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Ceramic Membrane Pilot Testing on Lake Michigan

H. Shorney-Darby, G. Galjaard, J. Zheng, PWN Technologies, The NetherlandsR. Michaelson, P. Aumann

Manitowoc Public Utilities, Wisconsin, USA

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acknowledgements

• METAWATER, Japan• MPU staff• Rob Kooijman, PWNT• Harry Scheerman, PWNT

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background

• Manitowoc Public Utilities (MPU)– two membrane systems

• 11 mgd cartridge MF• 20 mgd submerged MF

– investigating ceramic membranes for future upgrade

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pilot plant

• METAWATER single element pilot– pre-sedimentation chamber– coagulation/flocculation– 25m2 ceramic microfilter (0.1 micron)– heated CIP

• November 2014 to January 2016– critical flux tests (uncoagulated)– coagulated trials– long-term testing

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modular pilot unit

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water source

• Lake Michigan– low turbidity– low DOC– low temperature

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water qualityParameter Units Raw Water Filtrate

Total aluminum mg/L <0.002 <0.002

Dissolved aluminum mg/L <0.002 __

Alkalinity mg/L 102 __

pH -- 8.2 __

turbidity NTU <1.0 __

TOC mg/L 1.87 __

DOC mg/L 1.74 __

Total iron mg/L <0.020 __

Total manganese mg/L <0.002 __

Date of sampling: 13-10-2015; Time of sampling: 10:30; Water temperature during sampling: 9.6 Celsius; Pilot coagulant dose: 20 ppm (13.64 ml/min ); Pilot flux 175 lmh or 104 gfd; Timing of sample in BW-EBW cycle: 17/8-1

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LC-OCD analysis (example)

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 20 40 60 80 100retention time (minute)

OCD

UVD

signal (-)

biopolymers

humics building blocks

LMW acids and HS

neutrals

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LC-OCD comparisonOCD detector signal (-)

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flow diagram

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turbidity (NTU)

TMP

turbidity

TMP (10 °C)

(kPa)(psi)36

29

22

15

7

0

TMP profile

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turbidity (NTU)

turbidity

TMP

TMP (10 °C)(psi)36

29

22

7

0

(kPa)

15

TMP profile

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Run 9Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 17.1 minutesNo. BWs until an EBW: 19coagulant dosage: none

TMP

turbidity

turbidity (NTU)TMP (10 °C)

(kPa)(psi)36

29

22

15

7

0

TMP profile

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Run 12Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 15coagulant dosage: 10 or 20 ppm as product

10 ppm coagulant dosagefouling rate: 0.52 psi/d (3.6 kPa/d)

20 ppm coagulant dosagefouling rate: -0.23 psi/d (-1.6 kPa/d)

TMP (10 °C)(psi)36

29

22

7

0

(kPa)

15

TMP profile

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Run 13Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 15coagulant dosage: 20 ppm as product

TMP (10 °C)(psi)36

29

22

7

0

(kPa)

15

TMP profile

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Run 14Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 23coagulant dosage: 15 ppm as product

15 ppm dosagefouling rate 0.17 psi/d(1.2 kPa/day)

under-dosed

15 ppm dosagefouling rate 0.15 psi/d(1.0 kPa/d)

hypo dosing pump air bound?

TMP (10 °C)(psi)36

29

22

7

0

(kPa)

15

TMP profile

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coagulant dosage (mg/L as product)

fouling rate(psi/d)

0.15

0.43

0

(kPa/d)

0.29

0.58

fouling rate comparison

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not able to maintain 103 gfd (175 lmh)

TMP (10 °C)(psi)58

44

29

0

(kPa)

15

TMP profile

pH sensor caked, mixing shaft not fixed, so inadequate mixing

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TMP profile

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Run 16Flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 20 ppm as product

TMP (10 °C)(psi)

36

29

22

7

0

(kPa)

15

TMP profile

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TMP profile

TMP (10 °C)

Run 17flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7

(psi)

15

12

9

3

0

(kPa)

6

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TMP profile

TMP (10 °C)

Run 17flux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7

(psi)

15

12

9

3

0

(kPa)

6

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TMP profile

Run 17aflux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 21.4 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 17coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7

TMP (50 °F / 10 °C )

psi kPa

36

29

22

15

7

0

fouling rate 0.014 psi/day or 0.1 kPa/day

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TMP profile

Run 17bflux: 103 gfd (175 lmh)BW interval: 40 minutesNo. BWs until EBW: 12coagulant dosage: 10 ppm as productcoagulant pH: 7

TMP (50 °F / 10 °C )

psi kPa

36

29

22

15

7

0

fouling rate -0.03 psi/day or -0.2 kPa/day

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LabSample

DateTime of sample

Water temp (oC)

pH

Total Aluminum (mg/L) (unfiltered)

Raw CeraMac Feed Filtrate

Eurofins 29 - 10 14:20 9.9 7.06 -- 1.5 0.07

Eurofins 29 - 10 14:42 9.9 7.04 -- 1.5 0.07

Eurofins 29 - 10 15:05 9.9 7.09 -- 1.4 0.067

Eurofins 29 - 10 15:30 9.9 7.11 -- 1.4 0.058

Eurofins 29-10 15:55 9.9 7.12 -- 1.4 0.052

Note: 10 mg/L coagulant

aluminum results

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UVT (percent)

UVT comparison

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fouling rate (10 °C )

run number

5.8

7.3

0

(kPa/d)8.7

(psi/d)

4.4

2.9

1.5

fouling rate

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Initial run specific flux (10 °C)

run number

(Lmh/bar)(gfd/psi)

36.6

48.8

0

61.0

24.4

12.2

initial specific flux

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pilot findings

• membrane performance improved with pre-coagulation

• stable operation at 104 gfd (175 lmh)– coagulant at 10 mg/L– CIP interval >> 45 days– BW interval = 22 minutes (testing 40 min)– EBWs after 17 BWs (testing 12 BWs)

• in-line coagulation with good mixing and pH 7 for Sumalchlor 50

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pilot findings

• EBW with NaOCl at 100 mg/L• EBW at pH < 3 with H2SO4

• avg TMP = 3.6 psi (24.7 kPa) at 10oC• organics – low, but present as biopolymers

and humics which contribute to fouling

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Questions