be checked for wear- and- tear, leaks and functionality. A simple leak test (using soap bubble or Snoop solution) can be done to check for leaks. A periodic leak check should be carried out and monitored on a log card.

11. Cylinder leaks are attended to immediately.

a. If a leak persists and/or cannot be controlled by simple adjustment, the supplier must

be contacted immediately. b. The cylinder is removed to a chemical fume hood or location where the leakage can

be exhausted or diluted and left there until the contents can be disposed of according to manufacturer's directions.

12. When discharging a gas into a liquid, a trap or suitable check valve is used to prevent liquid

from back flowing into the cylinder or regulator.

13. Cylinders are used only with fittings, valves, regulators, and tubing designated by the manufacturer for the gas being used. Threads on cylinder-valve outlet connections have been standardized by the Compressed Gas Association and are not the same on all cylinders. This prevents accidental mixing of incompatible gases from an interchange of connections.

14. Never lubricate, modify, force, or tamper with cylinder valves. Especially do not put oil or

grease on the high-pressure side of a cylinder containing oxygen, chlorine, or another oxidizing agent. An auto-ignition or explosion could result.

15. Connections are not forced or used with homemade adapters.

16. Incompatible gases linked by a direct potential pathway are protected by check valves or

other safety devices appropriate for the gases being used.

17. Ventilation in the use location is adequate to exhaust potential asphyxiate (e.g., carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen) releases.

Empty Cylinders

1. Full and empty cylinders are not manifold together.

2. Empty cylinders are promptly removed from manifold systems.

3. All others, including empties, shall be sent to the compressed-gas cylinder storage area for the particular facility.

4. Promptly remove the regulator from an empty cylinder, replace the protective cap. Valves outlets and protective caps received are replaced on empty cylinders.

5. Empty cylinders are labelled as “Empty”

6. Never bleed cylinders completely empty. Valves are closed on empty cylinders, leaving a slight positive pressure to keep contaminants out


Page 46

Specific Procedures for Using Acetylene Gas

1. Acetylene cylinders are stored upright (because they are partially filled with acetone).

2. Acetylene cylinders that have not stood upright are used only after they have been upright for at least 30 minutes.

3. Secure gas cylinder to prevent it from being knocked down and keep it at a safe distance from

heat sources.

4. A pressure regulator must be fitted to the outlet of the gas cylinder. Pressures are always maintained below the limit indicated by the red warning line on an acetylene pressure gauge.

5. A suitable non-return valve (check valve) must be fitted between each gas touch inlet and

gas hose (red in colour for welding).

6. Appropriate tubing is used with acetylene gas. (Copper tubing forms explosive Acetylides and shall not be used.)

7. No jubilee clip shall be used as a hose clamping device.

8. Visually examine all equipment and fittings before use.

9. Always regularly inspect and test the gas hoses for leaks, external burns and other defects. A defective hose must be repaired or replace immediately. The outlet line of acetylene cylinders contains a flash arrestor.

10. Wear the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE).

11. Check that there is no flammable substance nearby.

12. Ensure fire fighting equipment is readily available for immediate use.

13. Shut of gas valve at cylinder and disconnect hose from supply valve when operation ceases.

14. Submit Permit-to-Work Form (with relevant checklist) for any welding and cutting operations

involving the use of heat. This form must be submitted to the relevant Permit to work approver for verification. (Check with each laboratory and workshop for in-charge personnel) and refer to SOP under NTU-OHS

15. Refer to Singapore Standard SS 510: 2005 {Code of Practice for Safety in Welding and Cutting (and Other Operations Involving the Use of Heat)} for more safe work practices


Page 47

13 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

For detail information, please refer to the School Emergency Response Plan: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Documents/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20Manual.pdf

13.1 Fire Safety Practices

Fires and Explosion Three things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire: 1. Enough oxygen to sustain combustion. 2. Enough heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature. 3. Some sort of fuel or combustible material. The resulting exothermic chemical reaction is fire.

When any of these three things is removed, you will not have a fire or the fire will be extinguished Other Definitions:

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Documents/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20Manual.pdf

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Documents/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20Manual.pdf


Page 48

Flash point (FP): a. Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapour in sufficient concentration to

form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid b. < 38

oC is a flammable liquid

c. E.g.: Diethyl Ether: -45 oC and THF: - 14.5

oC

(Note: Formation of explosive peroxides, causing fire and explosion hazard.)

Auto-Ignition Temperature (AIT) a. Lowest temperature at which a flammable gas or vapour-air mixture will ignite from its

own heat source (e.g.: near a hot surface) without necessity of spark or flame b. E.g.: Diethyl Ether: 180

oC and THF: 321

oC

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) a. Minimum concentration of a vapour in air below which a flame does not occur on

contact with a source of ignition.

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) a. Maximum concentration of a vapour in air above which a flame does not occur on

contact with a source of ignition

Flammable Range (UEL – LEL) a. Difference between the upper and lower explosive limit in terms of percentage of

vapour/gas in air by volume

Flammable or Explosive Vapours a. Any atmosphere containing a gas or vapour in excess of 10% of its lower flammable

limit (concentration> 10% LEL) is considered as a hazardous atmosphere

Compounds %LEL %UEL Flammable Range %

Flash Point oC

Acetone 2.5

(2500ppm) 13 11.5 -17.8

Benzene 1.3

(1300ppm) 7.9 6.6 -11.1

Ethyl Acetate 2.0

(2000ppm) 11.5 9.5 -4.4

Diethyl Ether 1.7

(1700ppm) 49 47.3 -45

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

2.0 (2000ppm)

11.8 9.8 -14.5

Hexane (vapour -> flash fire)

1.2 (1200ppm)

7.7 6.5 -23 (FP) 224(AIT)


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Classes of Fire

For more details of information on fire preparedness, refer to the information listed in CEE Emergency Response Plan or CEE safety website.

Title:

Emergency Response Plan

Procedure No: Issue Date: Revision No: Revision Date: NTU/CEE/ERP 2011 02 Oct 2013

Prepared By: Vetted By: Administrator Approved By:

All Members Jack Eng Cher Sing on behalf of CEE Safety Committee

Tan Kwang Hwee Victor CEE safety committee chairman

Download Link:

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Documents/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20Manu

al%20Revision%2001%20Year2013.pdf

Always bear in mind that not all fuels are the same. If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong type of fuel, you can make matters worse. Fire is classified according to the type of fuel: 1. Class A - Ordinary combustible materials (such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber and plastics, etc). 2. Class B - Flammable liquids and gases (such as gasoline, oil, grease, and acetone, etc). 3. Class C - Energized electrical equipment (for electrical fires) 4. Class D - Combustible metals (such as lithium, sodium and magnesium) and Organometallics (such as trimethylaluminium)

Type of Portable Fire-extinguisher Class of Fire PASS technique (If the fire is small enough to be put out

with a portable fire-extinguisher)

Water Carbon dioxide Dry chemical powder Metal-X powder

A B, C A, B, C D

1. Pull out the pin 2. Aim at the base of the fire 3. Squeeze the handle 4. Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire goes out.

