Why do you eat the foods you do? Convenience- quick to
prepare/cook Price Advertising Ethnic background Etc.
Slide 3
Food Needed for: Growth and repair Energy Nutrients are needed
in the right types and amounts Example: you cannot survive only
eating a peanut butter sandwich breakfast, lunch, and supper
Nutrient: chemicals in food that cells need Nutrition: the study of
nutrients and how your body uses them
Slide 4
Nutrients 6 types of nutrients: Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals
Carbohydrates Water
Slide 5
Proteins Proteins: nutrients that are used to build and repair
body parts Made up of amino acids Make up our skin, organs,
muscles, cytoplasm etc. Foods high in protein: Meat Eggs Fish Nuts
Poultry Soy Dairy products
Slide 6
Fats Fats: nutrients that are used as a source of energy for
your body Able to store large amounts of energy for your body Helps
you absorb vitamins Makes food taste good Foods high in fat: Butter
Meat vegetable oils Nuts Oily fish Stored beneath the skin and
around body organs
Slide 7
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates: nutrients that also supply you
with energy Made up of sugars and starch Foods high in
carbohydrates (anything containing starches and sugars): Bread
Pasta Cereals Beans Potatoes Fruits Rice Stored in the liver and
the blood
Slide 8
Carbohydrates vs fats What is the major difference between fats
& carbohydrates? Body can store fats & cannot store
carbohydrates Energy from carbohydrates is used first before the
energy from fats
Slide 9
Nutrient composition in the body The body is mostly water Male
bodies contain more water than females 60% vs females 50% Male
bodies have less fat than females 18% vs females 30% Male bodies
contain more protein than females 20% vs females 18% Males and
female bodies contain about the same amount of carbohydrates
2%
Slide 10
How much do you need a day? Choosemyplate.gov Super tracker
& other tools Daily food plans Typically: Carbohydrates
(55-65%) Fats (less than 30 %) Proteins ( 10-15%)
Slide 11
Vitamins Vitamins: chemical compounds needed in very small
amounts for growth and tissue repair of the body Have chemical
names and common names Examples: Ascorbic acid= Vitamin C Retinol=
Vitamin A Disease can occur if there is a deficiency in vitamins
you need each day RDA= recommended daily allowance: the amount of
each vitamin and mineral a person needs each day to remain in good
health
Slide 12
Vitamins VitaminHow used in Body Problems if Not enough
FoodsRDA A (retinol)Vision, healthy skin Night blindness, rough
skin Liver, broccoli, carrots 1000g B1 (thiamine)Allows cells to
use carbohydrates Digestive problems, muscle paralysis Ham, eggs,
raisins 1.5mg B2 (riboflavin)Allows cells to use carbohydrates and
proteins Eye problems, cracking skin Milk, yeast, eggs1.7mg
B3(niacin)Allows cell to carry out respiration Mental problems,
skin rash, diarrhea Peanuts, tuna, chicken 20.0mg C(ascorbic
acid)Healthy membranes, wound healing Sore mouth and bleeding gums,
bruises Green peppers, oranges, lemons, tomatoes 60.0mg D
(calciferol)Bone growthBowed legs, poor teeth Egg yolk, shrimp,
milk, yeast 10g
Slide 13
Nutrition Labels Percent Daily Value: the percent of nutrient
found in one serving of a food compared to 100%
Slide 14
Minerals Minerals: nutrients needed to help form different cell
parts. Also chemicals Needed in small amounts
Slide 15
Minerals MineralHow used by body Problems if not enough
FoodsRDA IronHelps form blood cells, helps blood carry oxygen
Anemia, feeling tired Liver, egg yolk, peas, enriched cereals,
whole grains 10-15mg CalciumHelps form bones and teeth Bones and
teeth become weak or brittle Milk, cheese, sardines, nuts,
whole-grain cereal 800-1200mg MagnesiumHelps form bones and teeth
Muscle twitchPotatoes, fruit, whole-grain cereals 325mg IodineHelps
make thyroid gland chemical Causes thyroid gland to enlarge
Seafoods, eggs, milk, iodized table salt 150g SodiumMuscle
contraptions, nerve message Dizziness, tired feeling, cramps Bacon,
butter, table salt Less than 2400mg
Slide 16
Water Human body is composed of 50-60% Importance of water:
Water keeps the body cool Sweat Many chemicals combine only with
water in the body Chemical changes take place in water Water helps
carry away waste from the body Average adult needs ~2.2-3 liters
(9-13 cups) of water each day
Slide 17
Water cont. Many Foods contain water: Watermelon 93% Fish 60%
Hotdog 55% Pizza 45% Bread 35% Honey 17%
Slide 18
Getting Nutrients to Your Body Balanced Diet: a diet with the
right amount of each nutrient Eating the right amount of each food
group everyday- helps maintain a balanced diet
Slide 19
Calories Calorie: a measurement of the energy in food The
higher the calories the higher the energy Majority of calories come
from fat and sugar 1 Calorie = the amount of energy it takes to
raise the temperature of 1000g of water 1C Example: 70 calories
Amount of energy given off is enough to raise 1000g of water 70C
Calories help maintain a constant body temperature 37C Muscle
movement Pump blood Send messages through your nerves
Slide 20
Calories cont. Energy is released from food when cells undergo
respiration Fats- 9 calories/gram Alcohol-7 calories/gram Protein-
4 calories/gram Carbohydrates- 4 calories/gram 3500 calories=1
pound
Slide 21
Using Calories Not everyone needs the same amount of
