Cell Structure and Function Exam

1. Which best describes a plasma (cell) membrane’s structure?

A. protein layerB. carbohydrate layer with embedded protein moleculesC. lipid bilayerD. carbohydrate-protein bilayer

2. Which statement correctly compares plant cells and animal cells?

A. Plant cells have no vacuole, but animal cells do.B. Plant cells have ribosomes, but animal cells do not.C. Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria.D. Neither plant cells nor animal cells have a nucleus

3. By definition, what is a prokaryote?

A. bacterial cell having no digestive systemB. bacterial cell having no excretory systemC. bacterial cell containing no true mitochondrionD. bacterial cell containing no true nucleus

4. In which situation would passive transport most likely be used to remove a substance from inside a cell?

A. when the substance is composed of positive ionsB. when the substance is composed of large protein moleculesC. when the concentration of the substance is lower outside the cell than inside the cellD. when the concentration of the substance is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

5. The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called

A. perforatedB. semi-permeableC. non-conductiveD. permeable

6. The plasma membrane of a cell consists of

A. protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane.B. two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane.C. lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers.D. protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails.

7. Which of these best completes this concept map? A. an animal cellB. a prokaryotic cellC. a virusD. a plant cell

8. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells

A. are much smaller.B. have permeable membranes.C. have a higher rate of reproduction.D. have nuclei.

9. Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes?

A. CytoskeletonB. Cell membraneC. LysosomeD. Golgi apparatus

10. A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of

A. lysosomesB. mitochondriaC. mRNAD. Golgi bodies

11. Proteins are synthesized in which numbered organelle?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

12. Glucose is broken down and ATP is synthesized in which numbered organelle?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

13. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. What organelles provide this needed energy?

A. vacuolesB. ribosomesC. chloroplastsD. mitochondria

14.What characteristic of the plasma membrane is illustrated in this drawing?

A selective permeabilityB phospholipid bilayerC fluid mosaic construction

D impermeability to water

15.On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?

A. chloroplasts and a cell wallB. ribosomes and vacuolesC. a nucleus and ribosomesD. a cell membrane and mitochondria

16. The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory.

Which of the following is part of the cell theory?

A. All cells contain the same organelles.B. All cells arise from carbon molecules.C. All living things are made of one or more cells.D. Cells are complex units of structure and function in organisms.

17. A cheetah, like those shown below at left, and a paramecium, like the one shown below at right, are both living things.

According to the cell theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

A. They are made of many cells.B. They are made of one or more cells.C. They come from the same kind of cell.D. They come from noncellular structures.

18. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. Which description represents the effects of osmosis on a plant cell when the concentration of sugar particles is greater inside the cell than outside?

A. Water diffuses into the cell, and the cell swells.B. Water diffuses out of the cell, and the cell shrinks.C. Water moves into and out of the cell at equal rates, and cell size remains the same.D. Water is blocked from moving into or out of the cell, and cell size remains the same.

19. Cells can have two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum (ER): smooth ER, which has no ribosomes, and rough ER, which has ribosomes embedded in its membrane.

What would happen if the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell of an organism lost all of its ribosomes?

A. ATP production in the cell would stop.B. Protein production in the organism would stop.C. Storage of proteins within the cell would increase.D. Proteins would no longer be exported from the cell.

20. The diagram below represents a cell in water. Explain why more water is moving out of the cell than into the cell.

A. The concentration of solute in the cell is higher than it is outside the cell.B. The concentration of water outside the cell is too great.C. The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell.D. The concentration of water inside the cell is greater than it is outside the cell.

21. The digestive system breaks down materials into substances the body can use. What structure inside the cell is most similar to the digestive system in humans?

A. cytoplasmB. lysosomeC. nucleolusD. ribosome

22. What type of organism might contain this type of cell?

A. algaeB. animalC. bacteriumD. plant

23. Cells may have different shapes and different amounts of organelles, depending on their function. Which features do plant cells have that animal cells lack?

A. chloroplast, ribosome, and cell wallB. Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, and vesicleC. cell wall, chloroplast, and central vacuoleD. central vacuole, chloroplast, and smooth ER

24. Proteins are used to enable movement, provide structure and support, and carry out important chemical reactions inside the body. What is needed in order for the human body to synthesize proteins?

A. a diet rich in amino acidsB. sufficient sunlight and waterC. 1,200 calories of nutrients per dayD. minerals and fats in sufficient amounts

25. Phospholipids are linear molecules with one polar end and one nonpolar end. How does this structure relate to their function in cell membranes?

A. The polar tails of phospholipids form the outside of the cell membrane.B. The nonpolar heads of phospholipids form the outside of the cell membrane.C. The polar heads of phospholipids combine to form the middle of the cell membrane, with the tails on the

outside.

D. The nonpolar tails of phospholipids combine to form the middle of the cell membrane, with the heads on the outside.