Ch4,Sec1-2:TheEarlyGreeks,Sparta,andAthens

WhereisGreece

•  ApeninsulainEurope– Hadwateron3sides

•  Mountainsandseasseparatedthem.– Manyislands,rockysoil,andmildclimate

EconomyofearlyGreeks

•  Fishing,sailors,andtraders•  Farming– Soilhardtogrowcrops– Grewwheat,barley,olives,andgrapes– Raisedsheepandgoats

Minoans•  1stpeoplethatlivedonIslandofCrete.•  Traders,greatsailors,veryadvancedforLme•  Daringandskilledpeople-BullLeaping•  Earthquake/TsunamioraRackedbyMycenaeansledtofallofMinoans

WhoweretheMycenaeans?

•  OriginallyfromAsia•  TookoverpartsofEuropestarLngin1900B.C.

•  FirstGreekkings•  WarriorsbecamethefirstnoblesofGreece

SetupoftheMycenaeanKingdom

•  Kingdomwasprotectedbyapalaceonthehill•  Farms/estateswereoutsidethewalls•  Slaves/farmersworkedtheland•  PalacesusedforprotecLon,trading,andbusinesses

InfluenceoftheMinoansontheMycenaeans

•  Learnedhowtobuildweapons/boats•  LearnednavigaLonbythestars/sun•  Worshippedthesamegods•  TookoverMinoantraderoutes

ConsoftheDarkAgesofGreece

•  Between1200-1100B.C.,theMycenaeankingdomsstartedtofall

•  Tradingstopped•  Povertywashigh•  LackofeducaLon•  LiRlefoodwasgrown

ProsoftheDarkAgesofGreece

•  PopulaLonspreadtonewareas-spreadculture

•  DoriansinvadedGreeceinSW– Broughtironweaponsandtools

–  Increasedpowerandfarming•  NewGreekalphabetwascreated

Greecestartstocolonize

•  Greeksneededmorefood•  CiLeswereoverpopulated•  CreatedcoloniesinItaly,France,Spain,N.Africa,andW.Asia

•  Firstgrouptousecoinsfortrade•  Peoplespecializedinonejob

RiseofthePolis

•  Noblesoverthrewkings•  Createdapolis-“city-state”– 1,500differentcity-statescreated

•  Acropolis-religious/safeplacesatthetopofthehill

•  Agora-undertheacropolisfortradinganddebate

GreekCiLzenship

•  Ranthepolis•  CiLzens-peoplewhowereequalstoeachotherandhaverightsandresponsibiliLes– Righttovote,holdoffice,ownproperty,anddefendthemselvesincourt

– Hadtoservethegov’tandfightinwars•  Originallyhadtobefreemenwhoownedland

CiLzenSoldiers

•  Footsoldierswerecalledhoplites•  Hadashield,shortsword,anda9aspear

•  Soldiersfoughtforthepolisandnotthecountry

RiseofGreekTyrants

•  Noblesgavemoneytoothernobles/farmers•  Tooklandifdebtwasnotrepaid– Virtualslavery

•  TyrantsusedarmiestobeatthepowerfulnoblesandrulewithulLmatepower– Tookoverhugeareasofland– Peopledidnotwantonepersonincharge

Problem

•  Whatproblemsdoyouseewithoneunelectedpersonrulingoveronehugearea?

SpartanGovernment

•  WasanOligarchy:– Afewpeopleheldpower

•  Twokingsranthecouncilofelders– 28ciLzensover60yrsold– Presentedlawstoanassembly

•  Assembly– Allmenover30yrsold– Chose5mencalledephorstoenforce/managelaws/taxes

BoysintheSpartanArmy

•  Conquerednewlandstogainpower– Helots-slavesoftheSpartans

•  Stronganddeterminedpeople•  Boystakenfromfamiliesatage7tolearntheGreekwayoflife

•  20-30yrsold-foughtinGreekarmy•  30-60yrsold-couldgohomebuthadtoreturntothearmyifawarwasstarted

GirlsofSparta

•  Trainedinsports– Running,wrestling,andjavelin

•  Wiveslivedathomewhilehusbandslivedwiththearmy

•  Couldownlandandgowheretheywanted– Hadlotsofindependence

EducaLoninAthens

•  Boys–  taughttoread,write,anddomath– Playedsports,sang,andplayedthelyre– BecameciLzensat18whentheyfinishedschool

•  Girls– Stayedathome– TaughtbytheirmotherstodohouseholdduLes– Wealthyfamiliesgavegirlsaboy’seducaLon

EarlyGovernmentofAthens

•  Wasanoligarchyrunbynobles– Peoplehadfewrights/powers

•  Farmerssoldthemselvesintoslaverytopayoffdebts

Solon(Noble)

•  canceledthedebtandfreedthefarmers•  Createdanassemblyof400ciLzenstomakelaws

•  StartofaDemocraLcgov’t:– AllciLzensshareinrunningthegov’t

Peisistratus(noble)

•  Tookawaylargeestatesfromthenoblesandgavethelandtothefarmers

•  Loanedfarmersmoney•  Gavethepoorjobs

Cleisthenes(noble)•  Reorganizedtheassembly•  AllmaleciLzenscould–  beintheassembly–  voteonlaws–  debatetopics–  hearcourtcases–  appointarmygenerals

•  Createdacouncilof500tomakelaws,dealwithothercountries,andhandlemoney–  ChosenbyloReryinsteadofvoLng