CH 9: ANCIENT INDIA LESSON 2!

WORLD HISTORY MR. RICH MIAMI ARTS CHARTER!

SECTIONS:!

•  Part 1: Origins of Hinduism

•  Part 2: Rise of Buddhism

•  Part 3: Jainism

•  3rd largest religion in the world (largest polytheistic religion)

•  Upanishads – texts that describe the creation of the world

ORIGINS OF HINDUISM!

ORIGINS OF HINDUISM!

•  Three major gods are the most important out of a pantheon of hundreds of gods

•  Brahma Shiva Vishnu The Creator The Destroyer The Preserver

•  Hindu beliefs - Caste system

•  Varna – The caste a person is born into (example: Brahma, Kshatrya…)

•  Jati – Rank within each varna that is used to determine a person’s job

•  Dharma – Caste responsibilities that a person must fulfill

•  Karma - Through reincarnation the soul moves up the caste ladder

ORIGINS OF HINDUISM!

•  Hindu beliefs - Caste system

•  Samsara – the cycle of death and rebirth (reincarnation)

•  Moksha – breaking free of the cycle and achieving eternal peace

ORIGINS OF HINDUISM!

RISE OF BUDDHISM!

•  Siddhartha Guatama (The Buddha)

•  A prince in northern India (b. 563 B.C.)

•  Leaves the palace for the first time at 19 and sees suffering

•  Gives up the throne and becomes a teacher

•  Believes he has achieved enlightenment through meditation

•  He teaches that the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are only way to reach peace (nirvana). Does not support the caste system.

RISE OF BUDDHISM!

•  Theravada Buddhism

•  Philosophical – teaches that people should live like The Buddha (does NOT view him as a god)

•  Followers accept the Four Noble Truths and live by the Eightfold Path

RISE OF BUDDHISM!

•  Mahayana Buddhism

•  Religious – believes that the eightfold path is too difficult for people to follow. Followers worship the Buddha as a god and believe they will follow the Eightfold Path in the afterlife.

Jainism!

•  Mahavira – founder

•  Alive around same time as the Buddha

•  Also a prince who gave up his wealth

•  Ahimsa – practicing non-violence toward all living things

Review Questions!

1. Why would a Hindu of a lower caste (Sudra) be willing to spend their lives doing undesirable work?

2. How does Buddhism differ from Hinduism regarding:

-  Reincarnation

-  Achieving enlightenment

3. What is a major difference between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism?