Cement Final

8/6/2019 Cement Final

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BACKGROUND

CEMENT

Roman ColosseumThe Pantheon Stand

The word "cement" traces to the Roman Empire,; opus

caementicium


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WHAT IS CEMENT?

Cement is a fine, soft, powdery-type

substance.

It is made from a mixture of elements that

are found in natural materials such as

limestone, clay, sand and/or shale.

it is a substance that sets and hardens

independently, and can bind othermaterials together.

FOUR ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS ARE NEEDED

TO MAKE CEMENT

Calcium limestone

Silicon sand/clay

Aluminum and Iron bauxite

and iron ore


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CONCRETE

Basically a mixture of aggregates and

paste. The aggregates are sand and gravel

or crushed stone; the paste is water and

Portland cement.

By the process of hydration (reaction with

water) Portland cement mixed with sand

gravel and water produces the synthetic

rock we call concrete.


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TYPES OF MODERN CEMENT

PORTLAND CEMENT the type of cement used in virtually all concrete.

This Cement is made by heating limestone with small quantities ofother materials (such as clay) to 1450 C in a kiln, in a process

known as calcination

Application

Most of the time you see Portland cement

for the purpose of construction.

From the construction of buildings to

bridges, airports to over-passes, the

applications for Portland cement are

enormous.


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HYDRAULIC CEMENT

Refers to any cement that will set and harden after

being combined with water.

Hydraulic cement contains several ingredients that

are not present in the ordinary Portland cement.

These compounds are added to facilitate hardening

of the cement that ensures effective repair of leaks.

APPLICATION

Ideal for brick buildings in wet climates,

harbor structures that are in contact with

sea water, and many other applications.

Six different types of hydraulic cement:

Type GU: General UseType HE: High Early Strength

Type HS: High Sulfate Resistance tricalcium

aluminate.

Type MS: Moderate Sulfate Resistance

Type LH: Low Heat of Hydration

Type MH: Moderate Heat of Hydration


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Blended cement is also hydraulic cement and is made by mixing

two or more materials. Usually the primary materials used in

blended cement are Portland cement and slag cement.

Slag Cement

usually consists of a mixture of silicates with calcium, phosphorus,

sulphur, etc.

improves the quality and consistency of the cement.

environmentally friendly

Two main types of blended cement

Type IS (X): Portland blast furnace slag cement

Type IP (X): Portrland-pozzolan cement

The X represents the amount of the second material that is in

the mixture.


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CEMENT INDUSTRY IN THE

WORLD

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS


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1,800 million tones

production of hydrauliccement

Top three producers

CHINA- 704 million tonesINDIA- 100 million tones

USA- 91 million tones

Environmental Impacts

Emissions of airborne pollution

in the form of dust, gasesNoise and vibration when

operating machinery and during

blasting in quarries

Damage to countryside from

quarrying


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Dec. 3 2010

LAUNCH

World cement to 2015

Analysis of Production, Consumption & Trade for Individual Countries:

Aim: to examines the current and historical development of cement

supply/demand country-by-country throughout the world, and analyses the

potential levels of cement supply & demand in designated countries throughoutthe period to 2015.

The cement industry has contributed a lot to the social progress. China is a

large cement producer and consumer in the world and boasts its self-

developed new-type dry method technology of cement production.


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Researchers at Germanys Karlsruhe Institute for

Technology

Produce a new kind of cement called CelitementThis new cement developed by KIT researchers can be

produced at far lower temperatures and with less lime than

conventional cement. It has the potential to save 50% of the

energy used during manufacturing.

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Cement Final