Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions

8/9/2019 Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions

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CELL TOWER

RADIATIONHAZARDS AND

SOLUTIONS

Prof. Girish KumarIIT Bombay

Tel: (022) 2576 [email protected]


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RF

R P C A

EMF S

R

R B

S

OLINE OF PEENAION


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RF SOURCES

IN INDIA

FM TOWER

(88108MH)PT=10KW 503 TOWERS

TV TOWER

(180220MH)PT=40KW 1044 TOWERS

AM TOWER

(5401600KH)PT=100 KW 197 TOWER

WF

(2.4 2.5 GH) PT=10100W WF HOT SPOTS

CELL TOWER

(800,900,1800MH)

PT=20 W 4.5 LAKH

TOWERS

MOBILE PHONES GSM1800 1 WGSM900 2 W

800+

F


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A C

:

• 869 890 MH (CDMA)

•935 960 MH (GSM900)

• 1805 1880 MH (GSM1800)

• 2110 2170 MH (3G)

C


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C I M


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P A


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People living within 50 to 300 meter radius are in

the high radiation zone (dark blue) and are more

prone to ill-effects of electromagnetic radiation

Propagation of "main beam“ from antenna mounted on a tower or roof top

P C A


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P C A

0 0

0 0

0

0

Very High

Very Low

Medium

High

High

Low

Very Low

Primary Lobe

Secondary Lobes

N: D


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Usha Kiran Building, Worli, MumbaiCASE STUDY

Six cancer cases in consecutive floors (5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 10th)

directly facing and at similar height as the mobile phone towers of

four telecom companies placed on the roof of opposite building.

Usha Kiran Building


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Operate at higher frequency

and lower power. Point-to-

point. Not very harmful

Operate at lower frequency

and higher power. Point tomulti-point. Very harmful

D

C D


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P P R

P = T W

G = G

R = D

P D C

W/2

×= 24 R

GPP t t d

π


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P D

D

()

P

(/2

)

P

(/2

)1 79.6 79,600,000

3 8.84 8,840,000

5 3.18 3,180,00010 0.796 796,000

50 0.0318 31,800

100 0.008 7,960500 0.000318 318

A .

F P = 20 W, G = 17 B = 50


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P D

D

()

P

(/2)

P

(/2)

1 1194.0 1194,000,000

3 126.0 126,000,000

5 47.7 47,700,000

10 11.94 11,940,000

50 0.477 477,000

100 0.1194 119,400500 0.00477 4,770

F P = 20 W, G = 17 B = 50N. = 5, N. = 3

F 5 3

, .


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International Exposure limits for RF fields (1800MHz)

9.2 W/m² ICNIRP and EU recommandation 1998 – Adopted in India

2 W/m² Exposure limit in Australia

1.2 W/m² Belgium (except Wallonia)0.5 W/m² Exposure Limit in Auckland, New Zealand

0.24 W/m² Exposure limit in CSSR, Belgium (Wallonia), Luxembourg

0.1 W/m² Exposure limit in Poland, China, Italy , Paris, Toronto Board of Health1999

0.095 W/m² Exposure limit in Switzerl, Italy in areas with duration > 4hours0.09 W/m² ECOLOG 1998 (Germany) Precaution recommendation only

0.025 W/m² Exposure limit in Italy in sensitive areas

0.02 W/m² Exposure limit in Russia (since 1970), Bulgaria, Hungary

0.001 W/m² "Precautionary limit" in Austria, Salzburg City only0.001 W/m² Bio-Initiative Working Group 2007) Precautionary recommendation – outdoor

0.0001 W/m² Bio-Initiative Working Group (2007) Precautionary recommendation - indoor

0.00001 W/m² BUND 2007 (Germany) Precaution recommendation only

0.00001W/m² New South Wales, Australia (2010)

I E G


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FCC G H F

C 50200 .

M PCS

ERP 100 . AERP 100

510 , .

I , ERP 10

.

://..//

I INDIA, 100 W

50, ERP = 5000 W


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•BI 2007 (610 )

1000 μW/2 , RF .

100 μW/2 , RF .

•B B I, G

. 1000 μ/2

O G


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India adopts ICNIRP guideline for Power density (Pd)

= Frequency /200, frequency is in MHz

ICNIRP has given following disclosure:

ICNIRP is only intended to protect the public against

short term gross heating effects and NOT against'biological' effects such as cancer and genetic damage

from long term low level microwave exposure from

mobile phones, masts and many other wireless devices.

http://ww.icnirp.de/documents/emfgdl.pdf

ICNIP G


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ICNIRP G A 940 MH, P

(P)

4.7W/

A = 1.43

P (P)

[P = P A = 6.75

W .

5'6"

34"

I ,

6.75 606024 = 583.2 K.

M : 700 1000 .

60% , 500 .

T

1166 = 19

M

I, /200, MH?

P A H B


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P

A 1, P = 79.6 W/

P = P .7 ( ) = 55.7 W

E 1 = 55.7 3600 = 200.5 W

C 1 4 ?

F 60 K,

70% 42 L. , . 20

F.I 4 , . 8 0F. N

98.4 106.4 0F. C ?

F P = 20 W, G = 17 B = 50


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P R P R :

F , P

= 20 W

T , G = 17.0 B = 50

R , G = 2 B =1.6

R R = 50 :

A 940 MH, P = 0.413 W = 3.8 B

A 1840 MH, P = 0.108 W = 9.7 B

P 31.8 W/2 = 31,800 W/2.

2

244

×××=××=

RGGP

R

AreaGPPr t t

t t

r

π λ

π

P A


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M

C R CDMA, GSM 900, and GSM 1800

Location

Reading in

dBm

Readings in

W/m2

Readings in

microW/m2

Delhi-Gurgaon Highway - near Toll (3 towers) 0 0.0706 70,686

Vashi Bridge - after Railway Station -4 0.0282 28,274Resident 1, 4th Fl: Sergean House Lady w/cancer -6 0.0177 17,756

Resident 2, Opposite roof, Rane Society, Powai -10 0.00706 7,069

Near Hub mall, Goregaon -10 0.00706 7,069

Gandhi Nagar Over railway bridge-near building -12 0.00446 4,460

Ustav Chowk, Kharghar -12 0.00446 4,460Vikroli - before Godrej -14 0.002814 2,814

Govandi- Residential towers - near Indian Oil -14 0.002814 2,814

Belapur Flyover, near RBI- CIDCO -16 0.001776 1,776

Vashi Highway – near Turbhe -18 0.001120 1,120

Nerul Bridge -20 0.000707 707Vivero pre School (opposite powai lake) -22 0.000446 446

Powai police station -22 0.000446 446

Rajeev Gandhi nagar -26 0.000177 177

On road near Evita (Hiranandani Building) -28 0.000112 112

D-Mart,Hiranandani, Powai -34 0.0000280 28IIT Bombay School of Management - Entrance -46 0.00000178 1.78


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SERGEANT HOUSE R (4 F) L

C 10

. M P

R M B, .

Entrance

-6

-6

-6 -6 -6

-10 -10

-12

-24

-4

-8

-18 -30-12-14

-4

-6

M A


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H G


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BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS


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M R

,

, , , , , .

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS


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M :

•

•H

•C

•F

•D

•F

M

•D

•P

•

•C

•B

•A

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS


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Epidemiological studies- Cell Phone Antennas

Studies in France, Israel, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Egypt and

Austria - all document adverse health effects below the FCC guideline.


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SPAIN

SPAIN

Incidents increased with proximity to towersWomen had more symptoms

Based on symptoms experiences: Cellular

phone base stations should not be sited closer

than 300 m to populations. (Santini R 2002)


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ISRAEL

Netanya, Irus – Medical Records (Wolf R et. al 2004)Four fold increased incidence of cancer within 350m

after long term exposure to a phone mast compared with

the general population of Israel.

10- fold increase specifically among women

ISRAEL


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GERMANY

Naila: (Eger H 2004, 2009)3-fold increase in new malignancies within

400m from a mast after five years exposure

Breast Cancer topped the list.

Cancers of the prostate, pancreas, bowel, skin

melanoma, lung and blood cancer increased.

Berlin - Head of cancer registry, 2006

7 fold increase in breast cancer

GERMANY

SWEDEN

250,000 Swedes are electro hypersensitive outof a population of 9,000,000.

One of the first countries where mobile

technology was introduced (approx. 15 years ago).

SWEDEN


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BRAZIL

May 17, 2011

Scientists found between 1996 and 2006 died in

Belo Horizonte a total of 4924 victims of cancer

types that may be caused by electromagneticradiation, such as tumors in the prostate, breast,

lung, kidneys and liver.

S: ://..//BN492428072011.

New study from Brazil: direct link to 4,924

cancer deaths from cellular antennas radiation

80% of victims lived within 500 m’s away from cell phoneantennas


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Increased cancer cases with proximity to Towers

INDIA

10 Housewives in Sher-e-Punjab Colony - Andheri (E),

Mumbai have been diagnosed with various forms of cancer6 - Breast Cancer cases, 1 - Ovarian Cancer , 1 - Blood Cancer,1 - Inguinal Lymph

Node Cancer, 1 - unknown – relapsed after chemotherapy


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E E

H ?

M , , .

4 GDT N

O

100% < 5% 2.5

.


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EFFEC OF CELL OE


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://..//.

EFFEC OF CELL OE


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A M

?

B ,

A

A

, , , , CNG, H , .

M

.

?

A M


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A M

? DO I M C


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DO IM C

INTERMINISTERIAL COMMITTEE (IMC) R ON EMF

RADIATION DOT J. 2011.

M

( 1227).

M B 2007 1000

W/2 RF (P 32).

Y RF I

1/10 , 0.92W/2

GSM1800 (P 33)


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NEWS COVERAGE


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A J C


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://../2011/06/.#

A J C

G

T

!

,

,

M H.

M D A K M EM


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M D A.K M EM

H A, M

M

L

( / 2 )H A J

C

85,000 / 2

R N,

O. G

H,

M H

M: 42,260 /2

M: 178 W/2

EM

HO 4,500,000 / 2.


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/

L

( / 2)

C

I G

ICNIP 98

4,700,000 E

19 /.IMC

J. 2011

4,70,000 H,

1000 W/2.

H A J C 85,000 T TERM

ICNIRP

O.

G H

42,260 C

.. ..

R

>10,000

>100

C C I

H, ,

, , D S I

S R D

100 F

( BI R 2007)


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U, E

I :100 ,


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?

II K C

T B P, M 15 2011, P 5


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M B


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M B

E M

B N


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W , 0.01 W/2,

.

T . T .

P

.

I 1 2 ,

0.001 W/2,

.

R

, , , .

B N (C)


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U

/ ,

, , , , . O

: P

H

( )

24

.

H ?


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L RF (. 1 2 W)

,

, , .

C R. 0.10

G.

C 1 2

.

H ?

C C 21


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P MB $ C

P I

?

C C 21

C

O O

O /

Children are the Future of Our Nation


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Children are the Future of Our Nation

D

? C

.


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Thank you

Documents

Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions