THE CERN PS COMPLEX: A MULTIPURPOSE PARTICLE SOURCE

The PS Staff presented by Roy Billinge

CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

Summary

The CERN Proton Synchrotron (GPS) was designed in the mid fifties and commissioned in 1959. It consists of a 200 m diameter ring originally fed by a 50 MeV Alvarez Linac with single 0 turn injection. The intensity was then a few 101 protons per pulse (ppp) which produced short bursts (a few milliseconds long) of secondary partiales from two internal targets.

The PS is now the hub of a complex of ten interleaved accelerators operating, under construction or at an advanced design stage, capable of ~upplying seven types of partiales (p, p, e+, e-, d, a, o+B) to all CERN large machines: ISR, SPS and LEP, or directly to medium and low energy experiments, with intensities ranging from 108 ppp to 2.1013ppp conditioned in bunches down to 4 ns or in slow spills exceeding 1000 s.

1 1 1

General description

The PS complex (fig. 1) comprises:

Fig. 1

Two 50 MeV Alvarez proton Linear accèlerators:

Linac 1 is the original PS injecter (commissioned in 1958) and is now dedicated to ion production and low intensity proton and H-test beams for LEAR,

Linac 2 is a high intensity (100-150 mA) long pulse (20 to 150 µs) Alvarez proton linear accelerator designed for high stability, and high reliability proton production for the whole CERN (except the SC). It has been in successful operation since 1979.

- An 800 MeV (1.46 GeV/c) vertically stacked four-ring injecter synchrotron, the PS Booster or 1 ~SB. Designed to increase the PS intensity. From 10 pp to 1013 pp, it has since then been considerably improved. Its

features, key factor potential.

in in

particular the four rings, have been a the development of the PS complex

_ The PS ring still with its initial set of 100 combined function magnets and some of its stainless steel vacuum chambers (but with all the other elements replaced).

- A 157 m circumference (1/4 Antiproton Accumulator (AA) 26 GeV/c protons regrouped circumference.

of the PS) 3,5 GeV/c fed with p produced by

on 1/4 of the PS

- A low energy 80 m circumference antiproton.accele~a­tor and stretcher ring (LEAR) supplied with antiprotons from th~ AA and decelerated by the PS, capable of providing pin the 0.1 to 2 GeV/c range with ultra-slow spills exceeding 1000 s.

- For the production and conditioning of electrons (e-) and positrons (e+) for LEP, a cascade of three new machines are now under construction:

f'S ACCELEllArolf COMnCK

= a high intensity 200 MeV electron Linac with a 2,5 A current and a 100 Hz repetition rate to produce e+ partiales in a converter target.

= a 600 MeV low current (8840 mA) el9ctron for accelerating the e+/e- (6 10 and 3 10 per respectively) to the PS injection energy.

linac pulse

an electron-positron accumulator ring (EPA) operating at 600 MeV, which will accumulate the partiales produced by successive linac pulses for periods :anging up to 11 s before transfer and acceleration in the PS, then in the SPS and LEP.

- 1.0-

- In view of improving the performance of the CERN antiproton source, a large acceptance (Ôp/p of 6% and 200 n.mm.mrad transverse) 3.5 GeV/c Antiproton Collec­ter (AC), to be placed between the p production target and the AA, is under active study.

All these machines are interconnected by an intricate network of beam transfer channels with a variety of beam deflecting elements for single or multiturn injection/extraction, resonant extraction and beam switching.

Modes of operation

The PS is required to provide, on pulse basis, beams of widely different its different users. For example, supercycle used during p runs is made 2.4 s PS main magnet cycles (fig. 2).

Pl Jv,iurtvtft ll,l,JIC

l'--~~---i ;o ,,..,1111.,.,, . JPJ p lroMftr

a pulse to properties to

the 28.8 s up of 12 basic

..AÂÀAJ or p produdion 'Jl'fld.i;(/,Nf

~ j 1 ~ cyc/1 °1,11u 1

!SR

p pmlvrl'"' 1

~ ~ Fig. 2

1 l ~ 1

W. 1"~;·

LEAR LFAR C!Jtlt • 1, 2 .ru

While six of these cycles are dedicated to p production or transfer, the remaining ones can be used for ISR filling, medium energy neutrino productioni supply of test beams in the East area and p deceleration for LEAR.

If any user does not require beams its cycles are automatically replaced by further p production cycles.

Moreover, one or several cycles can be used for machine studies both in the PSB and PS on a "cycle stealing" basis.

The various beams and their properties are summarized in the table below.

Control of beam properties

In order to produce the sets of beams described above one must be able to change their characteristics from pulse to pulse according to the intended use. The numerous possible beam manipulations can only be briefly outlined here.

-H-

Intensity adjustment is achieved mainly in the PS Booster where a totat1factor of m93e than 200 is poss­ible for protons (10 to'"2.4 10 pp).

Additional intensity control can be achieved in the PS ring wi.th dedicated internal targets.

Transverse emittance adjustment. Achieved basicaliy in the booster (sieve and shaving dipoles) and with fine tuning by internal targets, if needed.

Longitudinal ernittanoe adjustment . Performed in the .PS on two flat steps at 1.7 and 3,5 GeV/c by a 200 MHz RF voltage, phase modulated with respect to the fundamental 9,5 MHz RF component.

Bunch length and bunch shape adjustment. At constant longitudinal emittance, the bunches delivered to the users can be adjusted in length by two different methods: (a) RF voltage reduction, (b) jump to the RF unstable fixed point to allow beam stretching followed by return to the stable fixed point and bunch rotation.

For some uses further beam manipulations are necessary: (a) the twenty 9.5 MHz bunches are debunched then recaptured by a 200 MHz RF system giving high intensity bunch to bucket injection in the SPS for fixed target physics, (b) compression of the proton beam into 1/4 of the PS circumference for p production. It is achieved in two steps:

- the beams for the four PSB rings are extracted two by two at 1.46 GeV/c and combined vertically to give two sets of five intense bunches in the PS.

- this is followed by the longitudinal combination at 26 GeV/c.

Bunch compression is obtained by stretching on the unstable fixed point. The large longitudinal acoeptance is achieved by tuning the RF cavities to harmonie number h=6 while filamentation during bunch rotation is avoided by tuning some cavities to harmonie number h=12.

To produce these various beams, many transverse and longitudinal collective effects, both in the Booster and the PS had to be cured.

Hardware and controls aspects

It is impossible to do justice in a few lines or even to quote all the ingenious developments and technical systems and devices which have permitted the present PS complex achievements or are preparing its near term future. We can only quote a few examples.

- Linac 1 has been brought out of retirement and equipped with fast feedbaok loops for amplitude and phase on all RF chaina. Preparations are in progress in collaboration with GSI and LBL for Oxygen ion acceleration.

- With the aim of simplifying operation a radio­frequency quadrupole has beén built and operated with 80 mA proton current. It is intended for installation on Linac 1.

- Improved PSB beam is in part due to the 2nd harmonie RF cavity, giving a lower bunching factor.

- The vacuum system of the PS complex has been considerably upgraded. Average residual gas pressure in the PSB and PS are now in the 10 Torr region. Two machines (AA and LEAR) have ultra highvacuum systems

THE CERN PS COMPLEX: A MULTIPURPOSE PARTICLE SOURCE

The PS Staff presented by Roy Billinge

CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

Summary

The CERN Proton Synchrotron (GPS) was designed in the mid fifties and commissioned in 1959. It consists of a 200 m diameter ring originally fed by a 50 MeV Alvarez Linac with single 0 turn injection. The intensity was then a few 101 protons per pulse (ppp) which produced short bursts (a few milliseconds long) of secondary partiales from two internal targets.

The PS is now the hub of a complex of ten interleaved accelerators operating, under construction or at an advanced design stage, capable of ~upplying seven types of partiales (p, p, e+, e-, d, a, o+B) to all CERN large machines: ISR, SPS and LEP, or directly to medium and low energy experiments, with intensities ranging from 108 ppp to 2.1013ppp conditioned in bunches down to 4 ns or in slow spills exceeding 1000 s.

1 1 1

General description

The PS complex (fig. 1) comprises:

Fig. 1

Two 50 MeV Alvarez proton Linear accèlerators:

Linac 1 is the original PS injecter (commissioned in 1958) and is now dedicated to ion production and low intensity proton and H-test beams for LEAR,

Linac 2 is a high intensity (100-150 mA) long pulse (20 to 150 µs) Alvarez proton linear accelerator designed for high stability, and high reliability proton production for the whole CERN (except the SC). It has been in successful operation since 1979.

- An 800 MeV (1.46 GeV/c) vertically stacked four-ring injecter synchrotron, the PS Booster or 1 ~SB. Designed to increase the PS intensity. From 10 pp to 1013 pp, it has since then been considerably improved. Its

features, key factor potential.

in in

particular the four rings, have been a the development of the PS complex

_ The PS ring still with its initial set of 100 combined function magnets and some of its stainless steel vacuum chambers (but with all the other elements replaced).

- A 157 m circumference (1/4 Antiproton Accumulator (AA) 26 GeV/c protons regrouped circumference.

of the PS) 3,5 GeV/c fed with p produced by

on 1/4 of the PS

- A low energy 80 m circumference antiproton.accele~a­tor and stretcher ring (LEAR) supplied with antiprotons from th~ AA and decelerated by the PS, capable of providing pin the 0.1 to 2 GeV/c range with ultra-slow spills exceeding 1000 s.

- For the production and conditioning of electrons (e-) and positrons (e+) for LEP, a cascade of three new machines are now under construction:

f'S ACCELEllArolf COMnCK

= a high intensity 200 MeV electron Linac with a 2,5 A current and a 100 Hz repetition rate to produce e+ partiales in a converter target.

= a 600 MeV low current (8840 mA) el9ctron for accelerating the e+/e- (6 10 and 3 10 per respectively) to the PS injection energy.

linac pulse

an electron-positron accumulator ring (EPA) operating at 600 MeV, which will accumulate the partiales produced by successive linac pulses for periods :anging up to 11 s before transfer and acceleration in the PS, then in the SPS and LEP.

- 1.0-

- In view of improving the performance of the CERN antiproton source, a large acceptance (Ôp/p of 6% and 200 n.mm.mrad transverse) 3.5 GeV/c Antiproton Collec­ter (AC), to be placed between the p production target and the AA, is under active study.

All these machines are interconnected by an intricate network of beam transfer channels with a variety of beam deflecting elements for single or multiturn injection/extraction, resonant extraction and beam switching.

Modes of operation

The PS is required to provide, on pulse basis, beams of widely different its different users. For example, supercycle used during p runs is made 2.4 s PS main magnet cycles (fig. 2).

Pl Jv,iurtvtft ll,l,JIC

l'--~~---i ;o ,,..,1111.,.,, . JPJ p lroMftr

a pulse to properties to

the 28.8 s up of 12 basic

..AÂÀAJ or p produdion 'Jl'fld.i;(/,Nf

~ j 1 ~ cyc/1 °1,11u 1

!SR

p pmlvrl'"' 1

~ ~ Fig. 2

1 l ~ 1

W. 1"~;·

LEAR LFAR C!Jtlt • 1, 2 .ru

While six of these cycles are dedicated to p production or transfer, the remaining ones can be used for ISR filling, medium energy neutrino productioni supply of test beams in the East area and p deceleration for LEAR.

If any user does not require beams its cycles are automatically replaced by further p production cycles.

Moreover, one or several cycles can be used for machine studies both in the PSB and PS on a "cycle stealing" basis.

The various beams and their properties are summarized in the table below.

Control of beam properties

In order to produce the sets of beams described above one must be able to change their characteristics from pulse to pulse according to the intended use. The numerous possible beam manipulations can only be briefly outlined here.

-H-

Intensity adjustment is achieved mainly in the PS Booster where a totat1factor of m93e than 200 is poss­ible for protons (10 to'"2.4 10 pp).

Additional intensity control can be achieved in the PS ring wi.th dedicated internal targets.

Transverse emittance adjustment. Achieved basicaliy in the booster (sieve and shaving dipoles) and with fine tuning by internal targets, if needed.

Longitudinal ernittanoe adjustment . Performed in the .PS on two flat steps at 1.7 and 3,5 GeV/c by a 200 MHz RF voltage, phase modulated with respect to the fundamental 9,5 MHz RF component.

Bunch length and bunch shape adjustment. At constant longitudinal emittance, the bunches delivered to the users can be adjusted in length by two different methods: (a) RF voltage reduction, (b) jump to the RF unstable fixed point to allow beam stretching followed by return to the stable fixed point and bunch rotation.

For some uses further beam manipulations are necessary: (a) the twenty 9.5 MHz bunches are debunched then recaptured by a 200 MHz RF system giving high intensity bunch to bucket injection in the SPS for fixed target physics, (b) compression of the proton beam into 1/4 of the PS circumference for p production. It is achieved in two steps:

- the beams for the four PSB rings are extracted two by two at 1.46 GeV/c and combined vertically to give two sets of five intense bunches in the PS.

- this is followed by the longitudinal combination at 26 GeV/c.

Bunch compression is obtained by stretching on the unstable fixed point. The large longitudinal acoeptance is achieved by tuning the RF cavities to harmonie number h=6 while filamentation during bunch rotation is avoided by tuning some cavities to harmonie number h=12.

To produce these various beams, many transverse and longitudinal collective effects, both in the Booster and the PS had to be cured.

Hardware and controls aspects

It is impossible to do justice in a few lines or even to quote all the ingenious developments and technical systems and devices which have permitted the present PS complex achievements or are preparing its near term future. We can only quote a few examples.

- Linac 1 has been brought out of retirement and equipped with fast feedbaok loops for amplitude and phase on all RF chaina. Preparations are in progress in collaboration with GSI and LBL for Oxygen ion acceleration.

- With the aim of simplifying operation a radio­frequency quadrupole has beén built and operated with 80 mA proton current. It is intended for installation on Linac 1.

- Improved PSB beam is in part due to the 2nd harmonie RF cavity, giving a lower bunching factor.

- The vacuum system of the PS complex has been considerably upgraded. Average residual gas pressure in the PSB and PS are now in the 10 Torr region. Two machines (AA and LEAR) have ultra highvacuum systems

and opera te respecti vely in the 10-10 and 10-12 Torr range. Difficult mechanical design problems had to be solved, e.g. the flexible bellows and articulations for moving mechanisms of AA shutters.

- The growth in tasks has been accompanied by an increased complexity in RF systems operating at 3 to 9,5, 114 and 200 MHz and as shown in the table, the PS operates with RF harmonie numbers (6, 10 1 12, 16, 19, 20, 21, 40, 240, 420).

- Bearn transfer between machines has become exceedingly intricate (see fig. 1). At present, the particle traffic is directed by an array of about 50 kickers and 3o·septa, with nearly 150 thyrotrons for kicker switching. With electron-positron operation the number of kickers and septa will rise still further. The EPA injection kickers have to operate at 100 Hz and the extraction kickers for transferring 4 or 8 bunches during a single PS turn will require a special high burst repetition rate pulse generator.

- In the whole complex a total of about 1200 pulsed and d.c. magnet power supplies are used. A further 200 will be required for the LPI machines. A wide range of equipment ranging from 25 year old motor-ge­nerator sets to modern high precision thyristor supplies is present, with power ratings up to the Bo MW peak power motor-generator set for the PS ring magnets.

- The numerous beam diagnostics devices necessary for setting up and monitoring have been reported elsewhere.