General Fire Prevention

1. Regular tidying and cleaning of workplaces and keeping the premises clear of combustible waste.

2. Combustible materials and flammable liquids and gases, in current use, are to be kept a safe

distance away from heat-generating equipment, such as hot plates, ovens and furnaces.

3. Regular checking of all electrical equipment for proper connection and wiring.

4. Regular checking of all equipment for proper cleaning and lubrication of moving parts to prevent overheating.

5. All exit doors should be easily opened from inside.

6. Passageway leading to exit doors, “Fireman Access Panel” and beyond should be free of any

obstacles (e.g. furniture, equipment, boxes etc.) for at least 1.2 meters.

7. There should be a clear access to fire-fighting equipment, fire alarm call-points, “Fireman Access Panel”, power and light switch boards and control valves.

8. Observe “No Smoking” rule in all prohibited areas, especially where flammable liquids, gases

and other highly combustible materials are stored or used.

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Documents/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20Manual%20Revision%2001%20Year2013.pdf

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Documents/Emergency%20Response%20Plan%20Manual%20Revision%2001%20Year2013.pdf


Page 50

13.2 Fire Response Plan

If you discover a fire:

Do not panic

Activate fire call point

Call SCDF 995 or hotline 6790 4777

Put out the fire (only if safe to do so)

Evacuate by the nearest fire exit

Close the door behind you

Your fire assembly point is at level B5 Car park directly under Block N2

Do not take personal belongings

Do not return until told to do so Dos and Don’ts in Case of Fire Evacuation

First alarm – notification (3 minutes)

Be alert

Stay calm

Lock up valuables

Need not evacuate (unless you are pregnant or disadvantaged persons)

Second alarm – emergency (continuous)

Take instruction from fire warden

Evacuate by the nearest exit immediately

Don’t panic

Keep left always

Do not take personal belongings

Assemble for roll call

Take instructions from fire warden 13.3 Procedure for Cryogenic liquid spill on a person

1. Contact with cryogenic liquids may cause crystals to form in tissues under the spill area,

either superficially or more deeply in the fluids and underlying soft tissues.

2. The first aid procedure for contact with cryogenic liquids is identical to that for frostbite.

3. Remove all protective clothing, gloves and shoes immediately. Check for affected area.

4. Re-warm the affected area as quickly as possible by warming up the affected with warm

water (between 39° and 41° C).

5. Do not rub the affected tissues.

6. Do not apply heat lamps or hot water and do not break blisters.

7. Cover the affected area with a sterile covering/ bandages and seek assistance for burns

at the hospital.


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13.4 Spill Response Plan

7 Steps in Spill Response:

Know what had been spilled - type, quantity, location -what action(s) to be adopted. Look for primary Hazard. Read the Safety Data Sheet (for at least know the Hazmat Sign).

Stop spill (only if safe to do so) Can the spill be stopped? Upright the container?

Inform -Lab staff and co-workers. Cordon off area. If serious call SCDF 995.

Protect Yourself. Ventilate if necessary. Remove ignition. Be aware of secondary hazards -fragments

Transfer Spilled material into suitable container for disposal. Render harmless.

Decontaminate area of residue. Ventilate if necessary.

Paper work. Proper disposal of spilled material. 13.5 Safety Shower and Eyewash Station Safety showers shall be installed in all areas where employees may be exposed to splashes or spills of materials that may be injurious to the eyes and body. Showers shall be placed as close to the hazard as possible, but in no case more than 10 seconds' travel time from the hazard. Every laboratory employee shall be instructed in the location(s) and use of a safety shower. Ideally, a person should be able to find the shower with his or her eyes closed. Safety showers shall have quick-opening valves requiring manual closing so that a person does not have to hold the valve open while trying to undress or wash off. The pull handle shall be a delta bar or large ring within easy reach but not so low as to be in the way. Eyewash, providing a continuous, low-pressure stream of aerated water, shall be provided in each laboratory. The eyewash shall be easily accessible from any part of the laboratory. If possible, the eyewash should be located near the safety shower so that, if necessary, the eyes can be washed while the body is showered.

Staff-in-charge of the laboratory are responsible for ensuring that eyewash fountains in their labs are tested monthly to ensure that the valves operate properly, the required volume and aerated stream are available, and the pipes or hose are cleared of sediment or precipitates (due to corrosion of copper pipes) that might collect.

Safety Shower and Eyewash Station Location

Environment Laboratory 1,2&3 Central Environmental science and Engineering Laboratory


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13.6 Personal injury

Burn from Fire If your clothing catches fire, decide very quickly how to put out the fire and minimize burns. The following methods are in order of preference:

a. Get under a safety shower or other water source if one is immediately at hand.

b. If a safety shower is not immediately available, stop, drop, and roll to extinguish the fire, holding

your hands over your face to shield your face and eyes.

c. Roll up in a fire blanket if one is nearby. If a fire blanket is used, remove it immediately after the

flames are extinguished to prevent further injury from heat buildup.

2. Assess the condition of the skin's burn area. a. If skin is not broken, run water over the burn area to remove heat.

b. If skin is broken, apply a dry, sterile dressing over the wound. Seek medical attention as soon as

possible.

Inhalation

1. A person exposed to smoke or fumes shall be removed to fresh air and seek medical advice

immediately.

2. Any victims overcome by smoke or fumes shall be treated for shock.

3. If not breathing, give artificial breathing (or if necessary, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR)

if trained personnel are available.

4. If a person needs to be rescued from a contaminated area, evaluate the possibility of harm to

the rescuer before anyone enters or remains in the contaminated area without proper protective equipment.

5. If an Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is available for the material inhaled, it should accompany the

victim to the medical treatment facility.


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Shock

1. Shock is likely to develop in any serious illness or injury. Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body. When the body’s organs do not receive adequate blood supply, they fail to function properly.

