CELL ORGANELLES

• The human body contains many different organs, such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function. Cells also have a set of "little organs," called organelles, that are adapted and/or specialized for carrying out one or more vital functions.

Nucleus

• The cell nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It helps control eating, movement, and reproduction.

Membrane

• The membrane of a cell is like your skin in the fact that both are outer layers that control what goes into and out of the center of the object. The cell membrane controls what moves in and out of a cell and your skin controls what moves in and out of your body

Ribosomes

• Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. Calcium is like ribosomes because it builds protein into the bones and body

Mitochondria

• Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell.

• The process of creating cell energy is known as cellular respiration. They are organelles that act like a respiratory system Most of the chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria.

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. They can be described as the stomach of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:The ER is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane. Smooth ER plays different functions depending on the specific cell type including lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells, and control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction.

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "pebbled" by electron microscopy due to the presence of numerous ribosomes on its surface. Proteins synthesized on these ribosomes collect in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

• Golgi apparatus or Golgi bodies. These look like stacks of water-balloon-pancakes. They are sort of like the shipping and receiving department of the cell. Materials are received as vesicles unite with the Golgi apparatus, and sent elsewhere as other vesicles pinch off. Materials are temporarily stored in the Golgi bodies, and some further chemical reactions do take place there.

Centriole

• Centriole (animal cells only): Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. Microtubules (and centrioles) are part of the cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell centrosome, the two centrioles are arranged such that one is perpendicular to the other.

During animal cell division, the centrioles replicate (make new copies) and the centrosome divides.

Vacuole

Animal cell

Plant cell

• Vacuoles are found in all plant and fungi cells, and some primitive animal cells, protest and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are usually smaller in an animal cell and larger in a plant cell (80% of a mature plant cell). Vacuoles can be considered  compartments that contain water (contractile vacuole), food(food vacuole), proteins(vacuoles in seeds), inorganic ions, poisons(protection from predators) and metabolic waste and are usually specialised to contain some or a mix of the listed.

• Storage of cells.

SPECIAL ORGANELLES FOR PLANTS

Chloroplast

Cell Wall

• The cell wall is One of the most unique factor in a plant cell . The cell wall in a plant cell wall is comprised of mainly cellulose Micro fibrils and its main functions of a cell wall is for strength, protecting the cells insides; as well as for maintain the cells shape and preventing it from bursting.

• Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, this is what makes plants autotrophic.

• Protein Synthesis- the capturing of the suns radiant energy and storing it as chemical energy in the form of glucose.

• So, why are plants are green? W ell when we look at chloroplast we see that they are green; but what makes the chloroplast green? Well the pigment chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis absorbs Red and Blue reflecting Green making chloroplasts appear green.

go to this page, learn and practice

• http://quizlet.com/410483/cell-organelles-and-their-functions-flash-cards/

ORGANELLE LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION

cell walll plant, not animal *outer layer*rigid, strong, stiff*made of cellulose

*support (grow tall)*protection*allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell

Cell membrane

both plant/animal *plant - inside cell wall*animal - outer layer; cholesterol*selectively permeable

*support*protection*controls movement of materials in/out of cell*barrier between cell and its environment*maintains homeostasis

nucleus both plant/animal *large, oval *controls cell activities

nuclear membrane

both plant/animal *surrounds nucleus*selectively permeable

*Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus

cytoplasm both plant/animal *clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane

*supports /protects cell organelles

endoplasmicreticulum (E.R.)

both plant/animal *network of tubes or membranes

*carries materials through cell

ribosome both plant/animal *small bodies free or attached to E.R.

*produces proteins

mitochondrion

both plant/animal *bean-shaped with inner membranes

*breaks down sugar molecules into energy

vacuole plant - few/largeanimal - small

*fluid-filled sacs *store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food)

lysosome plant - uncommonanimal - common

*small, round, with a membrane

*breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules*digests old cell parts

chloroplast plant, not animal *green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment)

*uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)