Ceramic Water Filter Household water treatment solution
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Contents Overview Introduction Overview - Scope Overview -
Different Solutions Suitability of Ceramic Filter Ceramic Filter
Design Specifications and Comparison Advantages Disadvantages
Conclusion References
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Overview - Introduction Safe drinking water is not available to
one in five people Water related diseases kills a child in every 15
seconds Some women and young children and walk up to six miles a
day in order to store water for their families Microbial
contamination is a widespread and the most common health risk
linked with drinking water (WHO, 2004). In several parts of the
world, certain chemicals, including nitrate, fluoride and arsenic,
is producing serious health effects from excessive contact through
drinking water, e.g., an estimation of 160 million people are
affected by arsenic contamination globally (WHO, 2008). In
Bangladesh, arsenic contamination is exposed by approx. 30 40
million people, with an estimated 2.5 million people developing
some form of arsenicosis symptom in their lifetime and over the
next 50 years arsenic induced cancer is killing over 320,000 people
(World Bank, 2005). Women carrying water drums
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Overview - Scope Studies have shown that safe storage
interventions and household water treatment reduce diarrheal
disease incidence and improve water quality. Five of these proven
options; ceramic filtration, solar disinfection, slow sand
filtration, chlorination, and flocculation/disinfection are widely
implemented. The decision of choosing a suitable option is often
hard, depending on existing water and sanitation conditions,
availability of technology, implementation feasibility, cultural
acceptability and other local conditions.
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Overview - Different Solutions Ceramic Filters: Pours in
ceramic pots, disks and candles cause filtration of water. Solar
Disinfection: Pasteurization causes disinfection when left in the
sun for over six hours. Boiling Water: Microbes are disinfected by
heat. Flocculent: The precipitation of minerals are caused by
chemicals so that they remove bacteria and clump together Bio-Sand
Filter: A biological layer trap and sand feeds off of contaminants
and microorganisms, usually for household use Ceramic filter Solar
disinfection Boiling water Flocculent disinfectant Bio-sand
filter
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Suitability of Ceramic Filter Ceramic water filter is an
exceptionally inexpensive and effective solution in providing safe
drinking water in a nation that is in great need of just such a
systematic solution. This water filter solution is exclusively
suited, both practically and culturally, for use in countries where
water-borne diseases are the main factor in life expectancy, infant
mortality and overall quality of life. A factory of this water
filter can be built as a sustainable source of highly effective
water filters, as well as employment, into the predictable
future.
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Ceramic Filter Currently, the Potters for Peace design is the
most broadly implemented ceramic filter. The flowerpot shaped
filter holds about 8-10 liters of water and sits inside a ceramic
or plastic receptacle. To use the ceramic filters, families fill
the ceramic filter or the top receptacle itself with water, which
flows via ceramic filter or filters into a storage receptacle.
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Design The design of ceramic pot filters is simple. The whole
filter, basically, comprises of four parts. The most important part
of the filter is the ceramic pot that includes the filtering
element. There is a receptacle tank (mostly a plastic bucket) and
the filter fits inside of it. There is a lid to shelter the filter
and keep out contamination and dirt, and there is a spigot
connected at the base of the receptacle through which filtered
water is available for use.
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Specifications and Comparison
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Advantages Reduces protozoa and bacteria in water Simple to
accept and use Reduces diarrheal disease incidence for consumers
Long life if the filter residues unbroken One time low cost E. coli
bacteria
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Disadvantages Effectiveness against viruses is low Can lead to
recontamination because of No residual protection Spare parts are
needed because filters can break over time Flow rate for non-turbid
waters is low, i.e. 1-3 liters per hour Receptacles and Filters
must be cleaned frequently, specifically after filtering turbid
water Hepatitis A Virus
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Conclusion Ceramic filtration is most suitable in areas where
there is capacity for quality ceramics filter manufacturing, a
distribution system for replacement of broken portions, and
consumer training on how to correctly use and maintain the filter.
The effectiveness of ceramic filters at eliminating protozoa,
viruses and bacteria depends on the manufacturing quality of the
ceramic filter. As compared to other water treatment solutions,
ceramic filter require a low cost one time, highly acceptable and
effective.
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References http://www.marlerblog.com/E_coli_lge.jpg
http://puritech.co.za/images/Ceramic%20Filter.gif
http://www.drinking-water.org/assets/181x/00000295.jpg
http://ttt.astro.su.se/~magnusg/large/Boiling_water.jpg
http://www.dahlias.net/dahwebpg/Soil/ImgSoil/AlumSulf25.JPG
http://www.acrest.org/admin//public/img/biosand-filter03.jpg WHO,
2004. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Vol. 1. 3rd Edition.
Geneva. WHO, 2008. Arsenic Contamination in the World: An
International Sourcebook. Forthcoming Publication. World Bank,
2005. Towards a More Effective Operational Response Arsenic
Contamination of Groundwater in South and East Asian Countries.
Vol. 1. Policy Report. Washington.