2. The following signals are indicators that the victim is suffering from shock.

a. Restlessness or irritability (often the first sign that the body is experiencing a

significant problem) b. Altered consciousness c. Pale, cool, moist skin d. Rapid breathing e. Rapid pulse

3. In caring for shock, have the victim lie down. Help the victim rest as comfortably as possible

to minimize pain and thereby slow the progression of shock.

4. Control any external bleeding. Help the victim maintain a normal body temperature and avoid chilling.

5. Elevate the victim’s legs about 12 inches unless you suspect broken bones or possible head,

neck, or back injuries. If in doubt, leave the patient lying flat. 6. Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink although (s)he may complain of thirst.

7. Obtain medical assistance promptly since shock cannot be managed by first aid alone.

Ingestion 1. If a person ingests a toxic chemical, determine, if possible, what was ingested.

2. Wash out mouth with plenty of water, provided person is conscious. Do not induce vomiting.

3. Seek medical advice* immediately. Notify the ambulance hotline at Tel: 995.

Inform the ambulance paramedics of the first aid treatment shown on the container label or the MSDS.

The MSDS should accompany the victim to the medical treatment facility.

*You may call Drug & Poison Information Centre (24 hours) at Tel: 64239119 for 24-hr assistance.

Puncture or Cut 1. When treating a victim with a puncture wound or cut, wear personal protective equipment (e.g.

gloves) to minimize exposure to human blood, body fluids, or other chemical or biological contamination.

2. Apply a pressure pad or clean cloth firmly to the wound. Raise the wounded area above the level of the heart to slow the bleeding.

3. For severe bleeding or spurting, very firmly press the pressure pad directly on the wound and apply pressure at the applicable body pressure point above the wound to stop the flow of blood. In a severe injury, keep the victim warm, calm, and oriented to prevent shock.


Page 54

Needle stick 1. Needle sticks or other accidents involving skin punctures by a chemical or biological agent shall be reported to the supervisor immediately. 2. Appropriate medical testing, treatment, and follow-up may be indicated and shall be provided as appropriate. 3. When a needle stick occurs, report the incident and obtain medical attention immediately. Dermal Contact 1. If a chemical spills on a person, the first goal is to remove the chemical from the person’s skin as soon as possible, without spreading it onto you. 2. For chemicals that can cause burns, the stronger the chemical and the longer the contact, the worse the burn. The chemical continues to burn as long as it remains on the skin. 3. Remove contaminated clothing immediately (including shoes and jewelry),while standing under running water or the safety shower, taking care not to spread contamination from the clothing onto more of the person’s skin. 4. When removing shirts or pullover sweaters, be careful not to contaminate the eyes. removed, cut it away with first aid kit scissors instead. To prepare for emergencies, shears (rounded-tip scissors) should be available in the first aid kit to allow safe cutting of contaminated clothing. 6. Many safety showers are equipped with curtains to give privacy to the victim. Don’t let modesty keep you from removing contaminated clothing that remains against skin. 7. For all chemicals (*with the exception of HF, refer to Clause 12), flush the skin under a safety shower for at least 15 minutes until no further pain or irritation, or until emergency paramedics arrive, and seek medical advice immediately. 8. For limited skin exposure on a small area, a drench hose may be adequate for flushing. 9. Do not treat the burn. Do not puncture any blisters that may develop. 10. Allow trained medical personnel or emergency paramedics to administer treatment after flushing is complete. 11. Your first aid kit will probably contain antibiotic ointment and sterile gauze for burns. These are intended only for minor burns such as those you might encounter in your household (e.g., small burns from cooking at a stove and sunburns). 12. In the special case of hydrofluoric (HF) acid exposure, you must provide immediate calcium gluconate (HF Antidote Gel) treatment to prevent severe damage to bone and tissue or potential fatality. This application cannot wait for emergency paramedics to respond. Any lab working with HF shall maintain a stock of the calcium gluconate antidote gel. (CEE does not permit the use of any HF in laboratory) 13. *For HF burns, flush under running water for at most 5 minutes, and apply (using gloves) calcium gluconate antidote gel onto affected area immediately until no further pain, and seek medical advice immediately.


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Example of Calcium Gluconate Antidote Gel Eye Contact

1. Should a chemical enter a person’s eye(s), wash the eye(s) with running water for at least 15 minutes until no further pain (*with the exception of HF, refer to clause 10), or until emergency paramedics arrive and seek medical advice immediately.

2. Protect the unaffected eye by keeping the affected eye (if only one eye is contaminated) lower

than the unaffected eye to prevent the spread of contamination.

3. Hold the eyelids open and move the eye up, down, and sideways to ensure complete coverage.

4. Be aware that particulates and liquids can become trapped in the conjunctiva where they may

continue to cause damage. The entire interior of the eye must be flushed as well as the exposed cornea. Irrigator loops

5. are available that can ensure flushing under the eyelids.

6. If no eyewash fountain is available, put the victim on his or her back and gently pour saline water (in first aid box) into the eyes for at least 15 minutes (*with the exception of HF, refer to clause 10) or until emergency paramedics arrive, and seek medical advice immediately.

7. A “buddy” in the lab is vital to the injured person to help find the eyewash, call for help, keep

the eyes open under the water stream, and prevent the person from rubbing the eye(s) and aggravating the damage.

8. *For HF splashes into the eye, flush under running water for at most 5 minutes and then

irrigate the eye with a 1% calcium gluconate solution** for at least 15 minutes until no further pain and seek medical advice immediately.

9. **Never apply calcium gluconate gel directly onto the affected eye, as the concentration used

may be harmful to eyes. Follow the instructions to dissolve 1g of calcium gluconate gel into 100g saline water in first aid box.

• Open the bottle cap and fill the centre ring of the inner cap with the calcium gluconate antidote gel (about 1g). • Pour saline water (inside First Aid Box) into the bottle until the Black Mark and close back the cap with the gel. • Shake the bottle well for complete mixing. • Pour 1% calcium gluconate solution into affected eye with eye wide open. • Continue application for 15mins until no further pain and seek medical advice immediately.


Page 56

13.7 First Aid

There is at least one first aid kit in each laboratory.

Each site-in charge (e.g. First aider or etc) of the laboratory is responsible for ensuring at least one first aid kit for their lab. This kit shall not be shared between laboratory and workplace.

The kit should be stored in the lab and be easily accessible to any other end users

Each laboratory user shall be trained to know where the kit is located.

The first aid kit is inspected monthly by each site-in charge (e.g. First aider or etc) of the laboratory or workplace to ensure that no items are missing and that none of the remedies

Each first aid kit keep with a set of treatment record (e.g., saline solution, ointment) in the kit have expired. The inspections shall be documented (an inspection record or checklist is included). The missing items are replenished by each site-in charge (e.g. First aider or etc) of the laboratory and workplace.

