Cell Structure and Function

Cell – Smallest unit that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life

Types of Cells

1. Prokaryotes

1. Eukaryotes

a. Animal Cells

b. Plant Cells

Human Cell

Organ = A group of tissues with one or a few functions : heart, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, skin, kidney, etc.)

-elle = small or tiny

Organelle = tiny organs

ORGANELLES

FOUND IN

BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT

CELLS

1. CELL MEMBRANE – “Security Guard” (sac around the cell)

• Semi-permeable - Controls what enters & leaves the cell

• Protects cell & holds cell together

Plasma Membrane

2. CYTOPLASM

(jelly-like material)• Supports cell parts

• Allows cell parts to move

3. NUCLEUS – “boss”

a. Control center of the cell

b. NUCLEOLUS» Controls cell reproduction and

makes ribosomes which make proteins

c. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

» Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

d. CHROMOSOMES» Contains the DNA/genes that direct

the making of proteins to make an organisms traits

» “colored bodies”

4. VACUOLES –

“storage” (bubbles)a. Storage of food and water, wastes and

enzymes

b. Animal cells have many small ones while plant cells have one large one

Plant Vacuole

5. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “bus” (highway)a. Transport system in the cell

b. Rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (none)

c. RIBOSOMES “workers” -Produce proteins for the cell

6. MITOCHONDRIA (powerhouse)

a. Converts stored food into energy for the cell to use.

7. GOLGI BODY – “packaging plant”

(post office)

a. Package & exports protein from the cell

• Hair, finger nails are good examples of these proteins

ORGANELLES

FOUND IN

ONLY

ANIMAL CELLS

ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

1. LYSOSOME “Clean up Crew”a. Contain enzymes thatDigest or gets

rid of worn out cell parts, bacteria or viruses

b. Found in carnivorous plants

2. CENTRIOLE• Small part of animal cell that helps in

cell division

•ORGANELLES FOUND IN

ONLY

PLANT CELLS

PLANT CELLS ONLY

1. CELL WALL (square)a. Made of Cellulose which makes

plant stiff

b. Supports plant and protects cell

2. CHLOROPLAST (green) “solar panels”a. Filled with the green pigment

chlorophyllb. Makes chemical energy in the form of

sugar from sunlight in the process called photosynthesis.

Plant Cell

Nuclearenvelope

Ribosome(attached)

Ribosome(free)

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Cell wall

CellMembrane

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Animal Cell

Centrioles

NucleolusNucleus

Nuclearenvelope

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Mitochondrion

CellMembrane

Ribosome(free)

Ribosome(attached)

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Centrioles

Cell membraneRibosomes

NucleusEndoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatusLysosomesVacuoles

MitochondriaCytoskeleton

Cell WallChloroplasts

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Cell membraneContain DNA

NucleusEndoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatusLysosomesVacuoles

MitochondriaCytoskeleton