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Cells
Building blocks of
life!
Cell DiscoveryAnton van Leeuwenhoek
•Early 1600’s•Saw tiny organisms in pond water
Robert Hooke•1665•Saw tiny chambers in cork tissue•Termed the tiny chambers “cells”
Cell Theory• Three components:
1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.3. New cells are produced from existing
cells.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
•Smaller, simpler•NO nucleus•Bacteria•Meet characteristics of life•Include cytoplasm, ribosomes, & genetic material
•All contain Nuclei•Most contain organelles•Unicellular or multicellular organisms•Animal, Fungi, Protist, & Plant Cells
Cell Organelles
Make a “T-Chart” in your notes
For the cell organelles, make a “T-chart” in your notes by drawing a line down the middle of your paper.
Title the RIGHT side “Cell Organelle Names” Title the LEFT side “Functions/jobs”
Animal Cell Organelles
Centrioles
Microfilaments
Mitochondria
Microtubules
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus(Golgi Body) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plasma Membrane
Ribosomes
Rough EndoplasmicReticulum
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Plant Cell Organelles
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Microtubules
Golgi Apparatus
EndoplamicReticulum
Chloroplast
Plant Cell
-Protection and Boundary- “Skin” of the cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
•Stronger layer outside of cell membrane•Support & Protect•Found in Plants, some Protists, Fungi & Prokaryotes•Not found in animals
Centriole
Cytoplasm
•Helps organize microtubules during cell division.
•Located between cell membrane & nuclear membrane•Fills space in cell
Cytoplasm & Centriole
•Nucleus-Control Center-Contains DNA-3 Components
•Nuclear Pore-Hole in Nuclear Membrane-Allows materials in and out of nucleus
•Nucleolus-Makes ribosomes-”inner nucleus”
-Surrounds Nucleus-Protection, Boundary from Cytoplasm
•Nuclear Membrane
•Chromatin-Genetic material made of DNA & proteins-coils up to be chromosomes-in nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes•made of RNA & proteins•Assembled in nucleolus•Make proteins
•Internal membrane system•Assembles components (lipids) of the cell membrane (Smooth ER)•Modifies proteins (Rough ER)
•Golgi Apparatus
-Stores and moves productsmade in the ER (ie. Proteins)
•Stores enzymes to digests fats, carbs, & proteins•Breaks down old cell parts
Lysosome
•Primarily found in Plants•Sac-like structure•Stores water and products•Tiny vacuoles (called vesicles) are found in animal cells
Vacuole
-Contains Chlorophyll-Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make food aka. photosynthesis
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesisFound in plants & some protists.
Mitochondria
•Converts food molecules into energy (the “powerhouse”)•does process of cellular respiration•Found in PLANTS & animals•Contain their own DNA (inherit from Mom).