Ch. 6 Population and Community

Ecology Review

2

Define:1.Population2.Community3.Ecosystem

1.All the individuals of the same species that live in a given area at a particular time.

2.All the populations or organisms within a given area.

3.All the biotic and abiotic factors in a given area.

3

Predation is similar to _____ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while the other is harmed

Parasitism

4

An ecosystem’s carrying capacity for a population is determined by…

Space, food, energy, water

5

The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche is called…

The Competitive Exclusion principle

6

The dividing up of limited assets, materials, and other desired items so that species with similar needs use them at different times, in different ways, or in different places is known as….

Resource Partitioning

7

Which survivorship curve you would expect to find for a mosquito?

Type III

8

After a forested area such as a national forest is clear-cut, what type of succession occurs?

Secondary

9

Some predators feed preferentially on the most abundant prey. This influence on an individual’s survival and reproduction due to the size of the population is called…

Density dependent

10

Which of the following survivorship curve would correspond best with a species that is a k-strategist?

A B C

A

11

A population of rabbits, introduced to an island, has rapid growth for a few years; then its growth slows. The population becomes stable because…

It reaches carrying capacity

12

The first plant community that forms on bare rock…

Lichen and moss

13

During the winter of 1999, minimum temperatures did not get much below freezing in an Oregon pond, and the following summer large mosquito populations were observed. In the winter of 2000, frost came early, and most ponds froze for 3 months. In the following summer, very low mosquito populations were observed. This is an example of…

Density Independent factor

14

If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be….

Partitioning resources

15

Which type of population distribution… 1. Is the most common2. can enhance protection

from predators3. Rare in nature

1. Clumped

2. Clumped

3. Random

16

1. What is the population doubling time in years for a country with an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent?

2. 5%

1. 20 years

2. 14 years

17

Which of the following is NOT likely to characterize pioneer plant species involved in primary succession?a. able to tolerate intense sunlightb. able to tolerate low nutrient levelsc. produces many small seeds that

can travel great distancesd. slow-growing, long-lived perenniale. small size

d

18

Ecologist Paul Ehrlich likened species in a community to rivets holding together an airplane. To paraphrase he implied that airplanes can lose some of their rivets with no ill effects, but may suffer catastrophic failures if one too many are lost. We could extend this analogy to state that some rivets are so crucial that they must be retained for the integrity of the airplane. These “crucial” rivets represent

Keystone species

19

On the slopes of the Carolina Appalachian Mountains, ecologists have studied some closely related plethodontid salamander species for decades. Many of these salamander species, when they occur in separate valleys from each other, tend to have very similar food size choices. However, when these species occur together in a mountain valley, their food choices tend to differ, with some species selecting small insects and others feeding exclusively on larger insects. This may be an example of…

Resource partitioning

20

How do metapopulations contribute to the preservation of biodiversity?

Small populations are more vulnerable, occasional immigrants

can add to the size of a small population and introduce genetic

diversity.

21

T or FAs we move from the equator

toward the North or South pole the number of species

declines.

True

22

What two factors are the basis for the theory of island

biogeography?

Size of the habitat and the distance of that habitat from a colonizing

species

23

Identify the Relationship1. Tapeworms in the human gut2. Humans and the protozoa

that cause malaria3. Cows and the bacteria in their

gut4. A bird building its nest in a

tree5. Fungi and algae within a

lichen6. Flowering plants and their

pollinators7. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and

legume plants8. A carnivorous plant and the

insect it captures and digests.

1.Parasitism

2.Parasitism

3.Mutualism

4.Commensalism

5.Mutualism

6.Mutualism

7.Mutualism

8.Predation

24

Draw two graphs… 1.One representing logistic

growth.2.The other representing

exponential growth.

1.Logistic growth 2. Exponential growth