Upload
muhammad-hijab
View
231
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
1/11
%#%#%$!%
STW[X[Z`WZ`_%00347-,.74:3/0397,,9430397,,9430.0397,,943390034749003478.0397,0/498/0.0397,0/,:808147.0397,,9433897,90/;,39,041.0397,,943/;,39,041/0.0397,,943
472,,9433:1430&1430-,.74:3/'84389,902039884389,902039
472,,9435,3,943472,,9433:14304-9230,;0!071472,3.0
/;,39,08411472,,943$50.,,9433,---,3
,.74:3/41,---,3'84389,902039884389,902039
$50.,,943$50.,9433,---,347850.,,943;84341,-47
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
2/11
%#%#%$!%
0397,,9433900347
WWZ[^TSUY^[aZV
%00347 !,89,3 , 4 430/8:-8/,7 41%00347$9 900.42 4507,94383 .4:39708 %00347,.6:70/
90.0380147574;/3$807;.083!,89,3357,3/,/,:3.0/98
807;.08.42207.,38,2,-,/#,,53/,3/,7,.43,7.,3/43
,7. %00347 ,8 98 .47547,90 0,/6:,79078 3 8,2,-,/ 9 7043,
411.08 3,7,. ,3/ ,470 3 ,3:,7 %00347 089,-80/ 98 1789 .,
.03970 3,470,39,33 ,/0 .4;07,0 3 90 .4:3979 /0893,9438
.4;070/ 93 088 9,3 24398 41 90 .425,38 ,:3. 9 8 90 3/ ,7089
3094741!,89,3,19074-39, 8:-8.7-07-,8041243 ,841 :
!%1:708%00347!,89,3.438/0784-3,8982,47.42509947988570,/,.748890.4:3979,3094741.425,3430/8,08,3/807;.0
.03907824709,317,3.8008,3/8420709,4:90988038:-8.759438
,3/ 7018,.0;3 , 3.70,80 3 908:-8.7-07-,80 3 ,3/5,333 147
1:790705,38434130947,3/807;.08
9 8 .:77039 574;/3 5705,/ 54895,/ ,3/ ;,:0,//0/ 807;.08 98 5,.,08
3.:/0
%,$, %00347!07843,
:.0
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
3/11
%#%#%$!%
WZ`^SS`[Z 9 8 /0130/ ,8 4 5407 8 /897-:90/939047,3,943#%0/070094./0.843 2,3 8 .0397,0/
9,83054393,347,3,943
WZ`^SS`[ZWUWZ`^SS`[ZZ`WWZ[^
5,791742897,90,49071:3.9438,70/0.0397,0/!0450,9%00347!,89,3
,70 249;,90/ 94 9,0 907 7085438-908 0850., 3 .7488 1:3.943, 5740.98
,3,07830,./05,7920394;078009,99002540089,0:59077408,3//:908
,3/9075071472,3.082439470/,..47/3
[c`WWZ[^_UWZ`^SWV
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
4/11
%#%#%$!%
104494,7/890,-4;0/,7,29,3,9909450;084.,32,090897,901474;07,47,3,943$4,419002540082:8914498897,9094,.0;0904,841900347!,89,3$4398.43909909003478.0397,0/0,3
9,90;0702540014498897,90$4390897,902,390:55070;02,3,0203990897,90.2,3,02039,;,,,2,4774084070905407843990897,90.2,3,078849,9804:/8,90999003478.0397,0/
[c`_VWUWZ`^SWV
,3,078 30,./05,792039 4;078009,9 900254008 9,0:5 9077408,3//:908 ,3/ 9075071472,3.0 82439470/,..47/3 $4 3 0,.411.0 41 900347 902,3,078.,39,090743/0.8438840700.,38,9,990900347!,89,38/0.0397,0/0.,:8007054078/897-:90/,84,2439089302,3,078
