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8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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FABRICATION OF FULLY
AUTOMATED DRILLING MACHINE
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
RAJESH.R 090111505031
ADARSH.S.P 090111505002
PRINCE.M 090111505501
VISHNU.C.M 090111505047
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ARCHANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
THIMMAPURAM, KRISHNAGIRI 635112
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FULLY AUTOMATED DRILLING MACHINE
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO TITLE
SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
NOMENCLATURE
1 Introduction
2 Literature reie!
3 "e#cri$tion o% e&ui$'ent#
3(1 Pneu'atic rotor 3(2 )a*e#
3(3 Ho#e#
3(+ onnector
3(5 ontro* unit
3(6 Pre##ure Gau-e
3(. S$ur -ear
3(/ Ste$$er 'otor
3(0 "ri**in- ead
3(1 Li'it# #!itc+ "e#i-n and dra!in-
+(1 Pneu'atic co'$onent# and S$eci%ication
+(2 "e#i-n ca*cu*ation
5 or4in- $rinci$*e
6 Merit# and de'erit#
. A$$*ication#
/ Li#t o% 'ateria*#
0 o#t #ti'ation
1 onc*u#ioni7*io-ra$8
$oto-ra$8
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LIST OF FIGURES
F$%&'(
N&)*(' T$+,(
1 Pi#ton Rod
2 Pi#ton3 "ou7*e actin- $neu'atic c8*inder
+ So*enoid a*e
5 T9Tu7e# and Reducer
6 o'$re##or
. uc4 and 4e8
/ "ri** 7it
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0 Air dri**er
1 :era** "ia-ra'
NOMENCLATURE
A ;Area o% c8*inder
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SYNOPSIS
In #'a**9#ca*e indu#trie# and auto'atic 'aintenance #o$#, tere are
%re&uent need# o% ti-tenin- and *oo#enin- in #cre!#, dri**in-, 7orin-( 8
ti# conce$t !e can aciee our indu#tria* re&uire'ent#( Te 'ain o7ectie
o% our $roect i# to $er%or' ariou# 'acinin- o$eration# u#in-B auto %eed
'ecani#'B in dri**in- 'acine !it te e*$ o% 'otor( >or a dee*o$in-
indu#tr8 te o$eration $er%or'ed and te $art#
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to run $ro%ita7i*it8( In ti# arran-e'ent 'otor i# a*#o u#ed %or inde?in-
$ur$o#e(
(
INTRODUCTION
Te 'ain o7ectie o% our $roect i# to $er%or' ariou# 'acine
o$eration# u#in- 'acine !it te e*$ o% $neu'atic #ource#( >or a
dee*o$in- indu#tr8 te o$eration $er%or'ed and te $art#
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P*a8ed a 'ore i'$ortant ro*e in te dee*o$'ent o% $neu'atic tecno*o-8
%or auto'ation(
Pneu'atic #8#te'# o$erate on a #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air !ic 'u#t
7e 'ade aai*a7*e in #u%%icient &uantit8 and at a $re##ure to #uit te ca$acit8
o% te #8#te'( en te $neu'atic #8#te' i# 7ein- ado$ted %or te %ir#t
ti'e, o!eer it !i**# indeed te nece##ar8 to dea* !it te &ue#tion o%
co'$re##ed air #u$$*8(
Te 4e8 $art o% an8 %aci*it8 %or #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air i# 78 'ean#
u#in- reci$rocatin- co'$re##or( A co'$re##or i# a 'acine tat ta4e# in air,
-a# at a certain $re##ure and de*iered te air at a i- $re##ure(
o'$re##or ca$acit8 i# te actua* &uantit8 o% air co'$re##ed and
de*iered and te o*u'e e?$re##ed i# tat o% tat o% te air at inta4e
condition# na'e*8 at at'o#$ere $re##ure and nor'a* a'7ient te'$erature(
Te co'$re##i7i*it8 o% te air !a# %ir#t ine#ti-ated 78 Ro7ot o8*e in
1062 and tat %ound tat te $roduct o% $re##ure and o*u'e# o% $articu*ar
&uantit8 o% -a#(
Te u#ua* !ritten a#
P) ;
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%actorie# and $*ant# a*read8 ae a co'$re##ed air #8#te', !ic i# ca$a7*e
o% $roidin- te $o!er
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PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR
Pneu'atic #8#te'# o$erate on a #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air, !ic 'u#t 7e
'ade aai*a7*e( In #u%%icient &uantit8 and at a $re##ure to #uit te ca$acit8 o%
te #8#te'( en $neu'atic #8#te' i# 7ein- ado$ted %or te %ir#t ti'e,
o!eer it !i**# indeed te nece##ar8 to dea* !it te &ue#tion o%
co'$re##ed air #u$$*8(
Te 4e8 $art o% an8 %aci*it8 %or #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air i# 78 'ean# u#in-
reci$rocatin- co'$re##or( A co'$re##or i# a 'acine tat ta4e# in air, -a# at
a certain $re##ure and de*iered te air at a i- $re##ure( o'$re##or
ca$acit8 i# te actua* &uantit8 o% air co'$re##ed and de*iered and te
o*u'e e?$re##ed i# tat o% te air
At inta4e condition# na'e*8 at at'o#$ere $re##ure and nor'a* a'7ient
te'$erature(
*ean condition o% te #uction air i# one o% te %actor#, !ic decide# te *i%e
o% a co'$re##or( ar' and 'oi#t #uction air !i** re#u*t increa#ed
$reci$itation o% conden#e %ro' te co'$re##ed air(
COMPRESSOR MAY BE CLASSIFIED IN T-O GENERAL TYPES.
