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Non-‐Revenue Water Management in Cyprus
Bambos Charalambous Head Technical Services Water Board of Lemesos
Lemesos, Cyprus (unCl October 2012)
Managing Director Hydrocontrol Ltd Lemesos, Cyprus
WORKSHOP Non-‐Revenue Water (NRW) Reduc2on in Urban Water U2li2es
Experiences and Challenges in the Mediterranean Region
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on, Marseille, France
January 22-‐23, 2013
Water Management in Cyprus
2 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Recent Water SituaCon in Cyprus Gradual change in the climate Substantial decrease in annual rainfall >20% Reduction in the runoff into the reservoirs > 40% Periods of low rainfall are becoming more frequent Demand is continuously increasing Frequent periods of low or no rainfall :1991-92,1997-2000, 2008-09
Government forced to apply water restriction measures o Drastic water cuts in irrigation o Severe restrictions to domestic water supply
Add Water to the National Balance: o Construction of Desalination plants: 60Mm3 (75% of total potable needs)
o Use of treated effluent in agriculture: 10Mm3 (5% of total irrigation needs)
Need for water conservation and leakage management
3 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Lifeline from Athens to Lemesos in August 2008: 35.000 m3/day
4 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Is a conCnuous acCvity Is an integral part of distribuCon network management
Is based on a long term strategy
Is cost effecCve especially in water scarce areas
HOWEVER ITS SUCCESS DEPENDS:
On commitment and dedicaCon at all levels
AdopCon of appropriate methodologies and technologies
Use of appropriate and reliable indicators for benchmarking, such as : litres/service connecCon /day and ILI
NRW Management
5 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Water Board of Nicosia YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day
2007 19.5 2.9 137
2011 23.0 4.3 203 Water Board of Larnaca YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day
2007 23.0 2.5 131
2011 27.6 3.3 168
Water Board of Lemesos YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day
2007 16.7 1.8 91
2011 23.0 2.8 143
Key Performance Indicators
6 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Network Design and
Development
7 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Major Network Developments Water Board of Lemesos
1986 - 1990 • Major expansion of storage and supply network • Establishment of pressure zones and DMA • Installation of SCADA system
1991 -1993 • Pressure reduction study • Installation of PRVs in 8 out of 27 DMAs
1994 - 1995 • Digitization of all maps of the water distribution system
1997 - 1998 • Review of the leakage control activities by external consultant • Recommendations for the establishment of a leakage management
policy
1999 - to date • DMA re-design and pressure management • Use of advanced technology in DMA monitoring and leak detection • Adoption of IWA WLTF “best practice” approach to NRW management
Source: WBL
8 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Key ConsideraCons
DMA categories Small : <1000 properties Medium : 1000 – 3000 properties Large : 3000 – 5000 properties
Factors considered in DMA design Minimum variation in ground level Single entry point into the DMA Well defined DMA boundaries Area meters correctly sized and located Apply pressure management Continuous monitoring
Source: WBL
January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
9
Typical DMA Inlet Chamber
Source: WBL 10 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Monitoring and Data Transfer
PSTN and GSM Network
Dedicated Computer in Control Room
WWW
Data Communication E-mails / sms sent from each DMA Alarms sent to Operator’s mobile phone for:
o High/Low pressure o High MNF o No flow o Low battery status
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS IN DMAs 11 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Pressure Management
Reduction in: surges and excess pressures burst rates and background leakage, cut repair costs flow rates of all leaks some components of consumption
12 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Pipeline and Asset Management High quality materials / Proper installaCon
High standard of maintenance
Pipeline replacement using a decision support system
13 January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Accurate and Comprehensive Metering the first step in establishing how much water is
produced and/or being used
14 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
NRW AcCviCes
15 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Annual Water Balance (m3) (“Top -‐ Down”) Reaching the point of Accountability
16 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Commercial Losses =
Loss of Revenue (valued at retail billing rates)
Commercial Losses ( Apparent losses)
All customers are metered Water theft
o Theft from hydrants o Meter by-passes o Tampering with meters
Meter under- registration o Improve meter accuracy o Volumetric meters o Certified meter test bench
Meter reading errors o Hand-held devices o Change meter readers’ routes o Check zero/low consumption
Accounting errors o Billing software o Threshold alarms Source: Rizzo and Cilia, 2005
17 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Physical Losses (Real Losses)
18 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Speed and Quality of Repairs
Number of Pipes Repaired Response Repair Time
19
712 (34%)
1.169 (55%) Same day
(85%)
Next day (13.5%)
Next two days (1.5%)