calories/day Factors: Age Sex Weight/size Activity level Taking in
too many calories or doing little exercise typically results in
weight gain. When your body consumes too little calories- the body
uses stored calories Body also uses stored calories by exercising
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/exercise/SM00109
Slide 22
Digestive System Digestive System: group of organs that take in
food and break it down into a form the body can use Composed of
hollow tubes Food enters through the mouth Food begins to change
form Digestion: changing food into a usable form Continues to
change form as it moves through the digestive track
Slide 23
Physical Changes in Digestion Physical Change: when large
particles of food are broken down into smaller pieces Food is still
in the same form, just smaller pieces Teeth cause physical change
in food Grinding and mixing also cause a physical change in
food
Slide 24
Chemical Changes in Digestion Chemical Change: turns food into
a form that cells can use Food changes form Body uses chemicals
made by the digestive system Enzymes: chemicals that speed up the
rate of chemical change Example: Bread Contains starch made up of
glucose (sugar) Enzymes speed up the change by removing the glucose
from the starch Body can use glucose
Slide 25
Nutrient Digestion Some nutrients need to be digested before
they can be used Require enzymes Different enzymes for each
nutrient Fats Proteins Carbohydrates Some nutrients are already in
useable form water Vitamins Minerals
Slide 26
Human Digestive System Digestion takes about 21 hours Food
enters through the mouth Teeth break and grind down the food
Saliva: a liquid formed in the mouth that contains enzymes Speeds
up chemical changes Changes the carbohydrates, not protein or fats
Made by the salivary glands Salivary Glands: three pairs of small
glands located under the tongue and behind the jaw Saliva passes
from the glands through small tubes to the mouth
Slide 27
Human Digestive System Once you swallow the food travels from
the mouth to the esophagus Esophagus: a tube that connects the
mouth to the stomach Muscles push food towards the stomach Once
through the esophagus, food enters the stomach Stomach: baglike,
muscular organ that mixes and chemically changes protein Can hold
~1 liter of liquid or food
Slide 28
Human Digestive System Stomach Cont. Chemicals produced by the
stomach: Enzyme that speeds up the chemical change of proteins HCL-
hydrochloric acid: aka stomach acid Stomach walls mix and churn the
food Food enters the small intestine Small intestine: long, hollow,
tube-like organ most of the chemical digestion occurs here
Slide 29
Human Digestive System Pancreas: makes 3 different enzymes
(fats, proteins, carbs) Liver: makes a chemical called bile Largest
organ in the body Bile: green liquid that breaks large fat droplets
into small fat droplets Bile gets delivered to the gallbladder
Gallbladder: small baglike organ located under the liver Stores
bile until it is needed by the small intestine
Slide 30
Human Digestive System Pancreas and gallbladder empty their
chemicals into the small intestine Small intestine also makes
enzymes Protein & carbs All food changed chemically into a
usable form
Slide 31
Human Digestive System Food enters the large intestine Large
intestine: tube-like organ at the end of the digestive tract
Increased width ~5cm (small intestine: ~2.3cm) Digestions is NOT
the main focus here Removes water returned to the blood stream
Undigested food leaves as solid waste through the anus
Slide 32
Human Digestive System Appendix: small fingerlike part found
where the small and large intestines meet does not digest food
Digestive system total ~900cm long Average human 170 cm tall
Slide 33
From the digestive organs cells Carried to the body by the
blood By diffusion Diffusion: the movement of a substance from a
high concentration to areas of low concentration Surface of small
intestines absorb the food molecules Not smooth Many fingerlike
parts covering the entire surface of the small intestine =Villi
Each villi contain blood vessels The blood vessels carry the
digested food Increase surface area=more absorption Blood carries
digested food to other parts of the body Gets to these parts by:
diffusion
Slide 34
From the digestive organs cells
Slide 35
Digestion in other animals Different animals eat different
foods What they eat depends on their digestive system Plant eaters
Long digestive systems Plant matter is harder to digest than meat
Length gives the food more time to change into an usable form
Examples: Cows, rabbits, etc Meat eaters Shorter digestive
systems
Slide 36
Digestion in other animals Most animals have a digestive system
with two openings Mouth & anus Different organs to do different
jobs Chemical changes Physical changes Some animals have a
digestive system with one opening Examples: Hydra Jellyfish Opening
serves as mouth and anus Some animals have NO digestive system at
all Example: tape worm Uses diffusion
Slide 37
Digestive Issues Examples: Ulcer Sore or hole on the inside of
the stomach or small intestine Inner lining is being eaten away
Enzymes and acid cause this Heartburn Stomach acids moving into the
esophagus Causes: Eating too much Eating before you lay down Mucus:
thick, sticky material that protects the stomach and intestinal
linings from enzymes and stomach acid