Cell Organelles

Structure and Function

Example:Mr. Boandl

• Structureo Made of bone wrapped in tons of muscleo Tall, 6 feet 1 inch

• Functiono To yell at kids so they keep working - To yell at kids after yelling at kids

Picture of Mr. Boandl

• Location -Whitehall High, D104Mr. Boandl on

his 15th birthday.

Mr. Boandl last year.

Cell Membrane• Structure: 

o made of a phospholid bilayero a wide variety of protiens

embedded in the bilayer • Function:

o  isolate the cell from its external environment

o regulates the flow into and out of the cell

o allows interactions with other cells

Picture of Cell Membrane

• Location: located around all of the organelles and the cytoplasm of the cell 

•  

Cell Wall

• Structure:o layer of material normally made of

cellulose or cellulose like material   • Function:

o to protect and support plant cells

Picture of Cell Wall

• Location: the cell wall is located on the outside of the cell membrane

Cytoplasm

• Structure:  -consists of water, salts, and various other

things. -consists of all the material inside the

plasma membrane and outside the DNA-containing region.

• Function: -metabolic reactions occur. 

Picture of Cytoplasm

• Location: -Inside the plasma membrane. Outside

the DNA-containing region. Found in plant and animal cells.

Nucleus

• Structure:o Bounded by a double outer membrane, containing chromatin and

nucleous, all within a nuclear envelope. The nucleus is coated with nuclear pores.

o Chromatin in the nucleus consists of DNA and its associated proteins, which are responsible for the genetic material inside the cell. 

• Function:o DNA in the nucleus contains information needed to construct the cell

and direct chemical reations necessary for life and reproduction (like the cells's "blueprints").

Picture of NucleusoLocation: Separate membrane-bound

structure in the center of the cell 

Nucleolus

• Structure:o Dark region within the nuclear envelope at the center of the nucleuso Made up of ribosomal RNA, proteins, ribosomes in various stages of

synthesis, and DNA.• Function:

o The site of ribosomal assembly, called ribosome synthesiso Ribosomes in the nucleolus synthesize thousands of proteins made

by the cell. 

Picture of Nucleolus

• Location: Inside the nuclear envelope, in the center of the nucleus

(and picture)

Ribosome

• Structure:

• Function:

Picture of Ribosomes

• Location:(and picture)

Microtubules and Microfilaments

• Structure:

• Function:

Picture of Microtubules and Microfilaments

• Location:(and picture)

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

• Structure:    a.series of interconnected membrane-enclosed tubes and channels    b. No ribosomes• Function:    a. major site of lipid synthesis    b. in liver cells- detoxifiles harmful drugs and metobolic by-products

Picture of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Location: Found in cytoplasm. Plant and animal cells

 

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Structure:• Numerous ribosomes stud the outside of the Rough E.R.• The E.R. is a series of interconnected membrane-enclosed

tubes and channels in the cytoplasm.

• Function:•  The Ribosomes on the rough E.R. synthesize proteins

including membrane proteins.•  Most of the membrane synthesized in the rough E.R. forms

new of replacement E.R. membrane.

Picture of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Location:•  The rough E.R. is in the cytoplasm right outside of the

nuclear envelope.• The rough ER is contained in both plant and animal

cells.

(and picture)

Golgi Apparatus

• Structure:o set of membrane sacs derived from the endoplasmic

reticulumo looks like smooth ER "squashed" in the middle so the ends

buldge out• Function:

o  seperates proteins and lipids recieved from the ER according to their destinations

o  modifies some moleculeso  packages materials into vesicles and exports them

Picture of Golgi Apparatus

• Location:o cytoplasmo found in both plant and animal cells

 

Lysosome• Structure: -a small, membranous vesicle. • Function -contains intracellular digestive enzymes

from golgi complex, and digests food particles and malfunctioning or defective organelles.

-fuses w/ food vacuoles and breaks down what's inside into amino acids, monosaccharides, etc.

Picture of Lysosome

• Location: -floating in the cytoplasm. -found in both plant and animal cells.

Mitochondria

• Structure:o Double membrane1.inner2.outer3. "lima bean" like shape4.ovalo inner • matrix: inner compartment• cristae: deep folds

• Function: •  uses ATP to convert food into energy for cells with

oxygen.

Picture of Mitochondria

• Location:o found in metabolically active cells, such

as muscles.  oboth plants and animals

•  discovered in1857

Chloroplast

• Structure:           a. it has a double membrane           b. in the inner membrane is semifluid  stroma in which the embeded stacks of sac is referred to as grana           c. individual sacs of grana are called thylakoids           d. about 1 to 5 micrometers in diameter           e. has its own set of DNA           f. contains outer and inner membrane which contain                    -stroma and thylokoid                    -channel interconnecting thylakoids                    -granum                        

 

 • Function

Chloroplast contd...

• Functions       a. photosynthesis- captures energy of sunlight and stores it in sugar        

Picture of Chloroplast• Location:

in the eukaryotic cells of plantsphotosynthetic protistsfound in plants

Discovered by RussianBotanist KonstantinMereschkowsky in 1905 

Vacuole

• Structure:     a. fluid-filled sacs surrounded by a single membrane     b. 2 different structures: contractile vaculoe in fresh water microorganisms and centeral vacuole found in plants• Function:

a.Store water, support and storage. Pump out water.     b. Contractile vacuole - takes up waterfrom the cytoplasm, contracts, then expels water out through pores.     c. Central vacuole - occupies most of the volume in plant cells and maintains water pressure.

Picture of Vacuole

• Location: found in plasma membrane. Plants and animals.

     animal vacuole