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Cell Specialization
Histology PowerPoint
Remember...
Cell Tissue Organ Organ System
Histology is the study of tissue– Each tissue has a specific function
Four Types of Tissue
1. Connective– Connects different tissues, organs, and organ
systems
2. Muscle– Produces force and motion
3. Nervous– Controls body function and movement
4. Epithelial– Consists of layers that cover and protect
Connective Tissue-Proper and Specialized
Proper Connective Tissue
– Areolar (loose) CT– Dense CT– Elastic CT– Reticular CT– Adipose
Specialized Connective Tissue
– Blood– Bone– Cartilage
Areolar (loose) CT
Holds organs in place Lots of proteinaceous
fibers
Dense Regular CT
Ligaments and tendons– Ligaments- bone to bone– Tendons- muscle to
bone
Parallel orientation of fibers to resist tension in one direction
Dense Irregular CT
Skin, hollow organs, joints
Fibers run in numerous directions to resist tension in multiple directions
Elastic CT
Allows for stretching and recoil in muscles and arteries
Reticular CT
Supports delicate glands and organs
Adipose
Fat Cushion, insulation,
energy storage
Blood
Transport nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, etc. between systems
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Bone
Strong structural support
Cartilage
Three types- hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Mainly found in joints, also in ear, nose
“Soft” support and cushioning
Muscle Tissue-
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Skeletal Muscle
Voluntary motion Parallel striations Majority of muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Found only in heart Involuntary Branched striations
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary movement No striations Found in hollow organs
(intestines, blood vessels, etc.)
Nervous Tissue-
Neurons, Neuroglia
Neurons
Transmit impulses to communicate to body parts
Neuroglia
Support cells of the nervous system– Many types
Functions– Support, form myelin sheaths, signal
transmission
Epithelial
Classified by– Shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar– Stratification: simple, stratified,
pseudostratification Simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar Ciliated columnar Stratified squamous, cuboidal, columnar Pseudostratified Transitional
Simple Squamous Epithelium
One layer (simple) Irregular (squamous) Lining of cavities and
outer layer of skin
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
One layer Cube (cuboidal) Lining of ducts, glands,
urinary tract
Simple Columnar Epithelium
One layer Columns (columnar) Lining of stomach and
intestines
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Simple Columns Cilia (hair-like
projections) Respiratory system
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Multiple layers (stratified)
Irregular Areas of abrasion
(mouth, skin)
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Multiple layers Cube Line ducts and glands
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Multiple layers Columns Functions in secretion
and protection (uterus, urethra)
Transitional Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal to squamous Allows for stretching
and compression; only in urinary bladder