1( Po#itie di#$*ace'ent co'$re##or
2( Tur7o co'$re##or
Po#itie di#$*ace'ent co'$re##or# are 'o#t %re&uent*8 e'$*o8ed %or
o'$re##ed air $*ant and ae $roed i-*8 #ucce##%u* and #u$$*8 air %or
$neu'atic contro* a$$*ication(
Te t8$e# o% $o#itie co'$re##or
1( Reci$rocatin- t8$e co'$re##or
2( Rotar8 t8$e co'$re##or
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Tur7o co'$re##or# are e'$*o8ed !ere *ar-e o% air re&uired at *o!
di#car-e $re##ure#( Te8 cannot attain $re##ure nece##ar8 %or $neu'atic
contro* a$$*ication un*e## 7ui*t in 'u*ti#ta-e de#i-n# and are #e*do'
encountered in $neu'atic #erice(
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
ui*t %or eiter #tationar8
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adanced into te !or4$iece, 'ateria* i# re'oed in te %or' o% ci$# tat
'oe a*on- te %*uted #an4 o% te dri**( :ne #tud8 #o!ed tat dri**in-
account# %or near*8 0 o% a** ci$# $roduced(
ULTIMATE AIM
Te auto'atic dri**in- 'acine
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'a?i'u', !en te c*utc !a# en-a-ed and te co'$re##or !a#
runnin-
Modern er#ion# u#e rotar8 co'$re##or# and ae 'ore #o$i#ticated
aria7*e -oernor#( Te unit i# u#ua**8 'ounted on a trai*er and #o'eti'e#
inc*ude# an e*ectrica* -enerator to #u$$*8 *i-t# or e*ectric $o!er too*#(
Ma4er# o% $orta7*e co'$re##or #o*d in te UK inc*ude At*a# o$co,
o'$Air and In-er#o** Rand(
DRILLING MACHINE
Ma?i'u' *oad o7tained to!ard te !or4$iece trou- te $neu'atic
c8*inder ; 0$#i
PNEUMATIC DRILL /OR0 PNEUMATIC GUN
Genera* "ut8,
uc4 a$acit8 3@/ In, HP (33,
>ree S$eed 21 RPM,
Aera-e >M /(,
Re&uired Pre##ure 0 PSI,
Air In*et NPT 1@+ In,
Mini'u' Ho#e 3@/ In,
Len-t 6 1@/ In,
Reer#in-, "ri** uc4 T8$e Ke8ed, Tu'7 :$erated >or!ard and Reer#e
S!itc, Inc*ude# uc4 Ke8
P(&)+$ ,$('
An air c8*inder i# an o$eratie deice in !ic te #tate in$ut ener-8
o% co'$re##ed air i(e($enua'tic $o!er i# conerted into 'ecanica* :ut$ut
$o!er, 78 reducin- te $re##ure o% te air to tat o% te at'o#$ere(
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3(1(1a= #in-*e actin- c8*inder
Sin-*e actin- c8*inder i# on*8 ca$a7*e o% $er%or'in- an o$eratin-
'ediu' in on*8 one direction( Sin-*e actin- c8*inder# e&ui$$ed !it one
in*et %or te o$eratin- air $re##ure, can 7e $roduction in #eera*
%unda'enta**8 di%%erent de#i-n#( Sin-*e c8*inder# "ee*o$ $o!er in one
direction on*8(
Tere%ore no ea8 contro* e&ui$'ent #ou*d 7e attaced to te',
!ic re&uire# to 7e 'oed on te $i#ton return #tro4e #in-*e action c8*inder
re&uire# on*8 a7out a*% te air o*u'e con#u'ed 78 a dou7*e actin- %or one
o$eratin- c8c*e(
3.1.1 B0 D6&*,( +$% C,$('
A dou7*e actin- c8*inder i# e'$*o8ed in contro* #8#te'# !it te %u**
$neu'atic cu#ionin- and it i# e##entia* !en te c8*inder it#e*% i# re&uired
to retard ea8 'e##e#( Ti# can on*8 7e done at te end $o#ition# o% te
$i#ton #tro4e( In a** inter'ediate $o#ition a #e$arate e?terna**8 'ounted
cu#ionin- derie 'o#t 7e $roided !it te da'$in- %eature(
Te nor'a* e#ca$e o% air i# out o%% 78 a cu#ionin- $i#ton 7e%ore te
end o% te #tro4e i# re&uired( A# a re#u*t te #it in te cu#ionin- ca'7er i#
a-ain co'$re##ed #ince it cannot e#ca$e 7ut #*o!*8 accordin- to te #ettin-
'ade on reer#e#( Te air %ree*8 enter# te c8*inder and te $i#ton #tro4e# in
te oter direction at %u**
>orce and e*ocit8(
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3(2 GN)A HL MHANISM