January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
AcCve Leakage Control
20 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
DMA (Sector 2)
AZNP (m) Actual MNF (m³/hr)
Background losses(m³/hr)
Locatable losses (m³/hr)
before after before after before after before after
220 64 32 3,92 2,16 0,63 0,24 1,88 0,51
221 63 36 5,69 3,85 3,39 1,65 0,16 0,07
222 54 28 3,07 2,24 1,53 0,71 0,05 0,03
223 53 29 3,58 2,56 1,70 0,82 0,35 0,20
224 53 29 5,50 2,52 1,68 0,82 2,23 0,11
225 64 34 12,96 9,78 5,42 2,41 4,16 3,99
226 64 34 10,04 6,84 5,62 2,55 0,37 0,24
227 59 38 15,52 10,44 5,91 3,38 5,11 2,56
228 43 39 7,60 7,20 3,42 3,03 0,51 0,50
229 41 36 4,06 3,73 1,13 0,96 2,01 1,85
230 47 40 21,80 18,00 5,57 4,60 9,37 6,54
231 52 42 11,01 7,92 4,63 3,54 2,17 0,18
232 39 32 5,17 4,32 1,32 1,05 2,21 1,63
233 42 33 4,45 3,96 1,48 1,10 1,48 1,37
234 48 38 3,55 2,44 0,32 0,23 2,26 1,24
Total before 117,92 43,75 34,32
Total after 87,96 27,09 21,02
LEAKAGE REDUCTION 30 m3/hr
Annual water saving = 220 000 m3
or € 170 000
21 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Pressure Management
Reduced Burst Frequency ( Reported Leaks)
Description Number of bursts reported Reduction of leaks Before
(7 months) After
(7 months)
Distribution mains 49 27 45%
Communication pipes 296 178 40%
Location Pressure Reduction Overall reduction in burst incidents
Cyprus (Water Board of Lemesos)
32% 41%
Australia (A.Lambert)
40% 55%
Comparison of Results ANNUAL COST SAVING IN PIPE BURST REPAIRS
€100 000
22 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Leakage Monitoring
23 January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
DMA Flow and Pressure Monitoring
24 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
PRIORITISE LEAKAGE ACTIVITIES BASED ON ESPB AND ON VALUE
OF WATER SAVED
MNF Analysis
25 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
MNF Monitoring
26 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
A L R Crack 7 mm wide on DN150mm AC pipe
A L R
Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=28days Repair (R)=2days Loss of water=7200 m3
Leak LocaCon and Repair
Three leaks were located and fixed.
Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=8days Repair (R)=1day
Loss of water=4200m3
27 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
TargeCng and Benchmarking
28 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
TargeCng and Benchmarking
Goal Sefng • IdenCfied areas to be improved • PrioriCsed most effecCve acCons
Benchmarking (Process and Metric) • Decided on Key Performance Indicators
• Checked and compared performance to other uCliCes
29 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Non – Revenue Water Financial PI basic (IWA Level 1, Fi 36)
Drought Years Intermittent
Supply
Source: WBL 30 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Litres / service connecCon / day OperaConal PI for Real Losses basic ( IWA Level 3, Op 24 )
Technical Performance Category: A – pressurised system : average pressure 40 m (Developed Countries) : <100 litres/connection/day
Source: Liemberger,2005
Drought Years Intermittent
Supply
Source: WBL 31 January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Infrastructure Leakage Index Operational PI for Real Losses Detailed (IWA Level 3, Op 25)
Technical Performance Category: A (ILI 1-2: Excellent – no specific intervention required) (Developed Countries) Source: Liemberger, 2005
Drought Years Intermittent Supply
Source: WBL 32 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Cyprus
I L I
33
Source: Seago, McKenzie, Liemberger, Halifax 2005 Total of 146 data from 31 countries
January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Intermiient Water Supply
34 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
20 DMAs: 373Km: 45%total
Description Number of reported breaks
2007 2010 %increase
Mains 1/7,14km 1/2,38km 300
Service connections
15,5/1000 connections
29,7/1000 connections 200
35 January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Significant increase in Total Leakage TOP DOWN
BOTTOM UP
Effects of Intermiient Supply
36 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
Year
System Input Volume (m3)
Customer Consumption (m3)
Total Difference Total Difference
2007 12.914.576 0 10.762.043 0
2008 10.655.626 -2.258.950 9.776.466 -985.577
2009 11.735.230 -1.179.346 9.803.206 -958.837
2010 14.568.052 1.653.476 10.634.710 -127.333
System Input Volume Vs ConsumpCon
Effects of Intermiient Supply
37 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Year System Input
Volume Customer ConsumpCon
2007 Before IntermiSent Supply 0%
(base line) 0%
(base line)
2008 IntermiSent Supply -‐17,5% -‐9,2%
2009 IntermiSent Supply -‐9,1% -‐8,9%
2010 AXer IntermiSent Supply +12,8% -‐1,2%
System Input Volume Vs ConsumpCon
Effects of Intermiient Supply
38 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Cost to the Water Board of Lemesos for the 2 years (2008 – 2009) of Intermittent Supply: Loss of revenue:
o Reduction in sales – cost of water saved: € 300.000
Additional operational expenses: o Staff overtime for opening / closing valves: € 365.000 o Repairing additional reported breaks: € 325.000
Additional cost after Continuous Supply was established:
o Additional leakage (2010 – 2012): € 1.700.000 o Estimated cost of locating leaks: € 175.000 o Estimated cost of repairing leaks: € 125.000
Cost of Intermiient Supply
39 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France
Thank you Bambos Charalambous Tel.:+35799612109
Email: [email protected] [email protected]
40 January 22-‐23, 2013 Center for Mediterranean Integra2on
Marseille, France