Census 2020: Make it count!APA INDIANA STATE CONFERENCE

OCTOBER 11, 2019

Community Research Institute•Founded in 1982

•Housed within Public Policy Department

•Focus on workforce and economic development, local government, public health, non-profits

•Quantitative and qualitative contract-based research services

Disclaimer

I’m a lawyer, but I’m not

YOUR lawyer

CCounting everyone once, only once, and in the right place

Constitutional requirementArt. 1 Sec 2: The actual Enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten YearsDepartment of Commerce v. United States House of Representatives, 525 US 316 (1999)Holding: Statistical sample to remedy undercount of certain populations in place of true headcount violates Census Act

Census history, legal protectionsFirst census 1790 and held every decade thereafter

Title 13: No identifiable information from census forms can be released, including law enforcement; all data only used for statistical purposes

72-year rule: All records released from that census1950 census data to be released in 2022

How Census data are used

Legislative redistrictingCongressional reapportionment

Statistical backbone for other Census Bureau products

Federal funding allocated by population

$800 billion at stake

Population-based fundingMedicaid, CHIPSNAP, WICHead StartSection 8 housing choice vouchersChildcare vouchersState Councils on Developmental Disabilities

Title 1, special education grants to schoolsNational School Lunch programHealth Center programsFederal foster care programVocational Rehabilitation state grants

Census 2020 timelineCurrently: Area census offices open across countryJanuary 2020: Population count starts in remote AlaskaMarch 12, 2020: Internet self-response opensApril 1, 2020: Official census day (Wednesday)

Count where you are living on this dayAll addresses should receive their census information by this date

April 2020: Census takers visit “group quarters” More on upcoming slide

Census 2020 timeline continuedMay 2020: Door knocking to those who have not responded

July 31, 2020: Self-response period ends

December 2020: Census delivers apportionment counts to President, Congress

March 31, 2021: Redistricting counts to states

Group quarters, service-based enumerationGROUP QUARTERSGroup homes

Skilled-nursing facilities (nursing homes)

Student housing, including residence halls, sorority/fraternity houses

Correctional institutions (jails, prisons)

Residential treatment facilities

Religious group living quarters

In-patient hospice facilities

SERVICE-BASEDEmergency, transitional overnight shelters for people experiencing homelessness

Includes hotels, motels used for long-term housing

Regularly scheduled mobile food vans

Targeted non-sheltered outdoor locations

Soup kitchens

Census 2020 questionsApplies to all people regardless of citizenship, legal statusNumber of people living in the house on April 1, 2010

Living and sleeping there “most of the time”

Whether home is owned or rentedSex of each personAge of each personRace, ethnicity of each personRelationships of people living within the home

More clearly identify same-sex couples

Will not ask for:• Social Security Number• Money, bank account information• Anything on behalf of political

parties

Census 2020 response optionsThree ways:

1. By mail (print surveys in English, Spanish)

2. By phone

3. Online, including smartphones and tablets

Online response languagesAvailable in 13 languages:

1. Arabic

2. Chinese (simplified)

3. English

4. French

5. Haitian Creole

6. Japanese

7. Korean

8. Polish

9. Portuguese

10.Russian

11.Spanish

12.Tagalog

13.VietnamesePhone adds Mandarin,

Cantonese, TDD

Census Bureau language guidesAvailable in 59 non-English languages:Albanian, American Sign Language, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Burmese, Chinese, Creole, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Farsi, French, German, Gujurati, Greek, Haitian, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Igbo, Ilocano, Indonesia, Italian, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Lithuanian, Malayalam, Marathi, Navajo, Nepali, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Sinhala, Slovak, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Tagalog, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Tigrinya, Turkish, Twi, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese, Yiddish, Yorub

Languages spoken in your communityACS data: Table B16001

Small populations subject to large margins of error

Local schools’ language minority population dataNot listed on DOE Compass, reach out to school corporation

Internet access and Census 2020First time for online decennial census responses

About 20% of Indiana households do NOT have high speed internet access at home (includes smartphones)

Online responses with ID code or by address

Smartphone, tablet friendly interface

Can still call or mail response

How to count special populationsCollege students: Count where they live or sleep most of the time, even if visiting home that day; includes international students

Studying abroad this semester? Don’t count in 2020 census

Hospital patients: Count at residence, including newborn babiesNursing homes, long-term care:: Count at care facility

Special populations continuedIncarcerated persons: Count full population on April 1Homeless shelters: Count whomever living there April 1Military personnel housed at military installations: Make sure barracks, other group quarters counted Temporary overseas deployment: Usual home address in United StatesChildren who split time between homes: Where living April 1

Hard-to-count census tractsWho doesn’t mail in their forms (or call) (or go online)…

82.2% of Indiana’s households mailed back questionnaire in 2010

Leaving 17.8% as hard to count

About 7% of Indiana’s

population lives in HTC tracts

Maps, shapefiles at Censushardtocount2020.us

Indiana’s HTC tracts in urban, university counties

HTC framework

•Highly mobile•Homelessness•Physical barriers like

gated communities

•Suspicious of government

•Low levels of civic engagement

•Certain housing units •Persons wanting to

remain hidden

•Language barriers•Low literacy•Lack of internet

access

Hard to interview

Hard to locate

Hard to contact

Hard to persuade

Populations at risk of undercountRacial, ethnic minoritiesPeople who do not speak fluent EnglishLow-income householdsHomelessNon-citizens without legal statusPeople with disabilities

Young mobile adultsThose living in nontraditional housingChildrenPeople who are angry at, distrust governmentLower educational attainmentLGBTQ populations

Children under 5Highest net undercount of any age group in Census 2010

4.6% or 2.2 million childrenHigher undercount for black, Hispanic children Continues to get worse over time

Why?Significant share in HTC tractsLive in large, complex households

25% in households of 6 or more40% live in complex householdsIndiana: 9.4% of 420,939 Hoosiers

under 5 live in HTC census tracts

Low-income households, rentersChallenges:

Tend to be rentersMultiunit buildingsTransient living arrangementsOften people of colorLower educational attainmentLower rates of internet access at homeLack of administrative data

Black, African-American populationsHistorically undercounted population, especially for children and men

Significant share live in HTC census tracts

Higher rates of poverty

Larger share of “housing insecure” populations than nation as a whole

Indiana: 25.5% of 678,881 black or African-American Hoosiers live in HTC census tracts

Hispanic, Latino populationsOne of the fastest growing populations

Large numbers of young children

Multifactoral challenges for accurate count:

Language barrierPovertyLower educational attainmentImmigration status

Indiana: 22% of 421,206 Hispanic/Latino Hoosiers live in HTC census tracts

Local efforts: Complete Count CommitteesUse local knowledge, influence, resources for targeted outreach efforts

Coordinate local efforts across disciplines

Still time to form CCC for Census 2020

Statewide CCC: Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch leading Indiana’s CCC

Potential community partners for CCCLocal schools

Social service agencies serving historically undercounted populations

Libraries

Universities, colleges

Chamber of commerce

Faith-based organizations

City, county government

Township government

Media representatives

Housing representatives

Look for people, organizations with relationships, trust with

HTC populations

Census 2020 informationhttps://www.2020census.gov/partners

http://www.censushardtocountmaps2020.us/

http://www.census.indiana.edu/ccc/local.html

http://www.georgetownpoverty.org/issues/democracy/census/

https://censuscounts.org/

Questions?

Community Research InstituteRachel Blakeman, J.D.

200 E. Main St. Suite 910

Fort Wayne, IN 46802

Rachel.Blakeman@pfw.edu

(260) 481-0274

https://www.pfw.edu/cri