Paper 1 Revision Booklet

Name: …………………………………………………………

ContentsCell Structure.....................................................................................................................................2

Cell Division.......................................................................................................................................3

Stem Cells..........................................................................................................................................3

Transport in Cells.............................................................................................................................5

Osmosis Required Practical..........................................................................................................6

Communicable Diseases................................................................................................................8

Enzymes and Digestion................................................................................................................10

Investigating the Effect of pH on enzymes...............................................................................12

Heart Structure................................................................................................................................13

Non-Communicable Disease.......................................................................................................15

Respiration.......................................................................................................................................17

Plant Structure................................................................................................................................17

Photosynthesis Required Practical............................................................................................20

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Paper 1 Topics:- Cell Biology- Organisation- Infection and Response- Bioenergetics

Cell Structure Label the parts of the plant and animal cell. Circle the organelles which are only found in a plant cell.

Give the function of each of the organelles below:

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cell Wall

Permanent Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Label the structures of the prokaryotic cell below.

Use the diagrams above to give two differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

1.

2.

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A group of cells that work together to perform a similar function is called a ____________, such as the blood. A group of these make up an ____________, such as the heart.

Cell DivisionSort the statements below in to the correct column:

- Produces 4 genetically different cells

- Produces 2 genetically identical cells

- Important for growth and repair

- Important in reproduction

Mitosis Meiosis

Stem Cells

Give the definition of a stem cell:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Where are stem cells found in adults?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Where can meristem cells be found?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Give a reason for and a reason against using stem cells for research.

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Transport in CellsThere are different ways molecules can move in and out of a cell. Match the definition to the description:

Osmosis Passive movement of molecules from a high to low concentration.

Active Transport Movement of water from a dilute to more concentrated solution across a semi-permeable membrane

Diffusion Movement of molecules from a low to high concentration. Requires energy.

Explain how each of the following can impact the rate of diffusion (how quickly it occurs):

Distance:

The longer the distance for diffusion ………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

Concentration Gradient:

If the distance in concentration is greater then ………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Temperature:

As temperature increases the rate of diffusion ……………………… This is because

molecules have more ……………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Osmosis Required PracticalMethod

1. Cut a piece of potato (or carrot or any other vegetable!) and measure its mass2. Place in to a sugar solution3. Repeat step 1 and 2, making sure the potato is the same size, and place it in to

different concentrations of sugar solution, all of the same volume4. Leave for 24 hours and measure the mass again5. Work out the difference in mass and then work out percentage change

For the experiment that the student carried out:

What was the independent variable?

What was the dependent variable?

Suggest two control variables

Why did the student dry the potato chips before weighing them?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

umbers for the change in mass have a negative value.

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Suggest why the student should have calculated change in mass as a percentage instead of just change in mass.

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Suggest how the student could have calculated where the concentration in the potato was the same as the concentration of the solution.

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Communicable DiseasesA pathogen is any micro-organism which can cause disease. Examples of pathogens include bacteria, fungi, viruses and protists.

Match the name of the pathogen to the disease it causes.

Protist SalmonellaBacteria MeaslesVirus MalariaFungi Rose black spot

All of the diseases above are examples of c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ diseases. This means that they are infectious because they are caused by pathogens.

There are five ways which pathogens can spread:

1. Through contaminated _ _ _ _ _2. Through the _ _ _3. From another _ _ _ _ _ _4. Through uncooked _ _ _ _5. Through contact with _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Compare and contrast how bacteria and viruses act differently to make a person feel ill.

Bacteria Viruses

W _ _ _ _ blood cells are responsible for fighting infections. When they recognise a pathogen, they respond in three ways:

1.

2.

3.

Vaccines contain _________ or inactive pathogen. The body then produces a____________. This means that if the same pathogen re-enters, the body can produce the correct ______________ in a f_________ period of time and a greater q____________. Vaccines are the reason people can be i__________ to certain illnesses.

