Chapter 11: Nonverbal Communication 18 Chapter Outline Definition and Importance Analyze the Elements of Nonverbal Communication

Body Voice Space around you Objects around you

Definition of Nonverbal Communication Q# Define Nonverbal Communication. Explain how one can improve his communication skills? The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't said. (Drucker, 2005) Nonverbal Communication = Communication without words Nonverbal communication is a process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages by the way you move, speak and appear. . OR Nonverbal communication between people is communication through sending and receiving wordless cues/ indications. We use our voice in verbal communication and we use body signs in non-verbal communication Importance of Nonverbal Communication Verbal & nonverbal Communication plays an important role in how people interact with one another. People are using around 35% verbal communication and 65% nonverbal communication in daily life. Nonverbal communication has also cultural meaning. The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said. Peter F. Drucker Nonverbal communication is the most powerful form of communication. It is more than voice or even words, nonverbal communication helps to create your image in others mind and even you can express your emotions and feelings in front of others, which you are unable to express in words.

Analyze the Elements of Nonverbal Communication OR Nonverbal Behaviors Nonverbal behaviors are based on culture and environment. The following are the types of nonverbal behaviors:

1. Kinesics or Body Language 2. Vocalics or Paralanguage 3. Proxemics or Distance 4. Haptics or Touch 5. Chronemics or Time 6. Environment

1. Kinesics or Body Language

Kinesics is word related to Body Language that is postures, gestures, facial expression and eye contact.

One can express Intimacy, love, hate, anger, affection, agreement through your eyes.

The face also conveys happiness, sadness, love, redness and hatred ness.

Postures and Gestures are used to call someone close, or instruct to go away.

Body has its own language. Body language skill is one of the essential qualities of a professional. Following are the main aspects of body language

A. Postures B. Gestures C. Eye Contact D. Facial Expression

A. Postures

How you walk, talk, stand, and sit sends a lot of messages to others. Postures should be opened and centered. Letting your body relax, having fluid smooth movements, and facing

your conversation partner all indicate confidence and engaging conversation skills.

Postures Interpretation Brisk, erect walk Confidence Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly

Boredom

Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed B. Gestures

A gesture is a characteristic of nonverbal communication in which

visible body actions communicate particular message. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of

the body. Gestures can add warmth and personality to a conversation. Gestures are used to gain attention, to emphasis something and to

make transition. Dont locked-in one gesture and do not repeat the same gesture

frequently.

Gesture control: Hands:

Keep your hands empty & still. Avoid playing with objects. Genuine & impressive hand gestures are good to confidence &

vitality. Legs:

Legs should be still & firm. Speaker should stand firmly. Dont change place every now & then. Speaker with interest & enthusiasm.

C. Eye Contact

Eye contact is most important because it is most expressive. Successful pan handlers establish eye contact (Beebe, 1974) People are more likely to comply when more eye contact is used Eye contact conveys a sense of sincerity Eye contact establishes a connection between persons Eye contact with the audiences creates intimacy. Eye contact should be maintained appropriately. The speaker becomes a part of the audience for some moment. Shift your vision in all direction with little pause.

D. Facial Expression

The face is capable of conveying 250,000 expressions (Birdwhistle,

1970) Smiling increases sociability, likeability, and attraction(LaFrance &

Hecht, 1995) Food servers who smile more often earn increased tips (Heslin &

Patterson, 1982) Studies conducted on students caught cheating found that students

who smiled were treated with more leniency (LaFrance & Hecht, 1995)

A speaker must look pleasant & confident. Avoid fear from mind. The toilet going facial expression creates bad impression about the

speaker.

2. Vocalics or Paralanguage

Paralanguage (sometimes called Vocalics) is the study of nonverbal cues of the voice.

Use of voice to communicate includes elements such as pitch, rate, pauses, volume, tone of voice, silences, laughs, screams, sighs, etc.

Studies have found that people who talk louder, faster, and more fluently are more persuasive

Deep voices are often viewed as more credible Powerless style of communication (pauses, umhs, uhs, tag questions)

lowers perceptions of credibility

3. Proxemics or Distance

Proxemics is the study of how people use and perceive the physical space around them.

The space between the sender and the receiver of a message influences the way the message is interpreted.

Different cultures have different comfort levels of distance As children grow older and become less dependent on parents they

require more space Men tend to take up more space than women

Edward T. Halls 4 levels of distance

Intimate: 0 to 18 inches personal: 18 inches to 4 feet social: 4 to 10 feet public: 10 feet to infinity

4. Haptics or Touch

The power of touch:

A (1997) study found that strangers that were touched were more likely to return change left in a phone booth(Klienke)

A (1992) study found that food servers who used touch received larger tips (Hornick)

Library study (1976) found that students who were slightly touched by clerk while checking out library books evaluated the library much more favorably than those who were not touched.

5. Chronemics or Time

Chronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal

communication. The way we perceive time, structure our time and react to time is a

powerful communication tool, and helps set the stage for communication.

Time perceptions include punctuality and willingness to wait, the speed of speech and how long people are willing to listen.

A study conducted by Burgoon (1989) found that people who arrive 15 minutes late are considered dynamic, but much less competent, composed and sociable than those that arrive on time.

6. Environment

What we surround ourselves with. Example: The way we decorate our house tells others a lot about us. Several researchers have found that supermarkets strategically

place products Staples such as dairy, meat and produce are in the back or on

opposite sides of the store, in order to force shoppers to meander through aisles where theyll be tempted to buy all kinds of other products

Childrens products are usually placed on lower shelves where they can easily be viewed

Snack foods, which appeal to impulsive buyers are usually placed near check-out areas and at the end of isles where they are more likely to be snatched up