Cells and Organelles

Bio 1Period 7

February 11,2013

Cell MembraneThe cell membrane surrounds the cell. Unlike the cell wall, it determines what comes in and what comes out.

The cell membranes made up of a lipid bilayer that gives it a flexible structure that is also very strong to protect against the outside

Based on its protein make up, the membrane allows certain things through.

Cell Wall What protects the cell?

Cell Wall Protects

Animal vs. Plant Plant Cell Animal Cell

PLANT CELL HAS CELL WALL, BUT ANIMAL CELL DOESN’T

Cell Wall Cell Wall is pretty much the security protecting the girls from the bad guys inside the night club.

Cell Walls shapes, supports, and protects the cell.

The cell wall usually doesn’t allow stuff inside unless water, oxygen, CO2, and other substances.

The prokaryotes and eukaryotes do have them, but animal cells don’t.

The cell walls gives strength to plants for the protection from gravity.

Wood is all mostly cell walls.

Chloroplast Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

Plants and some other organisms contain chloroplast

Eukaryotic

Nucleus (continued)

The nucleus is a large membrane enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA.

This means that the nucleus holds the genetic information needed to make proteins.

The nucleus controls many of the cell’s activities.

Cells with a nucleus are eukaryotic.

Cells without a nucleus are prokaryotic.

The center of the nucleus is the nucleolus.

FunctionLysosomes breakdown lipids,

carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. The also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.

They are found in Eukaryotic cells mainly in animals but rarely plants.

LysosomesThey break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.

They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.

They form the vital function of removing “junk” which could clutter up the cell.

Serious human diseases can be traced to lysosomes that fail to function.

Found in plant and animal cells (eukaryotes).

Ribosomes.Ribosomes are organelles that consist of RNA and proteins. They are responsible for assembling the proteins of the cell.

Depending on the size of the cell and the number of proteins needed, ribosomes can number in millions.

A ribosome has two pieces. One is called 60-S and 40-S.

Ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells.

CytoskeletonFunction

• Helps the cell maintain its shape

1. Like beams that support a building

• Transports materials to different parts of the cell

1. Like factory conveyor belts

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic

• It’s a Eukaryotic

• Something similar to it is present in Prokaryotic

Cytoskeleton

By: Emily Weber

CentriolesBy: Gerard Hall

What are Centrioles?

Centrioles are located

near the nucleus and

help organize cell division.

They are organelles that

form from tubulins and

are not found in plant

cells.Because Centrioles are

found in animal cells,

Centrioles are eukaryotic

cells.

Pictures

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) BY: ESMERALDA RAMIREZ

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Function The endoplasmic reticulum is where the lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) is like a factory where many pieces are added together to make something bigger

Definition: endoplasmic reticulum is internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells

VacuolesBy Andrew Kowalewski

What is a vacuole?

Many cells contain large, saclike, membrane- enclosed structures called vacuoles.

Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

In many plant cells there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid. The pressure in the central vacuole in these cells increase there rigidity, making it possible for plants to support heavy structures, such as leaves and flowers. They are also found in unicellular organisms and in some animal cells.

NucleusJake Newbold

FunctionThe nucleus is the control center of the cell.

Contains nearly all the cells DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, but they do have DNA that contains the same kinds of instructions.

Eukaryotes enclose their DNA in nuclei.

Picture

Golgi ApperaratusJanae Leuthold

What the Golgi Apparatus does

The Golgi is like a “mail system”

The Golgi modifies, sorts and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.

The Golgi is both a prokaryote and a eukaryote

Golgi Apparatus