Te G((8 '$8( or M,+(( '6 i# a -ear'ecani#' tat tran#*ate# a
continuou# rotation into an inter'ittent rotar8 'otion( Te rotatin- drie
!ee* a# a $in tat reace# into a #*ot o% te drien !ee* adancin- it 78
one #te$( Te drie !ee* a*#o a# a rai#ed circu*ar 7*oc4in- di#c tat *oc4#
te drien !ee* in $o#ition 7et!een #te$#(
B9%'6&
Te na'e derie# %ro' te deice# ear*ie#t a$$*ication in 'ecanica*
!atce#, S!itCer*and and Genea 7ein- an i'$ortant center o%
!atc'a4in-( Te -enea drie i# a*#o co''on*8 ca**ed a Ma*te#e cro##
'ecani#' due to te i#ua* re#e'7*ance(
In te 'o#t co''on arran-e'ent, te drien !ee* a# %our #*ot# and tu#
adance# %or eac rotation o% te drie !ee* 78 one #te$ o% 0 J( I% te
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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drien !ee* a# n #*ot#, it adance# 78 36J@n $er %u** rotation o% te drie
!ee*(
ecau#e te 'ecani#' need# to 7e !e** *u7ricated, it i# o%ten enc*o#ed in an
oi* ca$#u*e(
U( ::,$+$6
:ne a$$*ication o% te Genea drie i# in 'oie $roector# te %i*' doe# not
run continuou#*8 trou- te $roector( In#tead, te %i*' i# adanced %ra'e
78 %ra'e, eac %ra'e #tandin- #ti** in %ront o% te *en# %or 1@2+ o% a #econd
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Genea !ee*# ain- te %or' o% te drien !ee* !ere a*#o u#ed in
'ecanica* !atce#, 7ut not in a drie, rater to *i'it te ten#ion o% te
#$rin-, #uc tat it !ou*d o$erate on*8 in te ran-e !ere it# e*a#tic %orcei#
near*8 *inear( I% one o% te #*ot# o% te drien !ee* i# occ*uded, te nu'7er
o% rotation# te drie !ee* can 'a4e i# *i'ited( In !atce#, te drie
!ee* i# te one tat !ind# u$ te #$rin-, and te Genea !ee* !it %our or
%ie #$o4e# and one c*o#ed #*ot $reent# oer!indin-
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3.3 DC MOTORS
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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
In an8 e*ectric 'otor, o$eration i# 7a#ed on #i'$*e e*ectro'a-neti#'(
A current9carr8in- conductor -enerate# a 'a-netic %ie*d !en ti# i# ten
$*aced in an e?terna* 'a-netic %ie*d, it !i** e?$erience a %orce $ro$ortiona*
to te currentin te conductor, and to te #tren-t o% te e?terna* 'a-netic
%ie*d( A# 8ou are !e** a!are o% %ro' $*a8in- !it 'a-net# a# a 4id, o$$o#ite
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er8 " 'otor a# #i? 7a#ic $art# 99 a?*e, rotor
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e?i7it a i- a'ount o% tor&ue ri$$*e
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A %e! tin-# %ro' ti# 99 na'e*8, one $o*e i# %u**8 ener-iCed at a ti'e
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Tere# $ro7a7*8 no 7etter !a8 to #ee o! an aera-e " 'otor i# $ut
to-eter, tan 78 u#t o$enin- one u$( Un%ortunate*8 ti# i# tediou# !or4, a#
!e** a# re&uirin- te de#truction o% a $er%ect*8 -ood 'otor(
Te -ut# o% a di#a##e'7*ed Ma7uci >>939PN 'otor ir#t o%%, te iron core $roide# a
#tron-, ri-id #u$$ort %or te !indin-# 99 a $articu*ar*8 i'$ortantcon#ideration %or i-9tor&ue 'otor#( Te core a*#o conduct# eat a!a8
%ro' te rotor !indin-#, a**o!in- te 'otor to 7e drien arder tan 'i-t
oter!i#e 7e te ca#e( Iron core con#truction i# a*#o re*atie*8 ine?$en#ie
co'$ared !it oter con#truction t8$e#(
ut iron core con#truction a*#o a# #eera* di#adanta-e#( Te iron ar'ature
a# a re*atie*8 i- inertia !ic *i'it# 'otor acce*eration( Ti#