Aim:

To preserve life, To prevent the condition from worsening

To promote recovery, To provide comfort In case emergency, seek assistance from the occupational first aider:

Storey Block N1 Name Contact No.

N1-01a-29 Wong Siow Feng, Christina 6790 5360

N1-01a-33 Lim Kok Lian 6790 5828

N1-b1c Choi Siew Pheng 6790 5260

N1-b2a Seat Miew Cheng 6790 5347

N1-b2a See Shen Yen, Pearlyn 6790 4851

N1-b2c Tan Hiap Guan 6790 5310

N1-b3a Phang-Tay Beng Choo 6790 5351

N1-b3a Tan Han Khiang 6790 5350

N1-b3a Ong Chee Yung, Ton 6790 5350

N1-b4c Tan Tiak Khim 6790 4923

N1-b4c Neo Ah Yong 6790 4923

Workshop 3

Level b5 Fok Yew Seng 6790 5352

Workshop 4

Level b5 Koh Sun Weng 6790 6172

Level b6 Cheng Weng Kong 6790 5338

Block N1.1

Level b5 Yong Weng Choy 6790 6193

Level b5 Jee kim Tian,Jeff 6790 6193

Location of first-aid boxes in School of CEE:

Capacity Quantity Location

Type A 1 N1-B2b-19 Geotechnics Research Lab

Type A 3 N1-B2c-26 Geotechnics Lab

Type A 4 N1-B5-W402 Geotechnics Workshop

Type A 1 N1-B2b-13 CADD LAB III

Type A 1 N1-B2b-13 CADD LAB IV

Type A 1 N1-B3c-47 CEE Smart Classroom

Type A 1 N1-B4c-08 R & D Room

Type A 1 N1-B2a-10 MSc Room

Type A 1 N1-B1a-03A OA Group Office/workshop

Type A 1 CT lab Construction Technology Lab


Page 57

Type A 1 Material Lab Civil Engineering Materials Lab

Type A 1 CT workshop Construction Technology Lab

Type A 1 CT Annexe Construction Technology Lab

Type A 2 N1-B2a-02 Central Environment Science &

Engineering Lab

Type A 1 N1.1-B5-04 Protective Engineering Lab

Type A 2 N1-B5-W301 Hydraulics Lab

Type B 2 N1-B1c-32 Spatial & Transport Lab

Type B 1 N1.1-SC3 B5M Spatial & Transport Lab

Type C 1 N1-1a-29 General Office

Type C 1 N1-B3a-04 Environment Lab

Type C 1 N1-B3c-49 Environment Lab II

Location of automated external defibrillator (AED) machine in School of CEE:

Quantity Location

1 N1B3a-04 Outside Environment Lab

1 Foyer in front of CEE Outside CEE

An automated external defibrillator is used in cases of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias which lead to cardiac arrest. It is important for everyone to know the nearest location of the AED. In case of emergency, first aider will initiate the CPR but he/she needs your help to go to bring and pass the AED to him/her. Immediate response to cardiac arrest with an AED can make the different between life and death.

AED was installed at outside Environment Laboratory (N1-B3a-04) & outside CEE Entrance.

OHS organizers First Aid/ AED awareness course very frequently to equip everyone

in this knowledge.


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14 RISK ASESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT

14.1 Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is a tool to:

identify OSH hazards;

evaluate risk; and

prioritize measures/ actions Risk assessment is a process of:

evaluating probability & consequences of injury/illness;

arising from exposure to identified hazard; and

determining appropriate measures for risk control Every workplace has its associated workplace risk. Everyone has a part to play to ensure the workplace is safe. Risk assessment and Safe work procedure must be conducted for all work that they perform. It is your right to ask for this risk assessment, Safe work procedure, including the work instruction, training and use of protective equipment. All activities within School Civil and Environmental Engineering should be assessed. This information should be documented and kept to date. Safe work Procedure (SWP) is a procedure to be developed after conducting a risk assessment, for the purpose of carrying out work safety Download from CEE safety website SWP template: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Pages/Checklist.aspx Risk assessment consists of 3 main sections: 1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Evaluation 3. Risk Control

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Pages/Checklist.aspx


Page 59

15 Risk Management

Risk management involves firstly the identification of safety and health hazards associated with the work, assessing the risk and prioritizing appropriate ways or means to control the hazard to reduce the risk. It also includes monitoring of such risk (and making necessary adjustments) and also communicating these risk to all workers.

The procedure to conduct risk management should include:

Identification of hazards

Risks evaluation with existing (or proposed) control measures in place

Inspection of workplace to confirm appropriate controls are in place and identifying unforeseen hazards

Communicate the risk to workers and ensure appropriate controls are used correctly 16 Hazard Identification

Hazard is anything with potential to cause bodily injury which includes any physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, electrical or ergonomic hazard.

Hazard identification is the process of identifying all hazards in the workplace.

Consider – Tasks, Location

Hazard identification involves the systematic investigation of all potential hazard sources and the recording of hazards identified.

Divide tasks into sequential steps Preparation – Operation – Recovery – Maintenance

17 Risk Evaluation

Risk is likelihood a hazard will cause specific bodily injury to any person. Risk evaluation is determining the risk level. This method focuses on assigning terms such as “Frequent” to the likelihood of an occurrence and “Major permanent impairment or death” to the potential severity of the injury. This approach to risk evaluation is based on judgment rather than calculation.


