Census of Urban Morphology: Recent Developments and Potential of the World Urban

Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) Global Initiative

AssociateProf.ChaoREN1,21.  SchoolofArchitecture,TheChineseUniversityofHongKong,Sha=n,N.T.,HongKong2.  TheIns=tuteofFutureCi=es,TheChineseUniversityofHongKong,Sha=n,N.T.,HongKong

Ci4eshavethepowertochangetheworld,b����������������������������������!������� �������

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Accordingtothesepopula=onfigures,fromtheUnitedNa=ons,nearly9%oftheworld'spopula=onwillbe

livingin41megaci4esby2030.�

2030

So,whatistheimpactofmegaandhigh-densitycompactci4esontheirurbanclimate?�

THEFUTURETowardmega,compact,andhabitableci4es�

#Fixed’ – Location

‘Modulators’ – Time, Weather

‘Manageable’ (policy, planning, design) – Size, Form, Metabolism

What influences Urban Climate?

High Density Built Environment�

Sourcefrom:hLp://www.scmp.com/magazines/48hrs/ar4cle/1736867/city-angles-hong-kong-seen-through-lenses-three-photographers

Lowurbanairvolume poorAirVen=la=onHighsurfacetemperature hoKerurbanenvironment

heatstressLowskyview hotaircannotescape

heatcannotradiateoutNoshading directsunlight

hoKerurbanenvironmentNogreenery reducedevapotranspira=on

hoKerurbanenvironment

Severeacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)in2003�

Causedabout300DIEDwithin2months�

(FigureadaptedfromClimateChange2001:TheScien3ficBasis)�

More Unpredictable Weather Extremes….�

More Heatwaves in the near future….�Heat Stress, Heat Stroke, Heat related Mortality…�

FloodingIssues

New Urban Agenda QuitoDeclara=ononSustainableCi4esandHumanSeLlementsforAll

Quito implementation plan for the New Urban Agenda Transforma4vecommitmentsforsustainableurbandevelopmentfrom:social,economicandenvironmentaldimensions

InHABITATIII,WEDECIDETHEFUTUREOFCITIESTOGETHER

Meteorologists,Climatologists�Ecologists,Aero-dynamists,WindEngineers�EnvironmentalScien=sts�

GISandRemoteSensingResearchers,etc….

TownPlanners,Architects,LandscapeArchitects,GovernmentalOfficials,PolicyMakers,etc..

Gap? Linkage?

Scien=ficCommunity DesignStakeholders

The Missing Link�

‘Local Climate Zone’ Scheme (Stewart&Oke,2012)

The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT)

The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) notes the dearth of information on urban areas. The goal of the WUDAPT initiative is to fill this demand.

• Acquireandmakeaccessiblecoherentandconsistentdescrip=onsandinforma=onintheaspectsofFORMAndFUNCTIONofci=esrelevanttoclimatestudiesonWORLDWIDEbasis.

Objec=ve1

• BuildPortal(tools)thatwillEXTRACTrelevanturbanparametersandproper=esformodelsandformodelAPPLICATIONSatappropriatescalesforvariousclimate,weather,UrbanPlanningpurposes.

Objec=ve2

Two Objectives

3 Levels of WUDAPT Products

Level0•  Ci=esaremappedusingtheLocalClimateZonescheme(Stewart&Oke,2012).EachLCZtypeisdescribedintermsofthetypicalappearanceofeachinground-basedandaerialphotographsandislinkedtosomeurbanparametervalues.

Level1•  TheLCZmapsareusedtosampleurbanlandscapestoprovidemoreinforma=onontheaspectsofformandfunc=oningreaterdetails.

Level2•  Thisisthehighestlevelanditreferstourbandatagatheredataspecifiedspa=alscale(e.g.250m)acrosstheen=reurbanarea(‘wall-to-wall’coverage).

(Ching,etal.,2016)

l  C40ci4esingreen�l  WUDAPTci4es�

More than 120 Cities involved (Dec. 2016)�

WWW.WUDAPT.ORG

Collaboration Partners & Supporters

Core Teams

The Chinese University of Hong Kong �

WUDAPT: Major Cities in China

BeijingShanghaiWuhanGuangzhouChangshaDalianGuangzhouHangzhouJinanNanjingQingdaoShanghaiShenyangTianjingXi’anXiamen………By Jun 2016, we have finished the LCZmappingwork for 57 all provincial capital ci=es andmajoreconomicbigregions.

When you later work on urban climate study in China, you don’t need to worry about its urban morphological data.