The frequent and intricate transactions described above, are only possible thanks to a highly versatile and performing operation-oriented controls system. The integrated controls system was constructed, taken into operation in 1980 for the Booster and further completed in steps in the years thereafter. The system is compatible with the SPS one, but goes beyond it in speed, versatility and parallelism in order to cope, respectively, with the short cycle time, cycle-to-cycle modulation, and the intricacy of transactions inherent to the GPS accelerator complex.

The speed is largely achieved by incorporating a micro-computer into nearly every CAMAC interface crate. These deal with the cycle-to-cycle refreshment of control values, with buffering of data bursts acquired from beam instrumentation and with real time control of the latter. In addition to sophisticated applications software, a multiplexed wide-band signal network and an interactive alarm system are essential.

A dedicated, computer assisted system called Program Lines Sequencer, coordinates and controls execution during the super-cycle and allows interactive composition of the super-cycle from the consoles. Consoles can be temporarily dedicated to a chosen cycle of the super-cycle, thus giving the operator the impression of working alone on one machine (virtual accelerator) and with one particular beam, while he is actually sharing a string of accelerators with other consoles working on other cycles and beams.

Finally it is worth pointing out that in spite of the growing complexity one has been able to maintain good reliability. Down time is only a few hours per year for Linac 2, the PSB and the PS. During the key pp run of the spring 1983, which allowed the discovery of the z , the AA accumulated continuously for 808 hours, and0 the overall availability of the PS complex

was 92.5%.

Conclusions

Twenty-four years after its commissioning the GPS is the most versatile, multi-particle accelerator complex. It has been successfully adapted to all reasonable (and sometimes even unreasonable) requi­rements of its users. Although some limits have been reached, ingenuity and inventiveness have made it possible to find ways to go beyond them.

Ref ~

A complete description with references is to be published as a CERN Report.

-12-

Momentum User and GeV / o/ charge particle

Inj. Ejec.

SPS p 1.46 10

AA P 1.46 26

East Area p 1.46 19-24

ISR p 1.46 3.5-26

Neutrino p 1.46 19.2

ses p 1.46 26

1.46 26

SPS p 26

AA P 1 .46 3,5

LEAR P 1.46 3.5--0.6

SPS p 3.5 26

ISR p 3.5 26

3,5 3.5

LEAR p 3.5 0.6

ISRdor" 0.31 26.2

ISR d 1.46 26.2

ISR a 1.46 26.2

East Area a 1.46 24

SPS O&+ 1.46 26.2

LEP e- o.6 3,5 + LEP e o.6 3.5 ., not no liz nna ed

Intensity Nol'!ll.Erni ttances (charges) (95~ particles) per pulse ll .am.mrad

Horiz. Vert.

1.8-2x1013

80 40

1.4x1013 80 100

1-7x1012

20· 4C 15-30

3xl012 40 20

1.25x1013 60 30

20 b 1011

20 20

1 b 2x1Ô1

20 20

1 b 1.4x1011

1 b 2x10 lO 20 20

5x108

-1010

~ 20 ~ 20

2x1022x10 lO 15 15

2x1o22x1010

15 15

8x1010

15 15

3x1J!2x10 9 15 15

6x1011

15 15 1012 15 15 1012 15 15

104- 10

11 15 15

3X109 ? ?

8x1010 1 • 1.

8x1010 1 • 1 •

1 .. ) at !. 2 a

Table

PS ACCELERATED BEAMS

RF Bunch Number Longitu-haro>onic length of deli- dinal emit- InJec. Extraction

number total at vered tance per Sect. Ut1lisation/c0111Dents baseline bunches bunch Sect. Mode

(ns) (eVs)

20/420 5 420 1 42 16 Multiturn SPS fixed target

19/20/21 30 5 0.45 42 16 Fast p production. Beam combined over 1/4 of PS circumference

20 debunched beam o. 15 42 62 Resonant Test Beams.

20 18 20 0.3 42 16 Fast ISR pp collider

20 18 20 0.3 42 16 Fast Neutrino oscilla t. physics.

