Ch 3 NotesMr. RussoBeaumont High School

Ch 3 Vocab Matrix – Pg 30Igneous RockLavaMagmaWeatheringSedimentsSedimentary

Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Intrusive Igneous

Extrusive Igneous

ErosionCompactionCementation

Objective – Notes Ch 3.1(Pg 32)We will be able to describe how

the 3 major types of rocks are formed

RockRock – A solid mass of mineral or

mineral like matter that occurs naturally

What are the 3 major types of rocks?Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Igneous RockIgneous Rock – Igneous rock

forms when molten rock (magma/lava) cools and becomes solid

MagmaMagma – Molten rock below the

surface

LavaLava – Molten Rock above the

surface

Weathering / SedimentsWeathering –

When rocks are broken down to bits and pieces

Sediments – The bits and pieces that occur due to weathering

Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock – Rock that

forms from sediments being compacted or cemented together

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock – Forms under

intense heat and pressure

Rock CycleRock Cycle – The cycle that

shows how rocks change from one type to another.

TAKES A VERY LONG TIME

What powers the Earth’s Rock Cycle?

Igneous / Metamorphic Rock form due to the heat from the INTERIOR OF THE EARTH.

Sedimentary Rock forms due to weathering which is caused by THE SUN

Objective – Notes 3.2 (Pg 35)We will be able to describe the

characteristics that differentiate intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks

What does the Latin word “ignis” mean?Ignis means Fire

Igneous rock comes from molten lava or magma (very hot)

Intrusive IgneousIntrusive Igneous – Rocks that

cool or harden below the surface.

Common Example - Granite

Extrusive IgneousExtrusive Igneous Rocks – Rocks

that cool or harden above the surface

Common Example - Rhyolite

QuestionDoes magma form an extrusive

or intrusive igneous rock?

Intrusive

Does lava form an extrusive or intrusive igneous rock?

Extrusive

Characteristics - Igneous

Intrusive Extrusive

Made of what?

Magma lava

How fast does it cool?

Slow Fast

Crystal Size Large Very Small

Texture Coarse –Grained

Fine-Grained

What igneous rock is made of magma?

How fast does intrusive rock cool?

What is the texture of a extrusive igneous rock?

How does the rate of cooling affect the texture?

Cools very slow – Rough texture(coarse-grained)

Cools very fast – Smooth texture (fine-grained)

Objective – Notes 3.3 (Pg 39)We will be able to describe the

relationship between compaction, cementing, clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks.

Ch 3.3ErosionErosion –

Weathering and removal of rock◦Water, wind, ice,

gravity

DepositionDeposition – When rock sediment

is deposited into a new area◦Largest sediments deposit first◦Small sediments deposit last

Compaction Compaction – A process that

squeezes or compacts sediments

CementationCementation – When dissolved

minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments (sediments are glued together)

Clastic Sedimentary RocksClastic sedimentary Rock – made

of weathered bits of rock and minerals

Chemical Sedimentary RocksChemical Sedimentary Rock –

Dissolved minerals become solid in water

Are clastic sedimentary formed by compaction or cementing? Chemical sedimentary?

Clastic Sedimentary Rock – Compaction

Chemical Sedimentary Rock - Cementing

What is unique of sedimentary rocks?They give us clues to how, when

and where the rock formed.◦Bottom layers are the oldest layer◦Top layer is the youngest layer

What is unique of sedimentary rocks?Fossils are only found in

sedimentary rocks.

Objective: 3.4 Notes (pg 42 )

We will be able to describe the 2 types of metamorphic rocks and how they form

Ch 3.4MetamorphismMetamorphism – Existing rocks

change by heat and pressure Metamorphic rocks look much

different than parent rock

Where does most metamorphism take place?High temperatures and pressureA few kilometers (miles) below

the surface

Contact MetamorphismContact Metamorphism – Hot

magma moves into rock

Regional MetamorphismRegional Metamorphism – Large

scale deformation – mountain building

What are the 3 agents of metamorphism?Heat

Pressure

Hydrothermal solutions (Very hot liquids)

Foliated metamorphic rocksFoliated metamorphic Rocks –

Metamorphic rocks with a layered or banded appearance

Non-foliated metamorphic rocksNon-foliated metamorphic rock –

A metamorphic rock that does not have a banded texture. Ex-marble