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Herd vaccinations are when a large portion of the population is vaccinated and can reduce the spread of a disease. Suggest why this is an advantage.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Traditionally, drugs and medicine were extracted from plants and micro-organisms. Match the name of the medicine to its original source.

Digitalis (heart drug) Mould Aspirin FoxglovePenicillin Willow tree bark

New medical drugs have to be tested to make sure they are safe and effective. Give the definition of the following key terms:

Toxicity

Efficacy

Dosage

Number the stages of drug testing in the correct order.

The drug is peer-reviewed and then licensed for use

The drug is tested on cells and tissues and computer simulations

The drug is tested on a small number of patients who have the illness

The number of patients the drug is tested on increases. Some patients might be given a placebo.The drug is tested on healthy volunteers.

The drug is tested on animals

Explain what the following terms mean, and why they are important in drug testing:

Placebo

Double-Blind

Peer-Review

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Enzymes and Digestion

Give the function of the following organs in the digestive system:

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Pancreas

Liver

Gallbladder

Enzymes are biological _______________________. This means they can speed up reactions without being used up in the process.

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There are three main digestive enzymes you need to know about. Complete the table below.

Enzyme Produced in Works on Produces

Amylase S_____ glandsS_____ IntestineP_________

Glucose

Lipase S______ intestineP__________

Lipids

Protease S_________S_____ IntestineP__________

Proteins

Enzymes function at an _____________ temperature or ph. If these are too high or too low, the enzyme becomes d_____________ which means the a_______ s_______ has lost its shape and is no longer complementary to the substrate.

Food Tests Required Practical You also need to know how to test for certain biological molecules such as glucose, lipids and proteins. Complete the following table:

Biological molecule Chemical used Positive test

Starch I____________

Glucose B____________

Lipids S________ III

Proteins Bi___________

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Investigating the Effect of pH on enzymesJust like temperature, pH can also affect the activity of an enzyme.

A student places 2cm3 of amylase in to test tubes that contain 2cm3 pH 4, 5, 6 and 7. She then places drops of the solution every 30 seconds in to wells on a spotting tile that contained starch and a chemical that detected the presence of starch.

What chemical could be used to test for the presence of starch? State the colour change.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

This practical used a continuous sampling method. This means that the same solution was used until the colour stopped changing.

For the experiment, identify the:

a) Independent variable (what was changed):

b) Dependent variable (what was measured):

c) Control variable(s) (what was kept the same):

The student tested the solution every 30 seconds. Why is this not accurate?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Suggest why simply looking at a colour change is not an accurate way of measuring the rate of enzyme activity.

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Heart Structure

Label the following diagram of the heart:

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Give two reasons the left hand side of the heart is thicker than the right:

1.

2.

What is the role of the coronary artery?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Match the type of blood vessel to its function:

Arteries Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Veins Allow for gas exchange to take place

Capillaries Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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Label what each blood vessel is supposed to be (an artery, vein or capillary):

How is each blood vessel adapted to its function?

Arteries: ………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Veins: ………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Capillaries: …………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Non-Communicable DiseaseWhat is the definition of a risk factor?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Give examples of three risk factors for cancer or heart disease:

1. …………………………………………………………

2. …………………………………………………………

3. …………………………………………………………

Heart Disease

In coronary heart disease, layers of ________ ____________ build up inside the artery, causing it to become n _ _ _ _ _ _ _. This means that the heart receives less o _ _ _ _ _ for r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

There are different treatments for heart disease. For each method, explain how it works and give an advantage and disadvantage.

Method How it works Advantage DisadvantageStents Keeps the artery

o _ _ _Can improve b _ _ _ _ f _ _ _

Risk of a c _ _ _ forming

Statins Reduce levels of c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Slows rate of d _ _ _ _ _ _ of fatty materials

Can cause damage to otherm _ _ _ _ _ _

Valves Restores normal b _ _ _ _ f _ _ _ and prevents backflow

Operation has high s _ _ _ _ _ _ rates

Do not last for a l _ _ _ t _ _ _Risk of c _ _ _ formation.

