Central Business District Change Decentralisation causes & effects. Responses to decline. Decentralisation causes & effects. Responses to decline

Central Business District Change

Central Business District Change

Decentralisation causes & effects.Responses to decline.Decentralisation causes & effects.Responses to decline.

Commercial centreCommercial centre» Historical centre

of commercial activity dating back to markets.

» Location of retail, office-based industry & leisure.

Office based industryOffice based industry» The CBD contains

the greatest concentration of high-rise buildings.

» 1960’s concrete offices exist in close proximity to modern offices.

» Accessibility for the workforce is a vital locational factor affecting office-based industry. Traditionally in CBD.

First waveFirst wave» DIY & home

furnishings.» Large scale

warehouse-style developments.

» Links to contractors trade.

» Access for large vehicles.

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Second waveSecond wave

» Electrical goods stores.

» Scale significant.» Agglomeration with

home furnishings.» Supermarkets >

superstores.» Continental style.» Large, free &

uncongested car parks.

» Under one roof.





Third waveThird wave

» Comparison goods from the high street.

» Greater variety & speciality.

» Economies of scale.

» Adding to new, peripheral business districts.





LeisureLeisure

» US influenced, large scale restaurants or drive-through.

» Services required where consumers are shopping or living.





Assimilation & discardAssimilation & discard» CBD is

characterized by rapid change.

» Zones of assimilation: growth of CBD or positive change of function.

» Zones of discard: Decline, vacancy & dereliction.

Closure of independent retailers & success of national chains

Closure of independent retailers & success of national chains

» High CBD rents require high profits.

» Independent retailers suffer from lack of passing trade and can’t afford the large plots in retail parks.

» Yates’ Wine Lodge in Reading is located in the old Post Office.

DecentralizationDecentralization» Modern growth of

out of town retail parks and superstores is threatening city centre trade.

» Large, chain stores have moved to these locations leaving small, independent outlets behind.

Business ParksBusiness Parks» Like retail, offices are

increasingly located at the rural-urban fringe.

» Land is cheap, there is room for expansion and buildings can be purpose built.

» Peripheral locations are now the most accessible and have higher quality environments.

Lakeside regional shopping centre, Thurrock, Essex.

Lakeside regional shopping centre, Thurrock, Essex.

» Over 320 shops, 4 major departments stores, 30 cafes and restaurants, a 7 screen multiplex cinema, a chapel, a 26 acre lake complete with PADI certified diving school complex, and parking for 13,000 cars and 250 coaches.

» Junction 30/31 M25.


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Undercover Shopping centres

Undercover Shopping centres

» The response in the CBD has been led by the construction of modern, covered shopping malls.

» They offer comfort, safety and other facilities such as toilets under one roof.

Accessibility & beautificationAccessibility & beautification

» The CBD needs to become a more accessible place for motorist & pedestrian.

» One-way roads, improved car parking & pedestrianization are used.

» Flowerbeds, signposts, cobblestones &graffiti removal improve the environment.

Leisure & image enhancement

Leisure & image enhancement

» City centres need to be re-sold as places of entertainment.

» Street vendors, pavement cafes & festivals all help.

» New leisure districts incorporating cinemas, restaurants & bars are now common.

Documents

Central Business District Change Decentralisation causes & effects. Responses to decline. Decentralisation causes & effects. Responses to decline