con#truction a*#o re#u*t# in i- !indin- inductance# !ic *i'it 7ru# and
co''utator *i%e(
In #'a** 'otor#, an a*ternatie de#i-n i# o%ten u#ed !ic %eature# a
core*e## ar'ature !indin-( Ti# de#i-n de$end# u$on te coi* !ire it#e*% %or
#tructura* inte-rit8( A# a re#u*t, te ar'ature i# o**o!, and te $er'anent
'a-net can 7e 'ounted $$( te rotor coi*( ore*e## " 'otor# ae
'uc *o!er ar'ature inductancetan iron9core 'otor# o% co'$ara7*e #iCe,
e?tendin- 7ru# and co''utator *i%e(
http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://www.solarbotics.com/order/default.asp?ACTION=CAT&CATID=8#tar42http://www.solarbotics.com/http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/torque.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://www.solarbotics.com/order/default.asp?ACTION=CAT&CATID=8#tar42http://www.solarbotics.com/http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/torque.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.html8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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Te core*e## de#i-n a*#o a**o!# 'anu%acturer# to 7ui*d #'a**er 'otor#
'ean!i*e, due to te *ac4 o% iron in teir rotor#, core*e## 'otor# are
#o'e!at $rone to oereatin-( A# a re#u*t, ti# de#i-n i# -enera**8 u#ed u#t
in #'a**, *o!9$o!er 'otor#( ea'er# !i** 'o#t o%ten #ee core*e## "
'otor# in te %or' o% $a-er 'otor#(
A-ain, di#a##e'7*in- a core*e## 'otor can 7e in#tructie 99 in ti# ca#e, '8
a$*e## icti' !a# a cea$ $a-er i7rator 'otor( Te -ut# o% ti#
di#a##e'7*ed 'otor are aai*a7*e
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o% o$eration( Lo! %riction 7earin-# are o%ten i'$ortant %or e%%icienc8, to
reduce !ear and to %aci*itate i- #$eed#( ##entia**8, a 7earin- can reduce
%riction 78 irtue o% it# #a$e, 78 it# 'ateria*, or 78 introducin- and
containin- a %*uid 7et!een #ur%ace#( 8 #a$e, -ain# adanta-e u#ua**8 78
u#in- #$ere# or ro**er#( 8 'ateria*, e?$*oit# te nature o% te 7earin-
'ateria* u#ed( S*idin- 7earin-#, u#ua**8 ca**ed 7u#e# 7u#in-# ourna*
7earin-# #*eee 7earin-# ri%*e 7earin-# or $*ain 7earin-#( Ro**in-9e*e'ent
7earin-# #uc a# 7a** 7earin-# and ro**er 7earin-#( Oe!e* 7earin-#, in !ic
te *oad i# carried 78 ro**in- te a?*e #*i-t*8 o%%9center(
>*uid 7earin-# in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a -a# or *i&uid(
Ma-netic 7earin-# in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a 'a-netic %ie*d( >*e?ure
7earin-#, in !ic te 'otion i# #u$$orted 78 a *oad e*e'ent !ic 7end#(
earin-# ar8 -reat*8 oer te %orce# and #$eed# tat te8 can #u$$ort(
>orce# can 7e radia*, a?ia*
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C6))6
8 %ar, te 'o#t co''on 7earin- i# te$*ain 7earin-, a 7earin- !ic u#e#
#ur%ace# in ru77in- contact, o%ten !it a *u7ricant#uc a# oi* or -ra$ite( A
$*ain 7earin- 'a8 or 'a8 not 7e a di#cretedeice( It 'a8 7e notin- 'ore
tan te7earin- #ur%aceo% a o*e !it a #a%t $a##in- trou- it, or o% a
$*anar #ur%ace tat7ear#anoter
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P'$$:,( 6; 6:('+$6
Ani'ation o% 7a** 7earin-
Note tat te red dot# 'eet eer8 1(5 reo*ution#
Tere are at *ea#t #i? co''on $rinci$*e# o% o$eration
$*ain 7earin-, a*#o 4no!n 78 te #$eci%ic #t8*e# 7u#in-#, ourna*
7earin-#, #*eee 7earin-#, ri%*e 7earin-#
ro**in-9e*e'ent 7earin-# #uc a# 7a** 7earin-# and ro**er 7earin-#
