CELLSCELLS

The Introductory level of CellsThe Introductory level of Cells

ByBy

Mr. HulscherMr. Hulscher

Goals and ObjectivesGoals and Objectives

Understand the function of the cellUnderstand the function of the cell Explain the two main basic types of cellsExplain the two main basic types of cells Distinguish among the scientistsDistinguish among the scientists Describe organelles of the cell Describe organelles of the cell Relate the difference between plant and Relate the difference between plant and

animal cellsanimal cells

OUTLOOK & REVIEW!!!OUTLOOK & REVIEW!!!

Understand the function of the cellUnderstand the function of the cell Explain the two main basic types of Explain the two main basic types of

cellscells Distinguish among the scientistsDistinguish among the scientists Describe organelles of the cell Describe organelles of the cell Relate the difference between plant and Relate the difference between plant and

animal cellsanimal cells

CellsCells(basic unit of a living organism)(basic unit of a living organism)

Carry out the Carry out the functions within the functions within the systemsystem

Nerve, White BC, Nerve, White BC, RBC, muscle, RBC, muscle, epithelial, etc.epithelial, etc.

1000’s of different 1000’s of different types of cellstypes of cells

Main types of CellsMain types of Cells

EukaryoteEukaryote– Multicellular Multicellular

organisms (mainly)organisms (mainly)– Membrane bound Membrane bound

structuresstructures– Includes some Includes some

unicellular (yeast and unicellular (yeast and algae)algae)

– All animals (you)All animals (you)– Most plantsMost plants

ProkaryoteProkaryote– Unicellular Unicellular

organismsorganisms

– No membrane No membrane boundbound

– Example: bacteriaExample: bacteria

THE DISCOVERY OF CELLSTHE DISCOVERY OF CELLS

T. Schwann

Robert Hooke

M. Schleiden

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

THE DISCOVERY OF CELLSTHE DISCOVERY OF CELLS

T. Schwann

Robert Hooke

M. Schleiden

Anton Von Leuowonhook

THE DISCOVERY OF CELLSTHE DISCOVERY OF CELLS

Discovered the first microscope (simple light microscope)

Compound light microscope - uses more than one lens - mainly used today by us

THE DISCOVERY OF CELLSTHE DISCOVERY OF CELLS

Discovered the first CELL

- in cork (dead cells)- named cells for the rooms monks live in

THE DISCOVERY OF CELLSTHE DISCOVERY OF CELLS

Discovered the first CELL

- in PLANTS- helped with CELL THEORY

THE DISCOVERY OF CELLSTHE DISCOVERY OF CELLS

Discovered the first CELL

- in ANIMALS- helped with CELL THEORY

Cell TheoryCell Theory(as developed by Schleiden and Schwann)(as developed by Schleiden and Schwann)

1)1) All organisms are composed of one or All organisms are composed of one or more cellsmore cells

2)2) A cell is a basic unit of organization A cell is a basic unit of organization of all organismsof all organisms

3)3) All cells come from pre-existing cellsAll cells come from pre-existing cells

Cellular ComponentsCellular Components

CytoplasmCytoplasm NucleusNucleus Plasma MePlasma Membranembrane

Assigned Assigned terms.terms.

NucleolusNucleolus Cell WallCell Wall

ASSIGNED TERMSASSIGNED TERMS

Rough “ER” and Smooth “ER”Rough “ER” and Smooth “ER” ChromatinChromatin Fluid Mosaic ModelFluid Mosaic Model Phospholipid bi-layer and PhosolipidsPhospholipid bi-layer and Phosolipids Transport ProteinsTransport Proteins Explain 2 other types of MicroscopesExplain 2 other types of Microscopes OrganellesOrganelles

Fluid of the CellFluid of the Cell

The main component of organisms is The main component of organisms is water, this would be the cytoplasm. water, this would be the cytoplasm.

“Brain of the cell”“Brain of the cell”

Contains the blueprints of the Contains the blueprints of the activitiesactivities

““Hard drive or CPU of the computer”Hard drive or CPU of the computer”

“Prison wall”“Prison wall”

Allows Allows certaincertain things in and certain things in and certain things out.things out.

Selective permeability - allowing Selective permeability - allowing certain things in while blocking other certain things in while blocking other things, helps to maintain homeostasis things, helps to maintain homeostasis

(balance in the environment)(balance in the environment)““screen window”screen window”

“Rigid structure or wall”“Rigid structure or wall”

Allows anything in and out.Allows anything in and out.

Found only in plants.Found only in plants.

Contains cellulose.Contains cellulose.

The core of the Nucleus!The core of the Nucleus!

Helps make ribosome's.Helps make ribosome's.

RIBOSOMES - make proteins and RIBOSOMES - make proteins and enzymes with specific functions enzymes with specific functions

according to DNAaccording to DNA

ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT, ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT, STORAGESTORAGE

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum– ““factory” where the work area isfactory” where the work area is

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus– ““packaging” gets the proteins readypackaging” gets the proteins ready

VacuolesVacuoles– ““storage” enzymes, food, and cell materialsstorage” enzymes, food, and cell materials

LysosomesLysosomes– ““recycler” digests worn out or extra organelles, recycler” digests worn out or extra organelles,

food, and viruses or bacteriafood, and viruses or bacteria

Energy, Structure, & MovementEnergy, Structure, & Movement

MitochondriaMitochondria FlagellumFlagellum CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

ChloroplastsChloroplasts CiliaCiliaAssignment Assignment

AA

Assignment AAssignment A

PLASTIDS:PLASTIDS:

UPTO ________ IS THE NUMBER UPTO ________ IS THE NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA LIVER OF MITOCHONDRIA LIVER CELLS MAY HAVE.CELLS MAY HAVE.

““POWERHOUSE”POWERHOUSE”

Transforms energy for the cellTransforms energy for the cell

Where the cell gets its energyWhere the cell gets its energy

““GIVES THE SHELL SHAPE”GIVES THE SHELL SHAPE”

Provides shape for the cellProvides shape for the cell““tent poles”tent poles”

Microfilaments - solid protein Microfilaments - solid protein fibersfibers

Microtubules - hollow protein Microtubules - hollow protein fibers (both help give cell shape)fibers (both help give cell shape)

Converts light energy into mechanicalConverts light energy into mechanical Contains chlorophyllContains chlorophyll

– CHLOROPHYLL - gives plants their CHLOROPHYLL - gives plants their green colorgreen color

Of The GENERATOR

Tiny hair-like particles used for Tiny hair-like particles used for cellular movementcellular movement

Usually numerous (hundred’s)Usually numerous (hundred’s)

Tail-like structure used for Tail-like structure used for cellular movementcellular movement

Uses a whip-like motionUses a whip-like motion

Usually one or very fewUsually one or very few

Main Differences between Plants Main Differences between Plants and Animal Cellsand Animal Cells

Cell WallCell Wall (PLANTS)(PLANTS)

VacuolesVacuoles (PLANTS) (PLANTS)

ChromatinChromatin (PLANTS)(PLANTS)– ChlorophyllChlorophyll

The END!!!The END!!!Study, I worked hard on this for Study, I worked hard on this for

YOU!!!YOU!!!