20 5 20 0.3 42 16 Fast SPS tuning f. pp collider oper.

20/6/12 4 1 0.45 42 16 Fast p beam for SPS pp oollider oper.

li 1 0.5 58 - Test with p of PS...SPS p trans-fer (baokwards p injection)

20/6 80 1 o.45 42 16 Fast AA-PS transfer tests. AA tests wi th inversed polari ty

20/10 1 0.45 42 - - Deoeleration tests

6/12 4 1 0.5 16 58 Fast Pilot pulse for tuning 'Big Shot' for physics

6 20 1 0.5 16 58 Fast Pilot pulse for tuning 'Big Shot' for physics

- 350 1 2 16 38 Fast ISR p beam colliding wi th H

2 gas jet

10 180 1 0.5 16 26 Fast Ë deceleration in PS for LEAR p physios

40/20 20 20 0.3 26 16 Fast Injection from 50 MeV Linac

20 20 20 0.3 42 16 Fast Injection frooi PS Booster

20 20 20 0.3 42 16 Fast Injection frooi PS Booster

20 debunohed beam 26/42 62 Resonant Physics wi th alpha particles

20 ? 120

? 42 16 Fast Under study

240 2 8** 0.023 •• 74 16 Fast First beam in 1986 240

1

2 e•• 0.023 •• 92 16 1 Fast

- :13-

and opera te respecti vely in the 10-10 and 10-12 Torr range. Difficult mechanical design problems had to be solved, e.g. the flexible bellows and articulations for moving mechanisms of AA shutters.

- The growth in tasks has been accompanied by an increased complexity in RF systems operating at 3 to 9,5, 114 and 200 MHz and as shown in the table, the PS operates with RF harmonie numbers (6, 10 1 12, 16, 19, 20, 21, 40, 240, 420).

- Bearn transfer between machines has become exceedingly intricate (see fig. 1). At present, the particle traffic is directed by an array of about 50 kickers and 3o·septa, with nearly 150 thyrotrons for kicker switching. With electron-positron operation the number of kickers and septa will rise still further. The EPA injection kickers have to operate at 100 Hz and the extraction kickers for transferring 4 or 8 bunches during a single PS turn will require a special high burst repetition rate pulse generator.

- In the whole complex a total of about 1200 pulsed and d.c. magnet power supplies are used. A further 200 will be required for the LPI machines. A wide range of equipment ranging from 25 year old motor-ge­nerator sets to modern high precision thyristor supplies is present, with power ratings up to the Bo MW peak power motor-generator set for the PS ring magnets.

- The numerous beam diagnostics devices necessary for setting up and monitoring have been reported elsewhere.

The frequent and intricate transactions described above, are only possible thanks to a highly versatile and performing operation-oriented controls system. The integrated controls system was constructed, taken into operation in 1980 for the Booster and further completed in steps in the years thereafter. The system is compatible with the SPS one, but goes beyond it in speed, versatility and parallelism in order to cope, respectively, with the short cycle time, cycle-to-cycle modulation, and the intricacy of transactions inherent to the GPS accelerator complex.

The speed is largely achieved by incorporating a micro-computer into nearly every CAMAC interface crate. These deal with the cycle-to-cycle refreshment of control values, with buffering of data bursts acquired from beam instrumentation and with real time control of the latter. In addition to sophisticated applications software, a multiplexed wide-band signal network and an interactive alarm system are essential.

A dedicated, computer assisted system called Program Lines Sequencer, coordinates and controls execution during the super-cycle and allows interactive composition of the super-cycle from the consoles. Consoles can be temporarily dedicated to a chosen cycle of the super-cycle, thus giving the operator the impression of working alone on one machine (virtual accelerator) and with one particular beam, while he is actually sharing a string of accelerators with other consoles working on other cycles and beams.

Finally it is worth pointing out that in spite of the growing complexity one has been able to maintain good reliability. Down time is only a few hours per year for Linac 2, the PSB and the PS. During the key pp run of the spring 1983, which allowed the discovery of the z , the AA accumulated continuously for 808 hours, and0 the overall availability of the PS complex

was 92.5%.

