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Cells
Part I
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Cell Theory Statements
Schleiden SchwannVirchow
Cells are the basic unit of organization in all living things
All living things are camposed of one or more cells
All cells arise from pre-exsiting cells
Cell Types
• Two cell types that exist– Prokaryotes: unicellular– Eukaryotes: multicellular
Prokaryotes
• Single celled organism
• No true nucleus
• Does contain genetic information
• No membrane bound structures
• Bacteria
Eukaryotes
• Cell contains a true nuclues
• Does contain membrane bound structures
• Found in multi-cellular organisms
Unicellular vs Multicellular
One celled
Bacteria
No cell structures
SIMPLEORGANISM
Multi-celled
Plants, animals
Contains specialized structures
COMPLEX ORGANISM
THEY BOTH CAN CARRY OUT THEIR LIFE FUNCTIONS DEPENDING ON THE ORGANISM
PROKARYOTES-UNICELLULAREUKARYOTES-MULTICELLULAR
Levels of Organization
organism
Organ sytem
organ
cell
tissue
Cell organelles- plant vs animal
Nucleus
• Control center for the cell
• Contains genetic information DNA/RNA wrapped within chromosomes
• Present in both plants and animal cell
Nucleolus
• Granular structure located inside the nucleus
• Contains RNA and proteins
• Produces ribosomes for the cell
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
• Surrounds the cell
• Allows the movement of certain material into and out of the cell (semi-permeable)
• Composed of layers
• Found in animal and plant
Cytoplasm
• Liquid substance composed of water, salts, enzymes, organic molecules
• Allows for movement of materials through the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
• Comes in two varietiesSmooth- transports fats through cell
Rough-transports proteins through cell.Rough because of ribosomes on surface
Ribosomes
• Synthesize proteins for the cell
• Found throughout cell and on rough ER
Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Generates energy (ATP) for cell function through cell respiration
• Found in plants and animal cell
Golgi apparatus
• Sometimes called Golgi bodies
• Processes the synthesized proteins and fats
• Found in plants and animals
Vacuoles
• Storage sites for water and minerals
• Plant cell has a larger vacuole than animal cell
• WHY?
Lysosomes
• Clean the cell of debris or broken down cell material
• THINK OF LYSOL
• Only found in eukaryotic cells
Centrioles
• Found only in animal cells. Not found in all plant
• Used in cell replication and division
Cilia
• Short hairlike projections
• Used to aid in movement of certain cells
(cells lining your trachea, paramecium)
• Not found in eukaryotic plant cells
Flagella (um)
• Whiplike structure in some cells that aid in movement ( protist-euglena, sperm cell)
• Not found in plants
Cell Wall
• Found only in plant cells
• Allows the cell to be rigid
• Made of cellulose
• Give the cell its shape
Chloroplast
• Found only in plant cells
• Site of photosynthesis (plant makes its own food)
• Chloroplasts have a chemical called chlorophyll give a plant their green color. Chlorophyll A and B get activated for photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton• A network of protein fibers that
provides support and shape to the eukaryotic cell. Helps to allow cells move as well– Made up of 3 types of fibers:
• Microtubules helps to maintain shape, and assists in cell division
• Intermediate filaments gives the cell strength
• Microfilaments enables cells to move and divide when necessary. Muscle cells have a lot of these for contraction and relaxation of muscles.