Ch. 15:Ch. 15: Section I: Europe Looks Section I: Europe Looks OutwardOutward

(Pages 336-342)(Pages 336-342)

Ch. 15:Ch. 15: Section I: Europe Looks Section I: Europe Looks OutwardOutward

(Pages 336-342)(Pages 336-342) This section is about:This section is about: How the Polo familyHow the Polo family’’s s

travels to China travels to China encouraged European encouraged European interest in the East and interest in the East and led to the search for led to the search for direct trade routes to the direct trade routes to the area as well as the arrival area as well as the arrival of Christian missionaries of Christian missionaries from Europe.from Europe.

How technological How technological advancements advancements encouraged exploration encouraged exploration during this time.during this time.

•The Renaissance and Reformation were a big time in the history of the world – big changes come during/afterwards.

•We can see that in what the book has on page 336.

•Let’s also look at the picture on those pages.

•We should also look at the timeline.

Europe Looks OutwardEurope Looks Outward Look at the Main Ideas on Look at the Main Ideas on

page 338.page 338. And… look at the And… look at the ““Active Active

ReadingReading”” at the top right of at the top right of the page.the page.

Since ancient times, people Since ancient times, people in Europe and Asia tried to in Europe and Asia tried to trade with each other – and trade with each other – and look for the easiest ways to look for the easiest ways to get commodities back and get commodities back and forth.forth.

Before the big boats, they Before the big boats, they used caravans – across the used caravans – across the land.land.

By the 1200By the 1200’’s, the Silk Road s, the Silk Road had been around for a had been around for a while and trade also while and trade also included stops in the Middle included stops in the Middle East and their markets.East and their markets.(things that can be bought or sold – or even just things of

value)

Italian Traders Reach Italian Traders Reach EuropeEurope

In 1260, Niccolo and Maffeo Polo In 1260, Niccolo and Maffeo Polo traveled to the western edge of traveled to the western edge of the Mongol Empire (China/Asia).the Mongol Empire (China/Asia).

In 1265, part of their group In 1265, part of their group decided to go further.decided to go further.

This group had a chance to visit This group had a chance to visit the court of Kublai Kahn – and the court of Kublai Kahn – and see first-hand the city they had see first-hand the city they had heard great stories about (Cathay heard great stories about (Cathay had walls of silver and towers of had walls of silver and towers of gold).gold).

The Polo brothers became friends The Polo brothers became friends with Kublai Kahn and became his with Kublai Kahn and became his ambassadorsambassadors. (spokesmen). (spokesmen)

They even carried letters back to They even carried letters back to the pope.the pope.

On their next trip, they brought On their next trip, they brought their son, their son, Marco PoloMarco Polo..

Have you ever been somewhere Have you ever been somewhere special, liked it so much that you special, liked it so much that you told all your friends they should told all your friends they should go there? Thatgo there? That’’s what the Polos what the Polo’’s s did.did.

Tales of the EastTales of the East

The Polos stayed in China The Polos stayed in China for 17 years.for 17 years.

Marco took notes about Marco took notes about what he saw and what he saw and experienced.experienced.

Back in Venice he wrote a Back in Venice he wrote a book: The Travels of book: The Travels of Marco Polo.Marco Polo.

He wrote: CathayHe wrote: Cathay’’s capital s capital had had ““everything that is everything that is most rare and valuable in most rare and valuable in all parts of the worldall parts of the world””

And about Japan – which And about Japan – which had a palace with had a palace with ““gold in gold in the greatest abundance.the greatest abundance.””

Looking for New Trade Looking for New Trade RoutesRoutes

(High Prices for Eastern Goods)(High Prices for Eastern Goods) In the 1300In the 1300’’s, Europeans s, Europeans

used spices to season used spices to season and preserve food and preserve food (cinnamon, nutmeg, (cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, pepper) and also cloves, pepper) and also used in cosmetics and used in cosmetics and perfumes and in perfumes and in medicines.medicines.

Goods had to go through Goods had to go through many many ““middle menmiddle men”” to to get back and forth, so get back and forth, so they ended up being they ended up being expensive.expensive.