Roadmap of WUDAPT Global Initiative Project

AirPollu4on

UrbanPlanning

Climate&

Weather

PublicHealth

Ecology

CO2Emission

WUDAPTProduct

EnergyCost

26

Historical Urban Morphology Extraction & Application

Level0WUDAPTProduct&Applica=ons

198819992009

1993� 2002�

(USGSLanduseDatabase)

Local Climate Zone Map for the Pearl River Delta Region (the1980’s- the2010’s)

APPLICATIONS�

1988�

2010�

June� July�

Temperatureday4me@2mheightaboveground�

WindSimula4onResult(day4me)@10mheightaboveground�1988�

2010�

June� July� August�

30

New Technology for 3-D Urban Morphology Extraction

Level1&2WUDAPTProduct&Applica=ons

Stereoimages�

SARimages�

Procedureoftheproposedapproach�

Stage1�

Adopting Multi-source Satellite images

Xu,Y.,etal.,ASatellite-basedAnalysisofUrbanMorphologicalParametersandTheirImpactonUrbanClima3cVaria3oninHigh-densityUrbanAreasLandscapeandUrbanPlanning,2016.(underreview).

Accuracy:70-90%viates3ngthebelowfivemorphologicalparameters)ü Low-cost;ü Fast;ü Largecoverageü Update

Accuracy of Extracted 3-D Urban Morphology Data

Xu,Y.,etal.,ASatellite-basedAnalysisofUrbanMorphologicalParametersandTheirImpactonUrbanClima3cVaria3oninHigh-densityUrbanAreasLandscapeandUrbanPlanning,2016.(underreview).

Applications of Extracted 3-D Urban Morphology Data

•  WUDAPTlevel1&2applica=ons

•  Urbanclima=canalysisandWeather/Clima=cModelling,likeWRF;

•  EnergyBalancestudy;•  Clima=c-Spa=alAnalysisand

Planning,likeUrbanClima=cMap;

•  Earlywarningofhigh-riskurbanareaswithadverseurbanclimateissues.

Xu,Y.,etal.,ASatellite-basedAnalysisofUrbanMorphologicalParametersandTheirImpactonUrbanClima3cVaria3oninHigh-densityUrbanAreasLandscapeandUrbanPlanning,2017.(underreview).

34

RMSE=0.02�

Application into Urban Ventilation Assessment

35

MeanRadiantTemperature(TMRT)Simula=onsbasedonSOLWEIGmodelusing(a)actualbuilding;(b)resultbyproposedapproach�

Application into the study of Mean Radiant Temperature based on SOLWEIG model Simulations

Other on-going Collaborations and Applications

‘Digital Belt & Road’ Initiative Collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences

On-going Projects & Collaborations

80 Selected Cities, 20 Countries’ Support and Involvement

Yangon, Myanmar Warsaw, Poland Karachi, Pakistan Tehran, Iran … …

‘Atlas of the Human Planet’ Collaboration with GEO, European Commission

Population Grid in 3D - Asia Atlas of the Human Planet

Source: Atlas of the Human Planet, GEO

On-going Projects & Collaborations

‘Shanghai Integrated Urban Weather and Climate Service Demonstration Project’ Supported by World Meteorological Organization

On-going Projects & Collaborations

Source:������� ����������� ������������������������������������������������ �� ��������� �������� ���������������!����

TheInfluencesofUrban-scaleFlowonAirPollu4oninSFOBayArea�

District� Building�

On-going Projects & Collaborations

Cross-scale Energy Calculation Toolbox Development �

Region/City� EnergyCostEs4ma4on�

43

Issues:•  HowCityspecific?•  Vegeta=ontype?•  Buildingage?•  SocioEconomic?

(Masson,2017)

2017IEEEGRSSDataFusionContest

The2017IEEEGRSSDataFusionContestwasorganizedbytheIADFTCincollabora=onwithWUDAPTandGeoWiki.

Over800Submissionswerereceived!�

WeareTop4!Authors:YongXu,FanMa,DeyuMeng,ChaoRen,YeeLeung

(TheChineseUniversityofHongKongandXi’anJiaotongUniversity,China)

Open data for global multimodal land use classification�

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Data Science and Informatics Technology

Applications & Implementations

Policy Change

People’s Urban Living Quality Improvement

Data Science in Time, Data Science in Space

We have the Technology and we have the Team

We have an Idea.

All we need is further Collaborations and Resources

Will YOU join us?

Data Science in Time, Data Science in Space