Heart transplant Replacing the heart in case of h _ _ _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ _

Improved q _ _ _ _ _ _ of l _ _ _.

R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ risk by the body

Valves in the h _ _ _ _, aorta and v _ _ _ _ ensure that blood can only flow in o _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

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When valves become faulty, they do not open as wide as they should which restricts how much blood flows through the heart. This means less blood then reaches the rest of the b _ _ _ causing increase in blood p _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In some serious causes fluid can also enter the l _ _ _ _.

Valves can also become faulty and not c _ _ _ _ properly. This allows blood to leak back from the v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in to the a _ _ _ _ _.

Cancer

There are two different types of tumours. Tumours which are contained in one area are described as ________ and do not invade other parts of the body. Cancerous tumours are described as being m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. They invade neighbouring t _ _ _ _ _ _ and spread to different parts of the body. This is called m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

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RespirationRespiration takes place in the m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and releases energy. The word equation for aerobic respiration is:

……………………….. + ………………………….. …………………… +

……………………… + ENERGY

Give the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration:

……………………….. + ………………………….. …………………… +

……………………… + ENERGY

During exercise, heart and breathing rate increase. Explain why in terms of respiration rate:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

When the body is not getting enough oxygen, it starts carrying out a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ respiration. The word equation for this is:

……………………………. ……………………………….. + ENERGY

Yeast also carry out anaerobic respiration. The word equation for this is:

……………………………. ……………………………… +

…………………………….….. + ENERGY

Give 2 ways in which the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast are useful to humans:

1.

2.

Plant StructureUse the words below to help you label the diagram of the structure of the leaf below. You can use labels more than once if required.

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Stomata Upper Epidermis Lower Epidermis Palisade cells

Guard cells Spongy mesophyll cells Waxy Cuticle Xylem

Phloem Vessel bundle Air space Mesophyll layer

Gas exchange

The function of the palisade cells is to carry out photosynthesis. Use the diagram above to explain how they are adapted to their function.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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The function of the spongy mesophyll cells is to allow for gas exchange. Use the diagram above to explain how they are adapted to their function

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The function of the xylem is to transport _____________ around the plants. The function of the phloem is to transport ______________________________ around the plant.

Below are some statements about the xylem or the phloem. Sort each statement in to the correct column of the table.

Dead, hollow cells with very few organelles Vessel cells joined to companion cells which contains lots of mitochondria for active

transport Cells are lined with a chemical called lignin Materials flow in both directions Cells are joined together with sieve plates to allow movement of cell sap Material flows in one direction only

Xylem Phloem

Below is an image of a root hair cell. Give two ways it is adapted to its function

1.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Root hair cells do not contain any chlorophyll. Suggest why.

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Photosynthesis Required PracticalGive the word and balanced symbol equations for photosynthesis:

Word equation

Symbol equation

Give the four reasons that plants need storage. You have been given some clues to help you:

1. To make c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for new cell walls for growth

2. For storage as s _ _ _ _ _

3. Make f _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ _ and glycerol for lipids

4. Make a _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ _ for proteins

Method

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A student set up apparatus to investigate the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis in the way shown above. The pondweed was placed in a solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate.

Why did the plant need a hydrogen carbonate source? (Hint: carbonate means it contains carbon and oxygen…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Suggest two things that the student should keep the same during the experiment.

1.

2.

There are two main problems with the method the student used. One is that the bubbles are all different sizes. Suggest one other problem with her experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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The teacher told her there was a better way of measuring the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following would be a better method? Circle one answer.

Measure the size of the bubbles instead

Measure the difference in mass of the pondweed before and after

Measure the volume of gas collected

Explain what is meant by the inverse square law when investigating the rate of photosynthesis.

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At 50cm there were no bubbles produced. The student said this is because light was a limiting factor to the rate of photosynthesis.

Explain what is meant by a limiting factor.

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Explain what the following graphs show about how the different limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis:

Light intensity: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Carbon dioxide concentration:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Temperature:

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