Conclusions

Twenty-four years after its commissioning the GPS is the most versatile, multi-particle accelerator complex. It has been successfully adapted to all reasonable (and sometimes even unreasonable) requi­rements of its users. Although some limits have been reached, ingenuity and inventiveness have made it possible to find ways to go beyond them.

Ref ~

A complete description with references is to be published as a CERN Report.

-12-

Momentum User and GeV / o/ charge particle

Inj. Ejec.

SPS p 1.46 10

AA P 1.46 26

East Area p 1.46 19-24

ISR p 1.46 3.5-26

Neutrino p 1.46 19.2

ses p 1.46 26

1.46 26

SPS p 26

AA P 1 .46 3,5

LEAR P 1.46 3.5--0.6

SPS p 3.5 26

ISR p 3.5 26

3,5 3.5

LEAR p 3.5 0.6

ISRdor" 0.31 26.2

ISR d 1.46 26.2

ISR a 1.46 26.2

East Area a 1.46 24

SPS O&+ 1.46 26.2

LEP e- o.6 3,5 + LEP e o.6 3.5 ., not no liz nna ed

Intensity Nol'!ll.Erni ttances (charges) (95~ particles) per pulse ll .am.mrad

Horiz. Vert.

1.8-2x1013

80 40

1.4x1013 80 100

1-7x1012

20· 4C 15-30

3xl012 40 20

1.25x1013 60 30

20 b 1011

20 20

1 b 2x1Ô1

20 20

1 b 1.4x1011

1 b 2x10 lO 20 20

5x108

-1010

~ 20 ~ 20

2x1022x10 lO 15 15

2x1o22x1010

15 15

8x1010

15 15

3x1J!2x10 9 15 15

6x1011

15 15 1012 15 15 1012 15 15

104- 10

11 15 15

3X109 ? ?

8x1010 1 • 1.

8x1010 1 • 1 •

1 .. ) at !. 2 a

Table

PS ACCELERATED BEAMS

RF Bunch Number Longitu-haro>onic length of deli- dinal emit- InJec. Extraction

number total at vered tance per Sect. Ut1lisation/c0111Dents baseline bunches bunch Sect. Mode

(ns) (eVs)

20/420 5 420 1 42 16 Multiturn SPS fixed target

19/20/21 30 5 0.45 42 16 Fast p production. Beam combined over 1/4 of PS circumference

20 debunched beam o. 15 42 62 Resonant Test Beams.

20 18 20 0.3 42 16 Fast ISR pp collider

20 18 20 0.3 42 16 Fast Neutrino oscilla t. physics.

20 5 20 0.3 42 16 Fast SPS tuning f. pp collider oper.

20/6/12 4 1 0.45 42 16 Fast p beam for SPS pp oollider oper.

li 1 0.5 58 - Test with p of PS...SPS p trans-fer (baokwards p injection)

20/6 80 1 o.45 42 16 Fast AA-PS transfer tests. AA tests wi th inversed polari ty

20/10 1 0.45 42 - - Deoeleration tests

6/12 4 1 0.5 16 58 Fast Pilot pulse for tuning 'Big Shot' for physics

6 20 1 0.5 16 58 Fast Pilot pulse for tuning 'Big Shot' for physics

- 350 1 2 16 38 Fast ISR p beam colliding wi th H

2 gas jet

10 180 1 0.5 16 26 Fast Ë deceleration in PS for LEAR p physios

40/20 20 20 0.3 26 16 Fast Injection from 50 MeV Linac

20 20 20 0.3 42 16 Fast Injection frooi PS Booster

20 20 20 0.3 42 16 Fast Injection frooi PS Booster

20 debunohed beam 26/42 62 Resonant Physics wi th alpha particles

20 ? 120

? 42 16 Fast Under study

240 2 8** 0.023 •• 74 16 Fast First beam in 1986 240

1

2 e•• 0.023 •• 92 16 1 Fast

- :13-