Ch. 19.4INDUSTRIAL

WORKERS

10-12 hour days, 6 days/weekFired at any time, for any reasonMany lost their jobs during business downturns

Or Replaced by immigrants who worked for lower payUnsafe, unhealthy conditions

WORKING CONDITIONS

Accidents were common Steelworkers suffered burns Coal miners died in cave-ins

INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

1900- 1 million women had joined the workforce

No laws regulated workers’ salaries Women earned 1/2 of men’s salaries for same work

Children under 16 were also used in factories Some states passed laws that children need to be at

least 12 and should not work more than 10 hours/day

WOMEN AND CHILDREN

Labor Unions Purpose: Demand better pay and working conditions Employers fired workers who joined

Knights of Labor Used special handshakes to identify one another Met in secret

American Federation of Labor Higher wages, shorter hours, better working

conditions Collective Bargaining

LABOR UNIONS

Unions represent workers in labor discussions with management

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

Sweatshop in New York CityYoung immigrant women1911

Fire broke out Women could not escape because the company kept

the doors locked to prevent workers from leaving early

TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY FACTORY

Chicago, 1886

Striking workers from McCormick Harvester Company protested

Someone threw a bomb that killed a police offi cer Americans began to associate the labor movement

with terrorism and disorder

HAYMARKET SQUARE RIOT

Homestead Strike- 1892 Carnegie’s steel plant

Pullman Strike- 1894 George Pullman’s railway-car plant

OTHER STRIKES