Ch 7.2: Cell Organelles

Biology IWilson

Objectives

Identify the different organelles inside cells

Describe the structure and function of organelles

Distinguish between plant and animals cells

Eukaryotic Cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells Protist Fungi

Animal Cell Organelles

Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Centrioles

Plant Cell Organelles

Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Vacuoles/Central Vacuole Chloroplasts

Nucleus

Type of Cells: Eukaryote Plants Animals Fungi Protists

Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us

Nucleus: Organelle Function

Contains DNA, the information that controls the cell

Controls Cell Processes The Boss of a company

Nucleus: Organelle Function

Made up ofNuclear Envelope: surrounds

nucleusNuclear Pore: openings in

envelopeChromatin: DNA bound to proteinsNucleolus: Assembly of

Ribosomes

Nucleus Drawing

Ribosome

Type of Cells: Prokaryote and Eukaryotes

Pronunciation: Ry-bo-zoem

Ribosome: Organelle Function

Small particles of RNA and Proteins

Found: Free within the cytoplasm Attached to Rough ER

Protein Synthesis -Produce (make) proteins

Making of the item to be shipped

Ribosome Drawing

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-

TIK-yuh-lum

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth): Organelle Function

Folding layers of membranes

Packaging Center for Transports materials (proteins or other items)

Where lipid bilayers are added to the materials that need to be transported

Detoxification of drugs Liver contains a large sum

of Smooth ER

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)

Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-TIK-yuh-lum

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function

Folding layers of membranes

E.R. with attached Ribosomes

Same functions as Smooth E.R. adding a lipid bilayer

In addition has ribosomes attached making proteins Packages the proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function

Like putting the item to be shipped in a box (box is the packaging)

Sends packaged proteins to other parts of the cell (conveyer belt)

Found Right Next to the Nucleus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)

Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Goal-gee App-ah-rat-

us

Golgi Apparatus: Organelle Function

Also called Golgi Body Takes in the proteins that

were packaged by the ER Finalizes the packaging of

the vesicle (like adding tape to seal the box)

Modifies and sorts the proteins (puts package in trucks to be shipped)

Lysosome

Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: LY-suh-sohmz

Lysosome: Organelle Function

Small round membrane surrounded organelles filled with enzymes

Found anywhere in the cytoplasm

Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell

Eat worn out organelles Remove “junk” Cleanup Crew

Lysosome Drawing Sometimes they are called suicide bags because

they encase the worn out part that is to be digested. Tay-Sachs disease can be traced if lysosomes don’t

function properly

Mitochondria

Type of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Myt-oh-KAHN-dree-

uh

Mitochondria: Organelle Function

Enclosed by two membranes Outer membrane Inner membrane is

folded up inside the organelle

Power House of the Cell (makes ATP)

Mitochondria: Organelle Function Convert chemical energy to useful compounds

(converts food) Glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP)

Source of Energy (Power Company)

Inherited from the cytoplasm of the ovum (egg)…Your Mom

Mitochondria Movie

Cell Membrane

Type Cells: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Cell Membrane

Bilipid layer (2 layers of phospholipids)

Also has proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates

Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

Analogy – Fence and/or gate

Cytoskeleton:

Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Site-oh-skell-iton

Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments Threadlike Tough, flexible framework

that supports cell Helps cells move

Cytoskeleton: Microtubules

Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Mik-roe-toob-you-els

Cytoskeleton: Microtubules

Hollow Maintains cell’s shape (foundation

and framework)

Microtubule Drawing

Cytoskeleton

Types of Cells: Eukaryotes – Animal Cells Only

Pronunciation: Scent-tree-ohls

Cytoskeleton: Centrioles

Hollow Support structure Used in cell division

Central Vacuole

Types of cells: Eukaroytes – Plants and some Protists

Pronunciation: VAK-yoo-ohlz

Animal Cells

Animal Cells

Central Vacuole: Organelle Function

Saclike structure Stores materials such as water,

salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Cells Storage Facility

Other Vacuoles

Found in Eukaryotes Storage Units Pumps water out of cell to maintain

homeostasis

Chloroplast

Types of cells: Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists

Pronunciation: Klohr-oh-plast

Chloroplast: Organelle Function

Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy

Solar Powers the Plant Drives Photosynthesis Reaction is Catalyzed

by Light

Cell Wall

Type of Cell Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists Prokaryotes

Cell Wall

Made of cellulose (carbohydrate - starch)

Provides protection

Prevents cell from exploding when filled with water

Plant Cells

Plant Cells