Sa_W_X[^UWZ` SS`[ZZ_`^S`WY
7,3,9438047,5.,/850780/:09494:.425099433.0:,72,709%450;02,3,078,;0-09907340/0,3/050703.0,-4:9.:770399703/8847,3,943,/45920.,389.897:.9:70
VbSZ`SYW[XUWZ`^SS`[Z
9,/0.0397,0/47,3,943,897:.9:704:.,3,.0;010-9,3/334;,943
VbSZ`SYW[XVWUWZ`^SS`[Z9,.0397,0/47,3,9434:,;0.43974,3/
.447/3,943
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
5/11
%#%#%$!%
[^SS`[ZZaX[ZW
X[ZWTSUY^[aZV11.,,20
41 :1430 !,89,3 8 ! %
% !% 430/ 8:-8/,7 41 !% 42203.0/
4507,9438 1742 8,2,-,/ 43 ,3:,7 ,8 30947
.4;07,0 3 2470 9,3 4.,9438 .:77039 .,9078 147
39073,943, #4,2394 2470 9,3 4507,9478 3 2470
9,3.4:39708
_[Z_`S`WWZ`
%4-0900,/3
900.422:3.,943807;.0574;/073!,89,3-411073
334;,90.422:3.,94384:94381474:7.:89420780
0.00/38,704/07;,:0025400050.9,943D
42,990744:,700704:,70
424:,39948,94744:100
,94:,39948,4:,704:714.:8
0.,:80,9&1430
98,,-4:9&
__[Z_`S`WWZ`
0 ,70 070 4: ,39 94
-09 &1430 0 ,2 94 574;/0 4: 9 /07 .4;07,0
8:50747.4330.9;9.0,783,8;4.06:,9D
#'#&!$&%
&143084110739014435,.,08
O &95,.,0O &1430039,5,.,0O &1430,O %0384317005,.,0O &43O &43
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
6/11
%#%#%$!%
[^SS`[Z%0 /0700 94 .4-8 93 90 47,3,943 ,70 $9,3/,7/0/ ,3/ 90 09039 94
.0254000,;478:/0/-7:08,3/70:,9438#98900903994.7:08,3/574.0/:708,7079903,3/
03147.0/\SZS`[Z472,,9438900903994.
7:08,3/574.0/:708,701440/3,347,3,943%8002039;,70870,9,.748847,3,9438470,2503842047,3,9438,77;,,3//05,79:70920894,3/174247
,70850.10/949023:909920.4.8:80/94.43974/0;,39-0,;473490747,3,943898:3/078944/9,902540088503/8:11.03992043904-940990
47/4303842047,3,94387:08,3/574.0/:708.4;072489,.9;908034907850450,70,40/94007.8090743:/2039
3,88088390/0700411472,,943430300/894:80.,703842047,3,94382,37:08,70.4/10/3:02,3:,8-:9344305,8,990394394902349078990879903/43-:97:08,7031472,:3/078944/,3/1440/%:8902489:801:/01394341
1472,,94389,99705708039890:80417:083,347,3,943
[^SS`[ZZaX[ZW3 :1430 1472,,943 8,55#:08 ,3/ 70:,9438 41
:1430,70;07897.94-9230,;05071472,3.03,41
8:.0,.9;908:14307:08,3/70:,9438,70;07897.9
.,70;03-04
[T`ZY
4-92341:1430,701472,3/34-70,8,40/3989201470254008$49,9900254008.,3
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
7/11
%#%#%$!%
47 ,7/ , 90 /, 147 47,3,943 ,3/ ,.0;0 90
47,3,94384,8
WSbW
3 430 0,7 9700 008 41 2,3/,947 0,;0 ,70,;,,-0 147 90 0254008 1 90 025400 ,398 0,;0 2470
9,3 98 84 0 574;/0,3 ,88:7,3.041 20/.,0,;047
842093080490780430/,5,-0/0/:.90/17428
8,,7
W^X[^SZUW
