CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 7

The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

CELL THEORY states◦1. All living things are composed of cells◦2. Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things◦3. New cells are produced from living cells

Section 1 NOTES

1. Robert Hooke – viewed a thin slice of cork with an early compound microscope (1665)◦ Name them cells because of a monastery’s tiny

rooms.

2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek - observed tiny organisms in drops of pond water (1674)

The History of the Cell

3. Matthias Schleiden – Concludes that all plants are made of cells (1838)

4. Theodor Schwann – Based upon Schleiden’s work, concludes animals are living so all animals are also made up of cells (1839

History of the Cell

5. Rudolph Virchow – proposes that all cells come from existing cells completing the cell theory (1855)

6. Lynn Margulis ◦ Endosymbiont Theory – Prokaryotic organisms

(mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free living but began a symbiotic relationship with larger multi-cellular organisms. Contain their own DNA Have their own membranes Reproduce independent of cell

History of the Cell

Contain their own DNA Have their own membranes Reproduce independent of cell

Endosymbiotic Theory

What is a Light microscope?◦ Advantages/Disadvantages?

What is an Electron microscope?◦ Advantages/Disadvantages?

*** NEW TECHNOLOGY 1990s ***Scanning probe microscope – traces the surface of a sample.◦ Images of DNA, Protein molecules, and other

important biological structures

Studying the Structure and Movement of the Cell

Complete the Venn Diagram to compare the characteristics of a prokaryote and a eukaryote.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Both are living things

Both are surrounded by a cell membrane

Both contain DNA

What class of organic molecules is DNA?

What is its monomer? 3 Parts?What is the function of DNA?

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

1. Do not contain a nucleus 2. Smaller and simpler 3. DNA is free floating within the cell 4. Grow, reproduce, respond to environment

Some can move or swim

Example: bacteria

Prokaryotes

1. Contain a nucleus that contains DNA separate from rest of cell

2. Larger and more complex 3. Dozens of Highly specialized membranes

and structures 4. Single celled to large complex multi-

cellular organisms

Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and algae

Eukaryotes