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Risk Severity Table

Workplace

Safety Workplace Health Environment Fire Damage

Downtime Incurred

Critical

Fatality, Single or Multiple

Acute Poisioning, Failure of Major Bodily Functions

Spills to Outside Campus

More than $10 million damages

More than 1 year for full re -

instatement

Permanent Body Injury or Loss of

Use

Infection with No Known Cure

Infection outside confines of

Campus

Very Serious

Injury requiring 30 days of

hospitalisation and/or MC

Moderate Exposure,

Reversible Injury to Bodily

Functions on prolong recovery

Spills to Outside Building

More than $1 million damages

More than 3 months for full

re - instatement

Temporary Body Injury or Loss of

Use

Infection with Known Cure but

extensive treatment


Building affecting neighboring buildings but

within Campus

Serious

Injury requiring 10 days of

hospitalisation and/or MC

Mild Exposure, Reversible Injury

to Bodily Functions with

less than 1 month recovery

Spills to Outside Laboratory/Roo

m

More than $100k damages

More than 1 month for full re

- instatement


Use


extensive treatment


workplace but within laboratory

only

Marginal

Injury requiring maximum of 3

days of MC only

Very Mild Exposure,


Functions with less than 3 days

recovery

Spills to Outside Workplace but

within laboratory

More than $10k damages

More than 5 days for full re -

instatement


Use


treatment needed


laboratory but within building

only

Negligible

First Aid Treatment Only

Very Mild Exposure,


Functions with less than 3 days

recovery

Spills within Workplace only

Less than $5k damages

No Significant Downtime

No or Superficial Injury

No Exposure No infection or

infection with no effects


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Risk Likelihood Table

Likelihood Description

5 Frequent Likely to occur repeatedly Could occur annually

4 Moderate Likely to occur several times Could occur once in every 2 years

3 Occasional Likely to occur sometimes Not more than once in 5 years

2 Remote Not likely to occur Not more than once in 10 years

1 Unlikely So unlikely that can assume occurrence will not be experienced Not more than once in 20 years

Risk Evaluation Matrix


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Risk Level

Color Score Risk Action

16 - 25 High Operation not permissible Stop operation and review controls. If necessary abort experimentation.

12 - 14 Warning High priority remedial action. Proceed with extreme caution with supervisor present at all times. Implement additional (secondary) control immediately. Review within 7 days. Emergency control measures shall be in place.

8 - 10 Medium Take remedial action at appropriate time. Proceed with care. Additional control is advised. Review shall be implemented within 30 days.

1 - 6 Low Risk acceptable. Residue risk. If possible, risk reduction should be further considered, particularly severity. There are no imminent dangers. Frequent review shall be in place especially changes in procedures, materials or environment.

18 Risk Control

Control Measures It is essential for risks to be controlled. This is usually by elimination or reduction “at source”. If a risk cannot be controlled completely by engineering measures, it is necessary to protect the employees by administrative control or personal protection. The control of hazards and reduction of risks can be accomplished by following the hierarchy of controls. These control measures are not usually mutually exclusive e.g. engineering controls can be implemented together with administrative controls like training.

18.1 Workplace Risk Assessment System-WRAS

NTU Workplace Risk Assessment System

(WRAS) to conduct risk assessment.


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18.2 WRAS Administrator


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19 INCIDENT REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION

19.1 Introduction

The Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations is a subsidiary legislation under the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act which specifies the responsibilities of relevant parties to report workplace accidents, dangerous occurrences and occupational diseases at all workplaces to the Commissioner of Workplace Safety and Health. Under the Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations, an incident report must be made when any of these occur: • Workplace Accidents – Any accident occurring in the course of a person's work, with the following exceptions:

Any accident that occurs while a person is commuting to and from the workplace; Any traffic accident on a public road; and Any accident that occurs in the course of a domestic worker's employment.

SOP is to ensure that the incident investigation and reporting associated with workplace activities in NTU are addressed and managed through the process stipulated in the document. Issues by Office of Health and Safety Definitions

Accident is a workplace incident that resulted in the injury or death of any person.

MOM refers to the Ministry of Manpower

Dangerous Occurrence is a serious workplace incident which no one is killed or injured. This

category of incident is reportable to MOM. Refer to Appendix I for the list of Dangerous

Occurrences.

Near Miss is a workplace incident with insignificant impact/ effect but has a potential of

causing injury or losses, including death to any person(s) if conditions were different or

allowed to progress.

Occupational Disease (please see Appendix II).

Corrective Action - Action to rectify the cause of an incident thus preventing their

reoccurrence.

Preventive Action - Action to rectify a root cause to a potential incident.


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Responsibilities It is the responsibility of Chair/HoD to ensure the implementation of the accident/ incident reporting and investigation procedures according to this SOP (and to initiate any accident/ incident investigation) soonest possible. It is the responsibility of Reporting Officer (RO)/Person-In-Charge (PIC) to investigate any accidents/incidents, implement recommended control measures, such as corrective and/or preventive measures and re-conduct risk assessments upon the occurrence of any workplace accidents/incidents. PICs are persons who are in charge of contractors working on site. It is the responsibility of School Safety committee to conduct incident investigation and Safety committee leader/Lab manager or representative to assist in the implementation of the incident reporting and investigation procedures. It is the responsibility of Office of Health and Safety (OHS) to submit incident report to the Ministry of Manpower, if necessary, and to ensure appropriate control measures are in place to mitigate the occurrence of the accident/ incident. OHS may be involved in the investigation, at the instruction of Chief Health and Safety Officer. It is the responsibility of all staff and students to report any accidents, near miss, dangerous

occurrence or occupational disease using the online Incident & Investigation Reporting Form (IIRF).

Cause is direct and obvious, proceed to produce investigation report indicating corrective actions plan and to review of risk assessment. Develop a new safe work procedure if applicable. Incidents that require formal investigation are considered to be major and are reportable to MOM. The following are the incidents which are reportable to MOM:

Accident leading to death; Dangerous occurrences; Occupational diseases; Injuries leading to more than 3 consecutive days of medical leave; Injured hospitalized for at least 24hrs; or Standard Operating Procedure on Workplace

Incident Investigation and Reporting Page 4 of 11 (NTU/OHS/SOP/5.4)

Any other incidents where have a severity of 3 and above as defined in the severity table stipulated in Standard Operating Procedure on Risk Management. Investigation report shall be submitted to OHS within 7 days after the occurrence of the incident. OHS will lodge an i-Report to MOM as required in WSH (Incident Investigation) Regulations within 10 days after the occurrence of the incident. 5.4 OHS will investigate the case with relevant parties, if necessary. 5.5 Accident/Incident involving contractors in NTU must be properly investigated and documented. The following are the actions for contractor accident/incident that occurred in NTU:

Site supervisor of contractor shall report to NTU Person-In-Charge immediately upon the occurrence;

School Safety committee (Safety committee leader/Lab manager or representative) is to conduct the accident/ incident investigation report;

NTU Persons-In-Charge will then file for IIRF and ensure the implementation of the corrective and preventive action(s) so determined; and

For reportable workplace injury cases, contractors shall report to MOM using i-Report through their own company. A copy of the i-Report shall be sent to NTU Person-In-Charge and OHS for record.


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19.2 Incident Reporting Scenario Example

Investigating & Reporting an Accident

When an Accident (No Fire) occurs …

Scenario What To Do Further Actions

No injury or minor injury which does not require the attention of medical practitioner.

Informs School Safety Officer/ Lab Safety Representative

Notifies lab manager or safety representative to submit Incident Investigation & Reporting Form (IIRF) within 24 hrs to OHS.