e!e* 7earin-#, in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 ro**in- te a?*e #*i-t*8
o%%9center
%*uid 7earin-#, in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a -a# or *i&uid
'a-netic 7earin-#, in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a 'a-netic %ie*d
%*e?ure 7earin-#, in !ic te 'otion i# #u$$orted 78 a *oad e*e'ent
!ic 7end#(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexure_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BallBearing.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BallBearing.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexure_bearing8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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M6+$6
o''on 'otion# $er'itted 78 7earin-# are
a?ia* rotation e(-( #a%t rotation
*inear 'otion e(-( dra!er
#$erica* rotation e(-( 7a** and #oc4et oint
in-e 'otion e(-( door, e*7o!, 4nee
3.5.LEAD SCRE-
A ,('(
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to 7e 'ore e%%icient( A i-er $er%or'in- 7ut 'ore e?$en#ie a*ternatie i#
te7a** #cre!(
Te i- interna* %riction 'ean# tat *ead#cre! #8#te'# are not u#ua**8
ca$a7*e o% continuou# o$eration at i- #$eed, a# te8 !i** oereat( "ue to
inerent*8 i- #tiction, te t8$ica* #cre! i# #e*%9*oc4in-
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Te adanta-e# o% a *ead#cre! are
Lar-e *oad carr8in- ca$a7i*it8
o'$act
Si'$*e to de#i-n
a#8 to 'anu%acture no #$ecia*iCed 'aciner8 i# re&uired
Lar-e 'ecanica* adanta-e
Preci#e and accurate *inear 'otion
S'oot, &uiet, and *o! 'aintenance Mini'a* nu'7er o% $art#
Mo#t are #e*%9*oc4in-
3.". CONTROL UNIT
In $neu'atic 'u*ti$ur$o#e deice i# an air9o$erated deice u#ed %or
'an8 #'a** o$eration#( It i# a $orta7*e one( o'$re##ed air i# te #ource o%
ener-8 %or ti# deice( Te co'$re##ed air i# a**o!ed trou- te noCC*e(
Here te co'$re##ed air %*o! %ro' te co'$re##or %ir#t*8 enter# te ontro*
unit( In te contro* unit te $re##ure o% te air i# contro**ed unit te $re##ure(
Ten te $re##ure i# read 78 a $re##ure -au-e(
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3.7. DRILLING HEAD
SPINDLE
In 'anu%acturin- and too* 'a4in-, #$ind*e i# a -enera* ter' %or te
'ain rotatin- a?i#o% a 'acine too*, !ic u#ua**8 a# a #a%tat it# eart(
Te #a%t it#e*% i# ca**ed a #$ind*e, 7ut a*#o, in #o$9%*oor $ractice, te !ord
o%ten i# u#ed 'eton8'ica**8to re%er to te entire rotar8 unit, inc*udin- not
on*8 te #a%t it#e*%, 7ut it# 7earin-# and an8tin- attaced to it
!ic #a$ed cutter# are 'ounted %or cuttin- %eature#
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Mountin- te cuc4 on te #$ind*e can 7e a 7it tric48 #ince te nut#
'u#t 7e in#erted and #tarted onto te cuc4 'ountin- #tud# in te narro!
#$ace 7et!een te 7ac4 o% te #$ind*e $*ate and te %ront o% te ead#toc4
ca#tin-( I' not a 7i- -u8
Te ti-tenin- action o% ti# cuc4 #t8*e i# $er%or'ed 78 t!i#tin- te
7od8 u#in- %ir' and $re##ure on*8( i*e conenient, ti# %eature can
cau#e te cun4 to *oo#en i% too 'uc tor&uei# a$$*ied(
Te i'a-e# #o! te traditiona* 4e8ed #t8*e o% dri** cuc4 !it it#
4e8( Te ar7or i# #o!n #e$arate*8 to te ri-t( Te#e cuc4# re&uire a 4e8
to $roide te nece##ar8 tor&ue to ti-ten and *oo#en te a!#( Te rotar8
action o% te 4e8 turn# te outer 7od8 !ic act# on an interna* #cre! ti# in
turn 'oe# te treaded a!# in or out a*on- a ta$ered #ur%ace( Te ta$er
a**o!# te a!# to enco'$a## ariou# #iCe# o% dri** #an4#( Te end ie!