A cheaper way than all A cheaper way than all the trading was direct the trading was direct trade – trade – if they could find if they could find a direct and safe route.a direct and safe route. (1598)

Dangerous Land RoutesDangerous Land Routes

When the Mongols ruled When the Mongols ruled (controlled) Asia, things (controlled) Asia, things were pretty safe.were pretty safe.

When their empire broke When their empire broke up, no-one could promise a up, no-one could promise a safe trip through Asia and safe trip through Asia and the Middle East.the Middle East.

And, the Ottoman Turks And, the Ottoman Turks (Muslims) saw these (Muslims) saw these European Christian traders European Christian traders as as ““non-believers.non-believers.””

By 1453, the Ottomans By 1453, the Ottomans had blocked most trade had blocked most trade routes to Europeans routes to Europeans (Constantinople was open, (Constantinople was open, but they controlled it).but they controlled it).

Spreading ChristianitySpreading ChristianityMissionaries Head EastMissionaries Head East

Besides trade, Europeans also Besides trade, Europeans also wanted to travel east – to wanted to travel east – to spread Christianity.spread Christianity.

For religious reasons (save For religious reasons (save souls) and for political reasons souls) and for political reasons – to have more Christians to – to have more Christians to fight the Muslims.fight the Muslims.

Monks had been traveling the Monks had been traveling the same roads as Marco Polo – to same roads as Marco Polo – to try and convert the Mongols in try and convert the Mongols in the area.the area.

Several monks did end up Several monks did end up visiting China (some even visiting China (some even staying for the rest of their staying for the rest of their lives).lives).

Voyages with Several PurposesVoyages with Several Purposes Europeans started their voyages of Europeans started their voyages of

exploration during the time of the exploration during the time of the Renaissance.Renaissance.

This was a time of great curiosity This was a time of great curiosity and independent thinking and and independent thinking and action.action.

It was also a time of new It was also a time of new technologies – many centering technologies – many centering around new ships and their around new ships and their navigation.navigation.

Page 341 (in Page 341 (in ““ ““) – by Vasco da ) – by Vasco da Gama: Gama: ““… to serve God and his … to serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.as all men desire to do.””

We usually call this: G, G, & G.We usually call this: G, G, & G.

God, Glory, and Gold

Tools for NavigationTools for Navigation

The two most important The two most important sailing tools of the 1400sailing tools of the 1400’’s:s:

A magnetic compass: A magnetic compass: helped point out direction.helped point out direction.

An astrolabe: figured out An astrolabe: figured out latitude (their distance latitude (their distance north/south of the equator).north/south of the equator).

They also began to get more They also began to get more detailed charts and maps to detailed charts and maps to help their help their navigationnavigation (course (course of a ship).of a ship).

They could explore some They could explore some more and then make new more and then make new maps of uncharted maps of uncharted territories.territories.

Ships for Long TripsShips for Long Trips

There were 2 types of 15There were 2 types of 15thth Century Ships: The Long Century Ships: The Long Ship and the Round Ship.Ship and the Round Ship.

A Long Ship had oars and A Long Ship had oars and sails: fast and easy to sails: fast and easy to handle, but needed a large handle, but needed a large crew and had little room crew and had little room for anything else.for anything else.

Round Ship: sail power, Round Ship: sail power, less costly to run, and lots less costly to run, and lots of storage for of storage for food/weapons. Also food/weapons. Also stronger and better in stronger and better in stormy weather.stormy weather.

There was a special type of There was a special type of a round ship…a round ship…

The CaravelThe Caravel

Was a small, light ship with Was a small, light ship with triangular sails.triangular sails.

It was easy to move about It was easy to move about in changing winds and in changing winds and ocean currents.ocean currents.

With the sails, it could also With the sails, it could also sail into the wind.sail into the wind.

It could also carry heavy It could also carry heavy weapons along itweapons along it’’s sides.s sides.

But, they did require deep But, they did require deep harbors, which many ports harbors, which many ports in Europe had to expand.in Europe had to expand.

……..