3 :1430 90 5071472,3.0 20,3 90 47/430410;070254008574507.0.1,30254008349507147230840-017017429047,3,943478
8,,7-0/0/:.90/478,557,8,349-044/849,9
.,3.084157424943-00881472$4:89090,-4;0/8.:880/0,2508,41907:08,3/70:,943841:1430,70;07897.9.20,39,9:14308,
1472,0/47,3,943VbSZ`SYW_[XYX[^SS`[Z
,3,078,70.0,7,-4:947,3,94384,8
7,3,943854.08,70.0,72039430/
#:08,3/70:,9438,70897.91440/,9,0;0841
2,3,02039
!74507.43974380,8,80,85488-0
0,7:/0308,70574;/0/94904070;00254008
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
8/11
%#%#%$!%
\WUSS`[ZZSTTTSZ
SUY^[aZV[XSTTTSZ
089,-80/4507,94383!,89,33,3/24;0/980,/
411.094,7,.:7178939073,943,-7,3.,8089,-80/3442-4$7,3,3,3/,--,3!,,,8-:93
94 .4220247,90 90 -,38 9 33;078,7
9,/42089.2,7098,70414;07,83,943,0/3
,3/9.4393:0/94/423,9090.42207.,-,3380.947
9,2,472,7098,7033,7/1470370299,3.08,3/
4,38 94 82, 3/:89708 97,/078 ,3/ 1,72078 39073,943,
4507,9438 070 05,3/0/ 94 3.:/0 90 &$ $3,5470 2,3
0:2 $0.008 ,3/ ,/;08 ,3/ 90 0907,3/8
3 0.02-07 !,89,38 !7;,9,943 4228843
,334:3.0/ 9,9 90 4;0732039 41!,89,3,/ 1472, 7,390/
90,,3:3/147.4342.0;045203979894
41908,704/33,,389,33;089203941!#
-43 &$ 243 3 0-7:,7 2,3,02039
.43974 ,8 ,3/0/ 4;07 94 %0 4,7/ 41 70.9478 ,8
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
9/11
%#%#%$!%
70.43899:90/94,;014:734230083.:/390,72,3
,3/90!708/039,3/97004;073203941!,89,33423008
_[Z_`S`WWZ`
3,-3 50450 94 ,/;,3.09 .431/03.0 ,3/
8:..088
__[Z_`S`WWZ`%4 2,0 4:7 .:8942078 5748507 4:7 89,11 0.0 ,3/ .70,90 ;,:0 1478,704/078
\WUSS`[Z 3,700203993,.422:39 74:5 47 47,3,943 :3/07
. 90 202-078 2489 8:90/ - ;79:0 41 907 3,9:7,
,599:/04.,94384749076:,1.,943147,850.1.
,.9;9479,8,88:2070,9077085438-91479800.:943
475071472,3.0#254008 9 3 90 1:3.943, /;843 41 47,3,9435071472,850.,0/809419,847,.9;908\WUS`[ZZSTTTSZ,---,38,84,850.,0/47,3,943443
,709054398.84850.,,9433,---,33907241
47850.,,943,3/,84/;84341,-47
[^_\WUSS`[Z
O 90039704-8-7403/43394890580,.8905.425090/-,805,7,903/;/:,
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
10/11
%#%#%$!%
O 3/;/:,47078850.,03/435,7941,3,.9;9O %05071472705099;05071472,3.041,1088O %0:809024890110.9;020,38942,0902489
011.039:8041025400888
O 84209,8706:708/0;0450/88,3/0/:.,943:8902,3,07#09.
O 9078.,3-050714720/-90488,3/0/:.,943:890.,807.07809.
b_[Z[XST[^
O 2,08011.039:8041025400888O 3.70,808025400888974:70509943O 088-090034-/439203.70,808574/:.9;9O %0,;0850.,0/97,33.82470011.039O 4890:8041850.,0/06:520398
8/3/2019 Centralization,Formalization and Specialization
11/11
%#%#%$!%