#o!# te tree #'a** a!# tat #*ide !itin te 7od8(
So'e i- $reci#ion cuc4# u#e 7a** tru#t 7earin-# to reduce %riction in te
c*o#in- 'ecani#' and 'a?i'iCin- dri**in- tor&ue( Te#e cuc4# are
#o'eti'e# re%erred to a# #u$er cuc4#(
DRILL BIT
"ri** 7it# are cuttin- too*# u#ed to create c8*indrica* o*e#( it# are
e*d in a too* ca**ed a dri**, !ic rotate# te' and $roide# tor&ueand a?ia*
%orce to create te o*e( S$ecia*iCed 7it# are a*#o aai*a7*e %or non9
c8*indrica*9#a$edo*e#(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_triangle8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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Ti# artic*e de#cri7e# te t8$e# o% dri** 7it# in ter'# o% te de#i-n o% te
cutter( Te oter end o% te dri** 7it, te #an4, i# de#cri7ed in te dri** 7it
#an4artic*e( "ri** 7it# co'e in #tandard #iCe#, de#cri7ed in te dri** 7it #iCe#
artic*e( A co'$reen#ie dri** and ta$ #iCe cart *i#t# 'etric and i'$eria*
#iCed dri**# a*on-#ide te re&uired #cre! ta$ #iCe#(
Te ter' dri** can re%er to a dri**in- 'acine, or can re%er to a dri** 7it %or
u#e in a dri**in- 'acine( In ti# artic*e, %or c*arit8, dri** 7it or 7it i# u#ed
trou-out to re%er to a 7it %or u#e in a dri**in- 'acine, and dri** re%er#
a*!a8# to a dri**in- 'acine(
T-IST DRILL
Te t!i#t dri** 7it i# te t8$e $roduced in *ar-e#t &uantit8 toda8( It
dri**# o*e# in 'eta*, $*a#tic, and !ood( A dri** 'ade in te 'anner ere in
de#cri7ed !i** 'a4e a $er%ect*8 #trai-t o*e( It !i** not dier-e %ro' it#
cour#e !i*e $a##in- trou- 7*o! o*e# or #o%t and ard $*ace#( Te ed-e
actua**8 cut# te 'eta*, tu# di'ini#in- te %riction and !ear o% te ed-e(
Te 7orin-# or ci$# are di#car-ed %ree*8, and te ed-e i# #tron-e#t at te
$eri$er8, !ere te #train i# -reate#t(
Te Mecanic "ri**# u#ed !ide*8 78 endor# to %urter de#cri7e te
*en-t o% te dri** it#e*%( Te actua* *en-t ? dia'eter 'u#t 7e %ound and
$u7*i#ed(
MATERIALS FOR BIT CONSTRUCTION
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_sizeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_and_tap_size_charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_sizeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_and_tap_size_charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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STEELS
So%t *o! car7on #tee*7it# are u#ed on*8 in !ood, a# te8 do not o*d
an ed-e !e** and re&uire %re&uent #ar$enin-( or4in- !it ard!ood#can
cau#e a noticea7*e reduction in *i%e#$an( Te8 are ine?$en#ie !en
co'$ared to oter too*# !it a *on-er *i%e(
Hi- car7on #tee* 7it# are 'ade %ro' i- car7on #tee*and are an
i'$roe'ent on $*ain #tee* due to te ardenin- and te'$erin-ca$a7i*itie#
o% te 'ateria*( Te#e 7it# can 7e u#ed on !ood or 'eta*, o!eer te8 ae
a *o! to*erance to e?ce##ie eat !ic cau#e# te' to *o#e teir te'$er,re#u*tin- in a #o%t cuttin- ed-e(
Hi- #$eed #tee*
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on*8 in #'a**er $iece# #cre!ed or 7raCed onto te ti$ o% te 7it( It i#
7eco'in- co''on in o7 #o$# to u#e #o*id car7ide dri**#, and in certain
indu#trie#, 'o#t nota7*8 Pdri**#, it a# 7een co''on$*ace %or a *on-
ti'e(
Po*8cr8#ta**ine dia'ond
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conentiona**8 'anu%actured and #toc4ed( >or e?a'$*e, riti# Standard S
32/ de%ine# #iCe# %ro' (2 '' to 25( ''(
In #'a**er #iCe#, 7it# are aai*a7*e in #'a**er dia'eter incre'ent#( Ti#
re%*ect# 7ot te #'a**er dri**ed o*e dia'eter to*erance $o##i7*e on #'a**er
o*e#, and a*#o te !i#e# o% de#i-ner# to ae dri** 7it #iCe# aai*a7*e !itin
at 'o#t 1 o% an ar7itrar8 #iCe o*e(
Te $rice and aai*a7i*it8 o% $articu*ar #iCe 7it# doe# not can-e uni%or'*8
acro## te #iCe ran-e( it# at #iCe incre'ent# o% 1 '' are 'o#t co''on*8
