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The Industrial Revolution

From England to America

Americans felt a new sense of nationalism, a sense of patriotism and strong national identity.

In addition, with the demise of the Federalist Party (due to their opposition to the War of 1812), a new sense of national unity came about - the Era of Good Feelings; there were no major political party divisions.

Conditions after the War of 1812 fostered the development of industry and contributed to the industrial revolution.

Democratic-Republican War Hawks carried on Federalist policies and beliefs like tariffs, trade, a strong nation with a strong army and navy, and energetic development of the nation’s economy.

Conditions after the War of 1812 fostered the development of industry.

Video ClipsThroughout this presentation, you will view a series

of video clips. On the next page in your spiral (after the page you’ll glue this handout on), you’ll take notes on these clips.

Title the page, Video Notes: Industrial Revolution.

Write the title of each clip, then take notes in a bulleted or numbered list.

You’ll use these notes for spiral assignments and for tests/quizzes.

Industrial Revolution

Changes in lives were so great the era was named the “Industrial Revolution”People left homes to work in mills Earned wages

Life Before the Industrial Revolution

Where did it begin?

EnglandTextile industry – making cloth

Textile Manufacturing before the Industrial Revolution

Technological Developments in English textile industry

Spinning JennyJames Hargreaves – c. 1770Could spin 8 threads at onceOperated by 1 personFaster production greater

amounts cheaper products

©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb 25, 2004

©http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/tourspinning.htm/Feb. 35, 2004

©http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/tourspinning2.htm/Feb. 25, 2004

Water FrameRichard ArkwrightImproved Hargreaves’

ideasWater power would

now power machinery

©http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004

©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb. 25, 2004

Arkwright’s improvement on Hargreaves’ invention – spinning frame

Spinning Mill Richard ArkwrightSeveral spinning

machines in a building

©http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004

Power LoomEdmund CartwrightUsed water power to

run looms

©http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/012.html, Feb 25, 2004

©http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwaterwheel.htm, Feb. 24, 2004

©http://www.dundasloom.com, Feb. 25, 2004

The Industrial Revolution comes to the U.S.

Samuel SlaterPawtucket, Rhode

Island Rhode Island factory

System

©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi384.htm, Feb. 24, 2004

The Industrial Revolution Comes to America

Spinning frame from Slater’s factory - ©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm%3FID=131, Feb. 25, 2004

The Rhode Island System

Slater duplicated English technology

Mills made threadWomen in homes wove thread

into clothWhole families worked for mill

The Waltham-Lowell System

Francis Cabot LowellWaltham, MassachusettsLaunched the factory system –

bringing all manufacturing steps into one place to increase efficiency – raw fiber finished clothing or other product

“Lowell Girls” – advertised for local farm girls, who boarded at the factory

The industrial Revolution comes to New England

Geographic conditions in New England favored the development of industry Thin, rocky soil made farming difficult and made people

willing to find other forms of work Shipping and trade (commerce) had developed early in

colonial times Cities had developed near ports, providing people for

factory labor and transportation Swiftly flowing rivers could be diverted to run water

wheels for power source People had capital to invest (banks) unlike in the South

Canals connected factories to fast-flowing rivers

Water powered the machines.

Canal SystemPower drivesBoot Cotton Mills Museum Weave Room

National Park Service links -

Massachusetts becomes the Manufacturing Center of the North

New England’s Industrial Revolution

Factories and the Growth of Industrial Cities

Results of factory system

Employees no longer set own priorities, hours, conditions

Work conditions suffered – long hours for very low pay, no safety regulations

More results . . .

Women were first to protest factory conditionsChild laborPoor conditionsLed eventually to labor unions/labor laws

Power sources

From “man” powerTo water powerEventually to steam power in later

decadesSteam Power

Meanwhile, in the South - Eli Whitney

1793 - Cotton GinProcessed 50x amount

of short-staple cotton than done by hand

©http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Feb. 25, 2004

The Cotton Gin

PATENT NUMBER: 72X

TITLE: Cotton Gin March 14, 1794 Eli Whitney

©http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcotton_gin_patent.htm,Feb. 25, 2004

©http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Geb. 24, 2004

©http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/where/cotton.htm, Feb. 25, 2004

                  

©http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/cotton_gin_patent/cotton_gin_patent.html,Feb. 24, 2004

©http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h1522b.html, Feb. 24, 2004

Effects of Cotton Gin

Southerners were able to grow short-staple cotton profitably; this variety grew inland (as far as Texas), unlike sea island cotton

Cotton Kingdom - More and more invested in growing cotton

More effects . . .

Southerners who’d been seeking a cash crop to replace tobacco found it

England’s textile mills created a demand for cotton that the South filled

More effects . . .

Demand for labor increased demand for slaves increased.

1807-1808 – Slavery was not abolished (Constitutional Convention trade compromise)

Slave imports increase as cotton exports rise

Back to the Factories - Interchangeable Parts

Whitney’s most important inventionIdentical machine parts that could be

quickly put together to form a productGunsmithing – government contract

for muskets

The Impact of Interchangeable Parts

Interchangeable Parts

Repair easy – replace broken piece

Foundation for 20th century assembly line technology

Led to mass production lower cost for goods

©http://www.eliwhitney.org/arms.htm, Feb. 25, 2004

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Change in lives of workersPoor pay and working conditionsLong hoursImmigrant population laborWomen work outside home

Urbanization (as people move to cities to work in factories)

Factory Work

Effects…

Further polarization of American economicsNorth – industry, businessSouth – agriculture, cotton,

slaveryGreater US industrial power