Ch 4 Sect 2Ch 4 Sect 2

Energy Transfers and Energy Transfers and TransformationsTransformations

Movement of EnergyMovement of Energy

Energy naturally moves from areas of Energy naturally moves from areas of high energy to areas of low energyhigh energy to areas of low energy Ex-heat radiating off of a stoveEx-heat radiating off of a stove

Transferring energyTransferring energy Energy stays in same form but moves to Energy stays in same form but moves to

another objectanother object

Transforming energy-Transforming energy- Energy changes forms as it moves Energy changes forms as it moves

Energy TransfersEnergy Transfers

Electrical outlet can transfer electricity Electrical outlet can transfer electricity Example-Vandegraff machineExample-Vandegraff machine

Outlet Outlet Machine Machine Human Human

Heat energy can be transferred Heat energy can be transferred Example-boiling waterExample-boiling water

Stove Stove Pot Pot Water Water

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations

Energy is like money in that it can be Energy is like money in that it can be used in different formsused in different forms

Electrical energy can be transformed to Electrical energy can be transformed to

Light energy, Heat energy, Light energy, Heat energy, Other examples?Other examples?

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations

Chemical energy is transformed by living Chemical energy is transformed by living organisms and machinesorganisms and machines

Humans covert chemical energy into kinetic Humans covert chemical energy into kinetic energy energy Chemical energy in the body is stored as ATP or Chemical energy in the body is stored as ATP or

Adenosine Tri-PhospateAdenosine Tri-Phospate

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations

Machines also transfer chemical energy Machines also transfer chemical energy into kinetic energyinto kinetic energy Chemical energy used by machines is Chemical energy used by machines is

usually gas or dieselusually gas or diesel

Suck, Squeeze, Bang, BlowSuck, Squeeze, Bang, Blow 4 steps that an internal combustion engine 4 steps that an internal combustion engine

usesuses Any engine in any gas powered vehicleAny engine in any gas powered vehicle

NRG Conversion in an NRG Conversion in an EngineEngine

Sucks the air/gas in (intake)Sucks the air/gas in (intake) Squeezes the air (compression)Squeezes the air (compression) Bang (gas ignites, causes explosion)Bang (gas ignites, causes explosion)

Gasoline engines have a spark plugGasoline engines have a spark plug Diesel is explosive enough that it needs no Diesel is explosive enough that it needs no

sparkspark Blows air out (exhaust)Blows air out (exhaust) How Car Engines WorkHow Car Engines Work

Mass, Atoms and EnergyMass, Atoms and Energy

Mass in motion has energyMass in motion has energy

Mass is made up of smaller parts called Mass is made up of smaller parts called atomsatoms

Atoms can be joined or broken apart to Atoms can be joined or broken apart to produce energyproduce energy

Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion

Joining of 2 atoms to make 1 atomJoining of 2 atoms to make 1 atom Bonds of both atoms are broken and Bonds of both atoms are broken and

reformed to make one atomreformed to make one atom When bonds are broken energy is releasedWhen bonds are broken energy is released

Mass of the atom increasesMass of the atom increases Nuclear Fusion BasicsNuclear Fusion Basics

Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission

Taking one atom and breaking it down to Taking one atom and breaking it down to two or more atomstwo or more atoms Energy is released when the chemical bonds Energy is released when the chemical bonds

are brokenare broken Mass of the atoms decreaseMass of the atoms decrease Nuclear Fission BasicsNuclear Fission Basics

Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the sum of total Mechanical energy is the sum of total potential energy and total kinetic energypotential energy and total kinetic energy Mechanical Energy = Pot Energy + KEMechanical Energy = Pot Energy + KE Energy converts back and forth from PE to Energy converts back and forth from PE to

KE but mechanical energy always stays the KE but mechanical energy always stays the samesame Ex. PE=70% and KE=30% ME=100%Ex. PE=70% and KE=30% ME=100%

PE=40% and KE=60% ME=100%PE=40% and KE=60% ME=100%

Law of Conservation of Law of Conservation of Energy Energy

Conservation of energy states that Conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created or energy can neither be created or destroyed, therefore amount of energy destroyed, therefore amount of energy always stays the samealways stays the same