aai*a7*e and *o!e#t $rice( Set# o% 7it# in 1 '' incre'ent# 'i-t 7e %oundon a 'ar4et #ta**( In (5 '' incre'ent#, an8 ard!are #tore( In (1 ''
incre'ent#, an8 en-ineer# #tore( Set# are not co''on*8 aai*a7*e in #'a**er
#iCe incre'ent#, e?ce$t %or dri** 7it# 7e*o! 1 '' dia'eter( "ri** 7it# o% te
*e## routine*8 u#ed #iCe#, #uc a# 2(55 '', !ou*d ae to 7e ordered %ro' a
#$ecia*i#t dri** 7it #u$$*ier( Ti# #u7 #ettin- o% #tandard #iCe# i# in contra#t to
-enera* $ractice !it nu'7er -au-e dri** 7it#, !ere it i# rare to %ind a #et on
te 'ar4et !ic doe# not contain eer8 -au-e(
Metric di'en#ionin- i# routine*8 u#ed %or dri** 7it# o% a** t8$e#, a*tou- te
detai*# o% S32/ a$$*8 on*8 to t!i#t dri** 7it#( >or e?a'$*e, a #et o% %ore#ter
7it#'a8 contain 1, 15, 2, 25 and 3 '' dia'eter cutter#(
DRILL BIT SHAN=
Te #an4 i# te $art o% a dri** 7it-ra#$ed 78 te cuc4o% a dri**( Te
cuttin- ed-e# o% te dri** 7it are at one end, and te #an4 i# at te oter(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New
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"i%%erent #t8*e# o% #an4@cuc4 co'7ination de*ier di%%erent $er%or'ance,
#uc a# a**o!in- i-er tor&ue or -reater centerin- accurac8(
STRAIGHT SHAN=
Te #trai-t #an4 i# te 'o#t u#ua* #t8*e on 'odern dri** 7it#, 78 nu'7er
'anu%actured( It i# 'o#t o%ten 'ade te #a'e dia'eter a# te dri** 7it, %or
econo'8( It# ten e*d in a 39a! dri** cuc4( )er8 #'a** 7it# can ae
#trai-t #an4# *ar-er tan te dri** dia'eter, o%ten %or o*din- in a #tandard
#iCe co**et( Lar-e dri** 7it# can ae #trai-t #an4# #'a**er tan teir dri**
dia'eter, #o tat 'ediu'9#iCe cuc4# can 7e u#ed to dri** *ar-e o*e#( Suc adri** 7it i# ca**ed reduced9#an4 or a 7*ac4#'it# dri**( :ne $articu*ar t8$e o%
reduced9#an4 dri** 7it# are Si*er F "e'in-
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SPEED MEASUREMENT USING PRO>IMITY
P'6@$)$+ (6'
Inductie $ro?i'it8 #en#or# are !ide*8 u#ed in ariou# a$$*ication# to
detect 'eta* deice#( Te8 can 7e u#ed in ariou# eniron'ent#
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C$'&$+ ('$:+$6
Te !ee* t8$e 'eta* rod i# %i?ed in te 'otor #a%t( Te $ro?i'it8
#en#or i# $*aced near te #a%t( en te #a%t i# rotatin-, te 'eta* rod i#
cro##ed te $ro?i'it8 #en#or# #e&uentia**8( So te #en#or -ie# te $u*#e to
te 'icrocontro**er( No! te 'icrocontro**er count# te $u*#e( 8 u#in- ti#
$u*#e count !e can %ind reo*ution $er 'inute !ic i# e&ua* to #$eed o% te
'icrocontro**er(
RLA
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A re*a8 i# an e*ectrica**8 o$erated #!itc( urrent %*o!in- trou- te
coi* o% te re*a8 create# a 'a-netic %ie*d !ic attract# a *eer and can-e#
te #!itc contact#( Te coi* current can 7e on or o%% #o re*a8# ae t!o
#!itc $o#ition# and te8 are dou7*e tro! or e?a'$*e a *o! o*ta-e 7atter8 circuit can u#e a
re*a8 to #!itc a 23) A 'ain# circuit( Tere i# no e*ectrica* connectionin#ide te re*a8 7et!een te t!o circuit# te *in4 i# 'a-netic and
'ecanica*(
Te coi* o% a re*a8 $a##e# a re*atie*8 *ar-e current, t8$ica**8 3'A
%or a 12) re*a8, 7ut it can 7e a# 'uc a# 1'A %or re*a8# de#i-ned to
o$erate %ro' *o!er o*ta-e#( Mo#t I#
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Re*a8# are u#ua**8 SP"T or "P"T 7ut te8 can ae 'an8 'ore #et#
o% #!itc contact#, %or e?a'$*e re*a8# !it + #et# o% can-eoer contact# are
readi*8 aai*a7*e( Mo#t re*a8# are de#i-ned %or P 'ountin- 7ut 8ou can
#o*der !ire# direct*8 to te $in# $roidin- 8ou ta4e care to aoid 'e*tin- te
$*a#tic ca#e o% te re*a8( Te ani'ated $icture #o!# a !or4in- re*a8 !it
it# coi* and #!itc contact#( ou can #ee a *eer on te *e%t 7ein- attracted 78
'a-neti#' !en te coi* i# #!itced on( Ti# *eer 'oe# te #!itc
