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Peptidoglycan
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Flagellum DNA Pili
Section 19-1
The Structure of a Eubacterium
Review:Review:
Kingdom Eubacteria and Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = MoneraMonera
UnicellularUnicellular Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes,
no nucleusno nucleus Auto and HeterotrophicAuto and Heterotrophic
Bacteria Identification:Bacteria Identification:1.1. ShapeShape
Sphere-Shape (coccus)Sphere-Shape (coccus) Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia
(diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)(diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)
Rod-Shaped (bacillus)Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Ex. Ex. Typhoid feverTyphoid fever
(caused by salmonella: (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! FORGET IT!
Transmitted by ingestion Transmitted by ingestion of food or water of food or water contaminated with feces contaminated with feces of infected people. of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), quarantined!),
Botulism Botulism (home canned (home canned foods or bad seal on foods or bad seal on canned foods.)canned foods.)
Spiral-Shaped Spiral-Shaped (spirillum)(spirillum) Ex. SyphilisEx. Syphilis
Congenital syphilis (mom gives it to fetus in utero.)
More types of syphilis (secondary).
More Bacteria Identification:More Bacteria Identification:
2.2. Cell WallCell Wall (chemical nature) – can see the (chemical nature) – can see the wall by gram-staining!wall by gram-staining!
1.1. Take-up Take-up Crystal VioletCrystal Violet (purple) = (purple) = Gram Gram PositivePositive
2.2. Take-up Take-up SafranineSafranine (red) = (red) = Gram NegativeGram Negative
ID Cont.ID Cont.
3.3. Bacterial Bacterial MovementMovement
1.1. Flagella – tailFlagella – tail
2.2. Glide along slime Glide along slime (they make this (they make this themselves)themselves)
3.3. Some don’t move!Some don’t move!
……and the last way to Identify and the last way to Identify bacteriabacteria
4.4. Oxygen UseOxygen Use1.1. Require Oxygen Require Oxygen
– – AEROBICAEROBIC
2.2. NO Oxygen - NO Oxygen - ANAEROBICANAEROBIC
Growth and ReproductionGrowth and Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce Bacteria reproduce in three different in three different waysways
1. Binary Fission – 1. Binary Fission – bacteria double in bacteria double in size, double DNA size, double DNA and divide in half and divide in half (asexual (asexual reproduction)reproduction)
Growth and ReproductionGrowth and Reproduction
2. Conjugation – a 2. Conjugation – a hollow bridge hollow bridge forms between two forms between two bacteria cells and bacteria cells and they exchange they exchange genetic genetic information information (sexual (sexual reproduction)reproduction)
Growth and ReproductionGrowth and Reproduction 3. Spore formation – when 3. Spore formation – when
conditions are bad, bacteria form conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth.conditions get better for growth.
