Ch. 14 sec. 3 page 393

England: “land of the Angles”

• Celts• Romans• Germanic Tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)

+ Vikings

Alfred the Great: King 871-899

• Unites Anglo-Saxons

• Turned back Viking invaders

Later…

Edward the Confessor: 1042-1066

• No heir, so three claim throne

1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…

•  King Harald of Norway• Duke William II of Normandy

• Harold of Wessex

1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…

•  King Harald of Norway• Duke William II of Normandy

• Harold of Wessex becomes

King Harold II

1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…

•  King Harald of Norway attacks and is killed.

1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…

• Duke William II of Normandy

attacks King Harold at the Battle of Hastings

The Bayeux Tapestry (1066 A.D.)

• “Here King Harold is slain”

1066 A.D.: Three claim throne…

• Duke William II of Normandy

wins, becomes

William the Conqueror

- Declares all of England his personal

property (Feudalism) Later…

Henry II: 1154-1189• strengthened Royal Courts• introduced Juries (p.394)• established Common Law – rulings by courts

Richard (I) the Lion-Heart

• King from 1189-1199• Left no heir• You may know him from the story of…

Robin Hood…

While on the Third Crusade…

Prince John…

Actually…

Returning from the Crusade…

Richard is shot by an arrow…

And dies of Gangrene

John Softsword: 1199-1216

• Trouble with the Church

• Trouble with the Nobles

King John vs. The Church

Kingly Troubles• Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry.

Kingly Troubles• Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry.

• King John argues with Pope Innocent III over picking new Arch-Bishop of Canterbury

Troubles with the Church• Pope chooses…

• King John won’t allow him in England and seizes Church land

Troubles with the Church• So, the Pope excommunicates King John

• placed an interdict on England

Troubles with the Church• King John eventually gives in

• Must pay compensation to Church

King John vs. The Nobles

The Magna Carta 1215 A.D.

Nobles were upset due to:

• Argument with Pope (interdict)

• High taxes; cruelty• Lost costly wars (lost

Normandy)• So, they REBEL

The Magna Carta• They wrote out a list of their

demands called the Magna Carta “Great Charter”.

• They said either you agree to our demands or no more feudalism.

InCommo

n?

Your lands cannot be taken in payment for debt as long as you pay the debt some other way.

For small offences you will face only a small penalty.

The rights of the Church are considered to be the same as the rights of freemen.

The King shall not raise taxes without first consulting with the barons.

No widow shall be forced to marry so long as she prefers to live without a husband.

The Magna Carta

Nobles will face punishment only by other nobles.

No one will be forced to make bridges at river-banks. (seriously)

There shall be standard weights and measures throughout the realm.No one will be put in jail without first having a trial by jury.

The king, like all others in England, must follow the law.

The king cannot force anyone to go to war outside of the country.

The Magna Carta I, King John, accept that I

have to rule according to the law.So I agree:1. Not to imprison nobles without trial2. To have fair taxation for the nobles3. To let nobles travel wherever they like4. Not to interfere in Church matters5. Not to take crops without paying for them…and lot more things too!!

This is Important

!

Magna Carta: page 395• Written by Nobles, signed/ sealed by King John

• Limits King’s powers• Guarantees certain rights

Later…

Edward I 1272-1307• Edward “Longshanks”• 1295 A.D. – created the “Model Parliament” with Lords, Knights, Bishops,

and Burgesses* *Commoner or Freeman

What about France?

• P. 397: Estates-General