contact#( Tere i# one #et o% contact#
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N: ; Nor'a**8 :$en, :M i# connected to ti# !en te re*a8 coi* i#
on(
IRUIT "SRIPTI:N
Ti# circuit i# de#i-ned to contro* te *oad( Te *oad 'a8 7e 'otor
or an8 oter *oad( Te *oad i# turned :N and :>> trou- re*a8( Te re*a8
:N and :>> i# contro**ed 78 te $air o% #!itcin- tran#i#tor#
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DESIGN OF EUIPMENT AND DRA-ING
4.1 PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS AND ITS SPECIFICATION
Te auto'atic dri**in- 'acine con#i#t# o% te %o**o!in- co'$onent#
to %u** %i** te re&uire'ent# o% co'$*ete o$eration o% te 'acine(
1( $neu'atic rotor
2( So*enoid a*e
3( >*o! contro* a*e
+( onnector#
5( Ho#e#
6(dc 'otor
1. D6&*,( +$% :(&)+$ ,$('
T($, D+
Stro4e *en-t c8*inder #tro4e *en-t 1'' ;(1'
Pi#ton rod 1'' ;1 193'
Quantit8 1
Sea*# Nitride
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o(d o% te -ear ;3''
Tic4ne## o% -ear;1''
P(&)+$ &$+
T8$e o% c8*inder "ou7*e actin- c8*inder
T8$e o% a*e %*o! contro* a*e F#o*enoid a*e
Ma? air $re##ure / ?15N@'2
4.2. DESIGN CALCULATION
Ma? $re##ure a$$*ied in te c8*inder orce e?erted in te $i#ton = Pre##ure# a$$*ied area
:% c8*inder(
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DRA-ING
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DRA-ING FOR FABRICATION OF FULLY AUTOMATED
DRILLING MACHINE
BLOC= DIAGRAM
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MERITS AND DEMERITS
MERITS
It reduce# te 'anua* !or4
Quic4 o$eration
Accurac8 i# 'ore
ircu*ar dri**in- can 7e acieed
DEMERITS
Initia* ine#t'ent i# i-
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LIST OF MATERIALS
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
Te ariou# %actor# !ic deter'ine te coice o% 'ateria* are
di#cu##ed 7e*o!(
1. P'6:('+$(
Te 'ateria* #e*ected 'u#t $o##e# te nece##ar8 $ro$ertie# %or te
$ro$o#ed a$$*ication( Te ariou# re&uire'ent# to 7e #ati#%ied
an 7e !ei-t, #ur%ace %ini#, ri-idit8, a7i*it8 to !it#tand eniron'enta*
attac4 %ro' ce'ica*#, #erice *i%e, re*ia7i*it8 etc(
Te %o**o!in- %our t8$e# o% $rinci$*e $ro$ertie# o% 'ateria*#
deci#ie*8 a%%ect teir #e*ection
a( P8#ica*
7( Mecanica*c( >ro' 'anu%acturin- $oint o% ie!
d( e'ica*
Te ariou# $8#ica* $ro$ertie# concerned are 'e*tin- $oint, ter'a*
onductiit8, #$eci%ic eat, coe%%icient o% ter'a* e?$an#ion, #$eci%ic
-rait8, e*ectrica* conductiit8, 'a-netic $ur$o#e# etc(
Te ariou# Mecanica* $ro$ertie# oncerned are #tren-t in ten#i*e,
o'$re##ie #ear, 7endin-, tor#iona* and 7uc4*in- *oad, %ati-ue re#i#tance,
i'$act re#i#tance, e*ea#tic *i'it, endurance *i'it, and 'odu*u# o% e*a#ticit8,
ardne##, !ear re#i#tance and #*idin- $ro$ertie#(
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S.N6 DESCRIPTION TY MATERIAL AMOUNT
/R0
1 "ou7*e actin-$neu'atic 8*inder
1 a*u'inu'
2 So*enoid )a*e 1 A*u'inu'
3 >*o! ontro* )a*e 1 A*u'inu'
+ "ri**in- ead 1 M(S
5 ontro* unit 1 *ectronic
6 PU Tu7e# 5 'eter Po*8uretene
. Li'it #!itc 2 *ectronic
/ S$ur -ear 2 n8*on
0 "c 'otor 1 I
2. LABOUR COST
Late, dri**in-, !e*din-, dri**in-, $o!er ac4#a!, -a# cuttin- co#t
3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES
Te oeread car-e# are arried 78B 'anu%acturin- co#tB
Manu%acturin- o#t ;Materia* o#t La7our o#t
;
;
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:eread ar-e# ;2o% te 'anu%acturin- co#t
;
4. TOTAL COST
Tota* co#t ; Materia* o#t La7our o#t :eread ar-e#
;
;
Tota* co#t %or ti# $roect ;
CONCLUSION
Te $roect carried out 78 u# !i** 'a4e an i'$re##in- 'ar4 in te
%ie*d o% #'a** #ca*e indu#trie#( It i# er8 u#e%u**8 %or te !or4er# to carr8 out
te o$eration# in a #in-*e 'acine(
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