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Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 2
Parts of Speech
Objectives• Define the eight parts of speech.• Recognize how parts of speech
function in sentences.• Compose sentences showing words
playing more than one grammatical role.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 3
Nouns name . . .
• Persons = Tracy, Juan, manager
• Places = Las Vegas, islands, Japan
• Things = popcorn, notebooks, surfboard
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 4
Nouns name . . .
• Qualities = efficiency, creativity, patience
• Concepts = ethics, communication, travel
• Activities = driving, management
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 5
Test for Nouns
To test for a noun, use the word in question with the verb is or are.
Tracy is
Japan is
Notebooks are
Patience is
Driving is
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 6
Dictionary Use
• A dictionary indicates the part of speech of each of its entries.
• The abbreviation used to classify a noun is usually n.
• Look up the parts of speech of the
following words.
business group train
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 7
Pronouns . . .
Replace nouns.
Use pronouns for efficiency and variety.
Without pronouns:Jeff said Jeff must find Jeff’s keys before Jeff
could leave for work.
With pronouns:Jeff said he must find his keys before he could
leave for work.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 8
• Function as subjects: I, we, they, he, she, it, you
• Function as objects of verbs: me, us, them, him, her
• Show possession: mine, ours, theirs, his, hers
Pronouns . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 9
Pronouns . . .
• Act as connectors: that, which, who
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 10
• The abbreviation used to classify a pronoun is usually pron.
• Look up the parts of speech of the
following words.
who me those
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 11
Functions of Verbs
Verbs express an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.
• Lisa wrote the report. (Action)• The report has many footnotes. (Occurrence)• She is a good writer. (State of being)
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 12
Verbs
• Action verbs tell what the subject does.grumbles, decides, works, praises
• Linking (state of being) verbs join subjects to words that describe those subjects.
is, are, was, were, appears, seems, feels, smells
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 13
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 14
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 15
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 16
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample. ^Linking Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 17
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample. ^Linking Verb ^Action Verb
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 18
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample. ^Linking Verb ^Action Verb
• Tony has been trying to reach us.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 19
Verb Examples
• Brandy delivered the envelope.
^Action Verb
• Sheri is happy she included a sample. ^Linking Verb ^Action Verb
• Tony has been trying to reach us.
^Verb Phrase
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 20
• The abbreviations used to classify a verb are usually vt., vb., or vi.
• How does your dictionary classify these words? move like carry
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 21
What part of speech is each underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all the way to their classes.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 22
What part of speech is each underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all n. the way to their classes.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 23
What part of speech is each underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. the way to their classes.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 24
What part of speech is each underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. vb. the way to their classes.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 25
What part of speech is each underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. vb.
the way to their classes.
n.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 26
What part of speech is each underlined word?
1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. vb.
the way to their classes.
n. n.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 27
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows
the solution to the problem.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 28
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows n.
the solution to the problem.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 29
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb.
the solution to the problem.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 30
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb. pron.
the solution to the problem.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 31
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb. pron. vb.
the solution to the problem.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 32
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb. pron. vb.
the solution to the problem. n.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 33
What part of speech is each underlined word?
2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb. pron. vb.
the solution to the problem. n. n.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 34
Adjectives . . .
• Describe nouns or pronouns.• Answer these questions:
What kind? the smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 35
Adjectives . . .
• Answer these questions:• Describe nouns or pronouns.
What kind? that smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive. ^adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 36
Adjectives . . .
• Describe nouns or pronouns.• Answer these questions:
What kind? that smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive. ^adjective ^adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 37
Adjectives . . .
• Describe nouns or pronouns.• Answer these questions:
What kind? that smart secretary
How many? she bought two cars
Which one? this printer
This printer is expensive. ^adjective ^linking verb^adjective
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 38
Special Adjectives
The words a, an, and the form a special group of adjectives called articles.
The president of a profitable company is an energetic person.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 39
• The abbreviation used to classify an adjective is usually adj.
• Look up the parts of speech of the following words.
thirteen likable criminal
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 40
Adverbs . . .
• Describe or limit verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• Answer these questions:
When? We worked yesterday.