Serious injury which requires the attention of medical practitioner during office hours.

Safety Representative notifies School Safety Officer/ FIC/ HOD, who will then decide whether to send the injured to a clinic or hospital, or to call for an ambulance. School Safety Office notifies OHS immediately.

Notifies lab manager or safety representative to submit IIRF within 24 hours to OHS. School Safety Officer follow-up with an investigation report to OHS within a week.

Serious injury which requires the attention of medical practitioner after office hours.

Whoever is at the workplace may send the injured to any clinics or hospitals, or call for an ambulance, and notifies OHS immediately.

Notifies lab manager or safety representative to submit IIRF within 24 hours to OHS and follow-up with an investigation report to OHS within a week.

Injured is unconscious during office hours.

Informs Lab Safety Representative/ School Safety Officer/ FIC/ HOD for approval to contact medical practitioner or call for an ambulance, and notifies OHS immediately.


Injured is unconscious after office hours.

Whoever is at the workplace notifies Campus Security Division (CSD) immediately for assistance and notifies the Lab Safety Representative/ Lab Manager/ School Safety Officer/ FIC/ HOD and OHS immediately too.


Note: 1. OHS will investigate the case with relevant parties, if necessary. 2. OHS will lodge a report to MOM if the injured is given consecutively > 3 days of medical

leave or hospitalized for > 24 hours.


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Reporting a Dangerous Occurrence

When a Dangerous Occurrence happens …


During office hours. Safety Representative notifies School Safety Officer. School Safety Officer notifies OHS immediately to carry out investigation.

Notifies lab manager or safety representative to OHS within 24 hours. Safety Rep follow-up with an investigation report to OHS within a week.

After office hours. Whoever is at the workplace notifies Campus Security Division (CSD), Lab Safety Representative/ Lab Manager/ School Safety Officer/ FIC/ HOD and OHS immediately too.


Reporting an Occupational Disease

When an Occupational Disease is Diagnosed on the Injured by a Medical Doctor


Whether the injured is given medical leave or otherwise.

Injured to notify supervisor or reporting officer immediately.


20 Incident Investigation Report

School Safety committee (Safety committee leader/Lab manager/representative or reporter) will report to Office of Health & safety through online system (IIRF) within 24 hours and submit OHS incident investigation report with follow up action. OHS 24-hour Accident /Incident Reporting hotline (9235-1327)

21 Documentation All incidents reporting and investigation must be documented, and made available to management/supervisors to review risk assessment. Records of accidents/incidents must be kept at both school and department level for a minimum period of 6 years.


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Appendix I: List of Dangerous Occurrences reportable under the Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations applicable to NTU

1. Bursting of a revolving vessel, wheel, grindstone or grinding wheel moved by mechanical power;

2. Collapse or failure of any lifting equipment:

3. Lifting equipment refers to a crane, winch, hoist or appliance used to raise/ lower persons or

goods

4. The collapse or failure of any lifting equipment’s load-bearing part(s), other than the breakage of the chain or rope slings, is also deemed a dangerous occurrence

5. In addition to the above, any instance of a crane overturning will also be deemed a dangerous

occurrence

6. Explosion or fire in a room/place in which persons at work, resulting in damage to, the structure of the room/place; or any machine or plant in the room/ place. The explosion or fire must have been caused by the ignition of dust, gas, vapour or any substance that is/contains celluloid. The incident must also have resulted in the complete suspension of normal work in the room/place or stoppage of machinery/plant for at least 5 hours.

7. Electrical short circuit or failure of electrical machinery, plant or apparatus, resulting in

explosion, fire or structural damage and causing its stoppage for at least 5 hours.

8. Explosion or fire in a room in which persons are at work, resulting in the complete suspension of normal work in a room for at least 24 hours.

9. Explosion or failure of the structure of a steam boiler, receiver or container used to store (at

greater than atmospheric pressure):

10. Any gas(es) including air; or

11. Any liquid/solid resulting from the compression of gas(es).

12. Partial or complete collapse of:

13. A scaffold exceeding 15 metres in height

14. A suspended or hanging scaffold from which a person may fall more than 2 metres

15. Standard Operating Procedure on Workplace Incident Investigation and Reporting Page 6 of 11


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Appendix II: Occupational Diseases Occupational disease is any disease specified in the Second Schedule of the WSH Act. The examples of occupational diseases that may occur in NTU are: 1. Poisoning due to chemicals such as cyanide, benzene, cadmium, hydrogen sulphide or mercury 2. Diseases caused by ionizing radiation 3. Diseases caused by excessive heat 4. Compressed air illness or its sequelae, including dysbaric osteonecrosis 5. Noise-induced deafness 6. Occupational asthma 7. Occupational skin diseases 8. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb


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Annex F Accident and Incident Reporting

Refer to: NTU/OHS/SOP/5.4,CEE Emergency Response Plan & Safety manual Example IIRF on-line (Appendix IV) Website: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/Pages/default.aspx

Form is forwarded to the Principal Investigator /

Supervisor / Faculty in-charge / Safety Chairman for

acknowledgement

Lab Manager / Safety Representative will submit the IIRF on-line (Appendix

IV)

Accident / Incident

Notify Lab Manager / Safety Representative

OHS Receives Report

Accident / Incident Major

Complete incident Investigation &

Reporting (Appendix) within 24 hrs

Yes

No

Chair / HOD initiate Investigation Team

Investigation by Principal Investigator / Faculty in-

charge / Safety Chairman / Safety Resprentative OHS will

be present if necessary

Principal Investigator / Faculty in-charge, Safety Chairman /

Safety Representative will submit the investigation report,

review risk assessment, corrective actions plan and develop amend safe work

procedure Submit to OHS for closure and

review

Principal Investigator / Faculty in-charge, Safety Chairman /

Safety Representative to review risk assessment, corrective and preventive actions plan and develop

amend safe work procedure

End

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/Pages/default.aspx


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Page 72


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Office of Health & Safety – Investigation Report IIRF No.: _____________________ Date of Investigation: _____________________

Investigation Team

Team Leader

Team Members

Description of Accident/ Incident

Name of Injured Contact No. of Injured

Body Parts Injured Location where Accident/ Incident/ happened

Date & Time of Accident/ Incident/

Injury / Illness a. Happened in the workplace? (Yes / No) ____________________________________

b. Injury / illness is work-related? (Yes / No) ___________________________________

Property Damage (describe) ________________________________________________

Others (please specify) ____________________________________________________

1) Chronology of events:


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Investigation Findings:

2) Direct Cause of accident/ incident

3) Indirect cause of accident/ incident

4) Systemic lapse(s) (tick where applicable, may have more than 1 systemic lapse)

Lack of management or implementation of SOPs Lack of procedures or provisions Lack of training Lack of communication Lack of supervision and control Lack of knowledge Lack of PPE Lack of maintenance Substandard conditions (e.g. wear & tear & etc) Substandard actions (e.g. carelessness &

etc) Environmental issues (e.g. dim, noisy & etc) Others (please specify)


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Corrective Action Review:

S/No. Action To address (2) & (3) Date & Person Responsible

Preventive Action Review:

S/No. Action To address (4) Date & Person Responsible

Prepared by: _________________________________________ Designation: _________________________________________ Date: ___________________________


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22 PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM

All activities involving hot work, lifting operation, working at height (above 2m) and confined space need to apply permit to work except activities carried out on a regular basis may use standing approval (blanket approval) for the operation. Such safe work procedures shall be documented and ensure that safety hazards are assessed and precautionary measures taken are equivalent or exceeding this Standard Operating Procedure.

School appointed permit approver(s):

S/N Activity Appointed Permit Approver(s) Contact Number

1 Hot Work Operation Chelladurai Subasanran

6790 5337

2 Lifting Operations Chelladurai Subasanran Foo Shiang Kim Jee Kim Tian Vincent Heng Hiang Kim Yong Weng Choy

6790 5337 6790 6291 6790 6193 6790 5349 6790 6193

3 Working At Height Andy Koh Sun Weng Choi Siew Pheng David Tui Cheng Hoon Eric Low The Yong Eugene Tan Hiap Guan Foo Shiang Kim Ho Yaow Chan Lim-Tay Chew Wang Seat Miaw Cheng Vincent Heng Hiang Kim

6790 6172 6790 5260 6790 5337 6790 5261 6790 5310 6790 6291 6790 6193 6790 5351 6790 5347 6790 5349

4 Working in Confined Spaces N.A. N.A.

For detail information, please refer to Standard Operating Procedures at Office of Health & Safety’s website, http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/SOPs/Pages/default.aspx.

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ohs/SOPs/Pages/default.aspx


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23 CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT 23.1 Procedures

i. Prior to the award of contract, an assessment of the contractor’s safety performance shall

be conducted. ii. When the safety evaluation is conducted, the Person-In-Charge (PIC) may award the

contract to the successful contractor.

Appendix 1, 2,3 & 4

For detail information, please refer to Standard Operating Procedures on Contractor Management at Office of Health & Safety’s website, Ref: NTU/OHS/SOP/13.2 Date of issue: 16 May 2013 Next review date: 15 May 2015

24 Control of Documentation

All records of evaluation shall be kept under the SOP (Control of Records)

Ref: NTU/OHS/SOP/27.0 Date of issue: 25 June 2013 Next review date: 24 June 2015

25 CEE Statutory Equipment Administrator

Pressure Vessel (Boiler)

Cranes

Lifting Gears (LG)

Pressure Vessel (Air Receiver)

S/N Name Appointment /location Email

1 Heng Hiang Kim, Vincent Administrator [email protected]

2 Tan Han Khiang Env lab [email protected]

3 Chelladurai Subasanran Construction [email protected]

4 Heng Hiang Kim, Vincent Geotechnics workshop [email protected]

5 Foo Shiang kim Hydraulics [email protected]

6 Jee kim Tian Protective Engineering [email protected]

26 CEE Laser Equipment & End users Administrator

S/N Name Location Email

1 Foo Shiang kim Hydraulics [email protected]

2 Choi Siew Pheng T&G [email protected]

3 Maria Chong Ai Shing CESEL [email protected]

27 CEE Administrator (ionization and non-ionization equipment, including radioactivity and

ultrasound

S/N Name Location Email

1 Choi Siew Pheng T&G [email protected]

2 Lim-Tay Chew Wang Env [email protected]

3 Ong Chee Yung,Ton Env [email protected]

4 Maria Chong Ai Shing CESEL [email protected]















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28 Reference & useful link CEE Safety website menu

Safety Committee

Emergency Response Plan

Emergency Contacts

Safety Manuals

Waste Disposal

Checklist & forms

Safety video

Safety Training

Safety Issues

Authorization of facilities usage after office hour

Local Authorities

http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/AboutCEE/safety/Pages/Introduction.aspx

https://www.google.com.sg/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&sqi=2&ved=0CDwQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChamber_of_Local_Authorities&ei=IcBkUtrqCMyHkQWJjoCwBQ&usg=AFQjCNECBwaK7GrS3f48NnkOxwiXMJUWGA&bvm=bv.54934254,bs.1,d.dGI


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Annex J Correspondence between SS 506 Part 1: 2009, OSHAS 18001:2007 and 14 Elements of safety Management system.

SS 506 Part 1 : 2009 OSHAS 18001:2007 14 Elements of safety Management system Under NTU-CEE

-- Introduction -- Introduction 1 Safety policy & organisation

1 Scope 1 Scope 2 Safe work procedures

2 Normative references 2 Normative references 3 Safety training

3 Terms and definition 3 Terms and definition 4 Group meetings

4 OHS management system element

4 OHS management system element

5 Accident & incident investigation and analysis

4.1 General requirements 4.1 General requirements 6 In-house safety rules & regulations

4.2 OHS policy 4.2 OH&S policy 7 Safety promotion

4.3 Planning 4.3 Planning 8 Evaluation, selection and control of contractors

4.3.1 Hazards identification, risk assessment and determining controls

4.3.1 Hazards identification, risk assessment and determining controls

9 Safety inspection

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements

10 Maintenance regime

4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s) 4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s)

11 Hazard Analysis (Risk assessment)

4.4 Implementation and operation 4.4 Implementation and operation

12 Control of movement and Use of hazardous materials

4.4.1 Resources, roles responsibility, accountability and authority

4.4.1 Resources, roles responsibility, accountability and authority

13 Emergency preparedness

4.4.2 Competence, Training and awareness

4.4.2 Competence, Training and awareness

14 Occupational health programme

4.4.3 Communication, participation and consultation

4.4.3 Communication, participation and consultation

-- --

4.4.4 Documentation 4.4.4 Documentation -- --

4.4.5 Control of documents 4.4.5 Control of documents -- --

4.4.6 Operational Control 4.4.6 Operational Control -- --

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

-- --

4.5 Checking 4.5 Checking -- --

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring

-- --

4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance

-- --

4.5.3 Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action

------ ------- -- --

4.5.3.1 Incident investigation ------ -------- -- --

4.5.3.2 Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action

4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action

-- --

4.5.4 Control of records 4.5.4 Control of records -- --

4.5.5 Internal audit 4.5.5 Internal audit -- --

4.6 Management review 4.6 Management review -- --


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Annex k 14 SMS Element reference table under Directive, SOP & Guideline

