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Delegates White businessmen Two important qualities: Education and Experience
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Ch. 3 The Constitution
Constitutional Convention• 1787 in Philadelphia• 55 delegates from 12 states
(absent - Rhode Island)• Purpose: Revise the
Articles of Confederation
Delegates• White businessmen• Two important qualities:
Education and Experience
Founding FathersPresentBenjamin FranklinAlexander HamiltonJames MadisonGeorge Washington (presided)
Founding FathersAbsentThomas Jefferson
Representation in Congress
Large states wanted representation based
on population.
Small states wanted equal representation
no matter the population.
Two Houses 1. One based on population – “House of Representatives” 2. One based on equal representation – “Senate”
How to count slaves in state’s population
Southern States want to count their slaves
as part of their population.
Northern States did not want to count
slaves in order to keep control of Congress.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Each slave would count as 3/5’s of other
persons.
How to elect a President
Some felt that Congress should elect
the President.
The average person does not know
enough to elect a President.
Others felt that the citizens should elect
the President.
“Electoral College”Citizens would vote for electors and the electors would elect
the President
National Government Becoming too
Powerful
Anti-Federalists afraid states would
lose power and people would lose
rights.
Federalists felt a strong national
government was the only way to survive.
Bill of Rights
ReligionAssembly
Speech Petition
Press
June 21, 1788, New
Hampshire becomes the ninth state to
ratify.
We Have a Constitution.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceb1wkSamG4
Liberty Kids: We the People
ConstitutionStructure
PreambleArticlesAmendments
PreambleIntroduction to the Constitution
Preamble Goals“form a more perfect Union”
States operate as a single country for the benefit of all
Examples: U.S. Postal System, U.S. coins and paper money
Preamble Goals“establish Justice”
All citizens are treated fairly and equally
Examples: Court system, Jury System
Preamble Goals“insure domestic tranquility”
Keep peace among the people
Examples: National Guard, Federal Marshals on planes
Preamble Goals“provide for the common defense”
Maintain armed forces to protect the country and its citizens from attack
Examples: Army, Navy
Preamble Goals“promote the general Welfare”As much as possible, citizens
will be free of poverty, hunger, and disease
Examples: Clean air, better roads, Education
Preamble Goals“secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity”
No American’s basic rights will be taken away now or in the future
Examples: National Council on Disability, Commission on Civil Rights
Articles1st Article
Legislative (Congress)2nd Article
Executive3rd Article
Judicial
Articles4th Article
Relationship between states and national government
5th ArticleChanging the Constitution
Articles6th Article
• General provisions about the government
•“Supremacy Clause”7th Article
The Constitution needs nine states to approve it before it goes into effect
Amendments• Changes to the Constitution
• There are 27 amendments to the present Constitution
Three Branches of Government
ExecutivePresident (Enforces laws)
LegislativeCongress (Makes laws)
JudicialCourt System (Interprets laws)
Executive•Appoints judges•Veto Legislation•Make Treaties
Legislative• Override veto• Impeach President
and Judges• Refuse to approve
treaties• Reject appointment
of judges
Judicial• Declare laws unconstitutional
• Declare acts of President unconstitutional
The Constitution’s Big Five Ideas
1.limited government2.checks and balances3.federalism4.separation of powers5.popular sovereignty
1) Limited GovernmentBelief that the government must not be permitted to do certain things
Ex. Police need a warrant to enter your home.
The government can't torture you.
The government must give you a jury trial.
2) Checks and Balances• Keeps any branch from
becoming too powerful. • Each branch can check, or
limit, the power of the others.
3) FederalismThe system in which power is shared between the states and the national (federal) government
4) Separation of PowersIdea taken from Baron
MontesquieuThree branches of Government
Executive Legislative
Judicial
5) Popular SovereigntyPeople should have
the right to rule themselves
3 Types of Powers
1) Enumerated PowersPowers given to the national government
Ex:Pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers(elastic clause)
EnumeratedEx. • Conduct foreign affairs• Raise and support an army• Regulate trade
EnumeratedEx. • Coin and print money• Establish a postal system
2) ReservedPowers given to state governmentEx:• Establish local governments• Establish a public school system• Conduct elections
3) Concurrent Powers shared by state and
national governmentsEx:
•Enforce the laws•Establish courts•Collect taxes
Supremacy Clause• Constitution is the
“supreme law of the land”
• If any conflict between national and state laws, the national law wins