How? He lifted the package carefully.
Where? Here is the paper you needed.
To what extent? She answered fully.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 41
Adverbs
Many, but not all, words ending in ly are adverbs.
Exceptions are friendly, costly, and ugly. These words are adjectives.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 42
• The abbreviation used to classify an adverb is usually adv.
• Look up the parts of speech of the following words.
lightly today where
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 43
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 44
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Adverb
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 45
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pronoun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 46
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Verb
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 47
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Article
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 48
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Adverb
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 49
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Adjective
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 50
Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Noun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 51
Prepositions . . .
• Join nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence.
The truck was driven by Ann.
The truck was driven for Ann.
The truck was driven around Ann.
The truck was driven over Ann.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 52
• The abbreviation used to classify a preposition is usually prep.
• Look up the parts of speech of the following words.
to by for at with of
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 53
How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 54
How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 55
How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 56
How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 57
How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 58
How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?
After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 59
Conjunctions . . .
• Connect words or groups of words.
The most common conjunctions are:
and but or nor
They are called coordinating conjunctions.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 60
Conjunctions
Hamburgers, pizza, and tacos are my favorites; but I am also able to tolerate fried chicken.
In the above sentence, the word and joins equal words; the word but joins equal groups of
words.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 61
• The abbreviation used to classify a conjunction is usually conj.
• Look up the parts of speech of the following words.
and so yet
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 62
Interjections . . .
• Show surprise, disbelief, or strong feeling.
Oh, I can’t believe that lunch is two hours away!
Wow! Did you feel that tremor?
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 63
• The abbreviation used to classify an interjection is usually interj.
• Look up the parts of speech of the following words.
really well wow
Dictionary Use
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 64
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 65
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 66
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
interjection
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 67
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 68
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
pronoun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 69
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 70
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
conjunction
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 71
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 72
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
noun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 73
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 74
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
adverb
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 75
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 76
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
verb
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 77
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 78
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
adjective
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 79
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 80
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
noun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 81
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 82
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
preposition
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 83
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 84
Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.
Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!
pronoun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 85
Summary
• Namers
Nouns name things.
Pronouns rename nouns.
• Performers
Verbs express actions, occurrences, or states of being.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 86
Summary
• Connectors
Prepositions join nouns and/or pronouns to the rest of a sentence.
Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 87
Summary
• Describers
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.
Adverbs describe verbs, adverbs, adjectives.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 88
Summary
• Exclaimers
Interjections show strong feeling.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 89
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 90
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here. noun
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 91
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here. noun
• He operates a service station.
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 92
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here. noun
• He operates a service station. adjective
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 93
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here. noun
• He operates a service station. adjective
• Did you service your car?
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 94
Name the underlined parts of speech.
• We received good service here. noun
• He operates a service station. adjective
• Did you service your car? verb
Check your skill . . .
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 95
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Select a if the sentence is true; select b if the sentence is false.
1. Words ending in ly are usually adjectives.
a. True
b. False
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 96
Select a if the sentence is true; select b if the sentence is false.
1. Words ending in ly are usually adjectives.
a. True
b. False (adverbs)
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 97
2. The words by, to, from, and with are conjunctions.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 98
2. The words by, to, from, and with are conjunctions.
a. True
b. False (prepositions)
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 99
3. Adjectives modify (describe or limit) nouns or pronouns.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 100
3. Adjectives modify (describe or limit) nouns or pronouns.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 101
4. The words and, or, nor, and but are coordinating conjunctions.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 102
4. The words and, or, nor, and but are coordinating conjunctions.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 103
5. The word mail may function as a noun, a verb, or an adjective.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 104
5. The word mail may function as a noun, a verb, or an adjective.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 105
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
6. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Adverb
b. Adjective
c. Preposition
d. Conjunction
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 106
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
6. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Adverb
b. Adjective
c. Preposition
d. Conjunction
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 107
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
7. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 108
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
7. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 109
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
8. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 110
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
8. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 111
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
9. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 112
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
9. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 113
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
10. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 114
Name the part of speech of the
underlined word.
10. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
Chapter 2 - Quiz
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 115
ENDEND