S/N SMS Elements

1 Safety Policy

- NTU Workplace Safety Ownership Directive (110112)

2 Safe work practices

- SOP - Crane Lifting Operation (110112) - SOP - Hot Work Operation 7.1 final (130412) - SOP - LOTO (061011) - SOP - Working at Height 9.1 final (120412) - SOP - Working in Confined Spaces (110112) - GUIDE - Lone Working 18.1 final - GUIDE - Use of Cyanide 19 1 (final) - GUIDE - Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety 1.1 final (190412) - GUIDE - Proper Removal of Contaminated Gloves 2 (130412) - GUIDE - Permit-to-Work System for Hot Work Operation 22.0 final (080512) - GUIDE - Permit-to-Work System for Working at Height 23.0 final (240712) - GUIDE - Requirements for safe storage transportation use and disposal of

Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) 4.1 (final 260912) - GUIDE - Guideline on Using Electrical Plugs and Sockets in NTU (final 151112) - GUIDE - Handling and Working with Nanomaterials6 1 final (100113) - GUIDE - Guideline on Cleaners Performing Cleaning Duties in Laboratories (final

151112 ) - GUIDE - Safe Use of Ladders (final 260912) - GUIDE - Storage of Flammable Material in Laboratory 7.2 final - GUIDE - Flammable Liquid Safety Cabinets 8.1 (101212) - GUIDE - Transfer and Safe Transportation of Hazardous Substances between

Different Levels or between Buildings 26.0 final - GUIDE -Safe Handling and Disposal of Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) 3.1 final

(160412) - Guideline on Disposal of Laboratory Waste 10 1 final 1 (111212) - Guideline on Safe Use of Cryogenic Liquid 15.2 (final)

3 Safety Training

- University Safety Training and Communication Directive 4 .1 final - SOP - NTU WSH Training 16.1 final - GUIDE - Training Need Analysis - Safety Competency (061011)

4 Group Meetings

- SOP - TOR for WSH Committee Safety Officers and Safety Representatives (final 151112)

5 Incident Investigation

- SOP - Workplace Incident Investigation and Reporting (final 151112)

6 In-house safety rules

- University Smoking Directive 3.2 final (200213) - SOP - The Use of PPE 3.2 final (080512)

7 Safety Promotion


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8 Evaluation, Selection and Control of Contractors

- NTU Contractor Safety Handbook (final 311012) - SOP - Contractor Management 13.2 final

9 Safety Inspections

- SOP - NTU Audit and Safety Inspection 18.1 final (121212) - SOP - Corrective and Preventive Action Report 24.0 final

10 Maintenance Regime

- SOP - Maintenance of Equipment 15.1 final - SOP - Use and Maintenance of AED (final 060912) - GUIDE - Maintenance of First Aid Boxes (141011)

11 Hazard analysis (Risk assessment)

- SOP - Risk Management 4.3 final (200213)

12 Control of movement and use of hazardous chemicals

- University Hazardous Materials Safety Directive 2.3 (final) - NTU Chemical Safety Manual - SOP - CWC Chemicals 12.1 final (220313)

13 Emergency preparedness

- University Emergency Management Directive 1.2 final (100412) - SOP - TOR for Emergency Response Personnel 17.1 final (130412) - SOP - Emergency Evacuation 6.2 final (240712) - SOP on Provision of OFA and First-Aid Box 19.2 final (130412) - GUIDE - Handling Spills (Liquid Solids) final (100113) - GUIDE - Handling and Working with Nanomaterials6 1 final (100113)

14 Occupational health programmes (excluded for this audit)

- Occupational Health Directive 6.0 final - SOP - Chemical Exposure Monitoring 23 final (200213) - SOP - Immunisation Grid 28.0 final - SOP - Respiratory Protection Program 25.0 final - SOP - Workplace Noise Management (110112)


Page 82

Annex L Document Listing and Record Retention Period

S/No. Type of record Responsible Person (RP) Retention

Period

1 Audit reports and action/closure plan Auditors and Auditees 5 years

2 Calibration records for equipment used for performing safety and health monitoring

Equipment owner 2 years

3 Corrective/Preventive Action Report (C/PAR)

C/PAR Issuer 5 years

4 Document consultation records OHS 2 years

5 Emergency drill reports Drill organizer, ERT lead 2 years

6 e-tracking and consignment notes Person in-charge of filing e-tracking 5 years

7 External communications with Regulatory agencies on workplace safety and health issues

NTU responder 5 years

8 Fire safety certificate Area owner 10 years

9 IH monitoring reports for chemical exposure

Area owner 10 years

10 Incident investigation reports and follow up plan

Investigation team 6 years

11 Inspection reports and follow up closure

Inspection team 5 years

12 Maintenance records (PPE, equipment, emergency items)

Equipment owner or programme administrator

5 years

13 Management review records Management Representative (MR), include Department Management Representative (DMR)

2 years

14 Safety meeting minutes Secretary of safety committee 2 years

15 MOM i-Reporting and notification OHS 6 years

16 Objectives and programmes, include action plan

Safety Committee or Department Management Representative

2 years


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S/No. Type of record Responsible Person (RP) Retention

Period

17 Occupational health and surveillance records, include declarations

NTU appointed Occupational Physician

10 years

18

OHS MS Directives, SOPs, Guidelines, manuals, permit-to-work, checklists and forms - implementation records

Respective RP(s) 2 years

19 Regulatory inspections findings/reports

Auditee and Responder 5 years

20 Respirator fit test records Programme administrator 2 years

21 Risk Assessment records RA owners - uses WRAS 3 years

22 Safety alerts Programme administrator 2 years

23 School/Department communication records on safety and health matters

Safety Committee 3 years

24 Safety promotional activities Organizer 2 years

25 School/Department SWPs Safety Committee or specific area owner (e.g. lab manager, Principal Investigator)

2 years

26 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Chemical owner or appointed programme administrator

5 years

27 Statutory permits/licences Equipment owner or programme administrator

5 years

28 Training materials Trainer 5 years

29 Training records Trainer or programme administrator All current plus 6 years upon leaving NTU

30 CWC submissions to Authority Licensee 5 years