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Ch.11.2 Today’s learning target:Ch.11.2 Today’s learning target:
Explain the effect of the cotton gin on slavery in the south
Describe the life of African Americans inthe mid 1800s south
Read, “One American’s Story” p. 373
Now, read The Cotton Boom. . .
and think about:
What might be the effects of the improvedefficiency?
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
A slave actually helped invent!
CAUSE
Industrial Revolution
increases the number of goods produced at lower
costs which increases
consumer demand
Mills need more raw materials
such as cotton to meet consumer
demand
Eli Whitney invents the cotton
gin (engine) in 1793
Growing & processing cotton
becomes more profitable
From 1790 to 1860, cotton production
increases more than a
thousandfold
Slave labor becomes more necessary to
increase profits
CAUSE/EFFECT
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
Changes in Cotton Production
Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
Southern Agriculture by 1860
Southern Agriculture by 1860
“King Cotton” & Value of Cotton Exports
As % of All US Exports
“King Cotton” & Value of Cotton Exports
As % of All US Exports
Southern PopulationSouthern
Population
CAUSE
Harsh, cruel, inhumane conditions
oppress African Americans
Some African Americans, such
as Frederick Douglass, escape
to the North
Some African Americans, such
as Nat Turner, rebel violently
EFFECTS
7.
8.
9.
What is the correlation or relationship between the 2 graphs?
3,750,000
400% (4 times)
A direct relation (correlation) between the number of slaves and cotton production. As one goes up, so does the other. Are these variables independent?
About how many more slaves were there in 1860 compared to 1790?
10.
11.
12.
13. Explain the cause & effects of increased demand for cotton:
What is the approximate percentage increase in cotton Production from 1800 to 1860?
NO!
Use the graphs & info from 11.2 to answer the questions:
Slave-Owning Population (1850)
Slave-Owning Population (1850)
Slave-Owning Families (1850)
Slave-Owning Families (1850)
A BTop 10%
Bottom%
Top 10% of
population
Remaining 90%
Middle%
Wealth Distribution by% of population
____ Which diagram A or B best illustrates the socio-economic class structure that emerged in the South as a result of its plantation economy?
Characteristics of the Southern economy in
mid 1800s
Characteristics of the Southern economy in
mid 1800s 1. Mostly agriculture
2. Power was in the “lower South” = large plantations
3. “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports).
4. Very little industry
5. Very basic system.
6. Poor transportation system.
Graniteville Textile Co.
Graniteville Textile Co.
Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in
Richmond, VA
Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi
Plantation
Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi
Plantation
Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”
William Henry Brown, 1842
“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”
William Henry Brown, 1842
Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling
House, 1823
Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling
House, 1823
Southern Slavery was unique in the world
Southern Slavery was unique in the world
J 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
J By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state.
J 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy.
J 1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free.
J 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.
J 1844: slavery abolished in the French. colonies.
J 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.
Slave Auction Notice, 1823
Slave Auction Notice, 1823
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856
Slave MasterBrands
Slave DevicesSlave Devices
Slave muzzle
Slave tag, SC
Slave DevicesSlave Devices
Slave leg irons
Slave shoes
Anti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave Pamphlet
A Real Georgia Plantation
A Real Georgia Plantation
Slaves posing in front of
their cabin on a
Southern plantation.
Slaves posing in front of
their cabin on a
Southern plantation.
Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?
Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?
Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?
The Southern “Belle”The Southern “Belle”
Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)
Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)
A Real Mammie & Her Charge
A Real Mammie & Her Charge
A Slave FamilyA Slave Family
The Ledger of John White
The Ledger of John White
J Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00
J Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy
J Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,Donaldsonville, $1200.00
J Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00
J Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00
US Laws Regarding Slavery
US Laws Regarding Slavery
1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]
2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act.
3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.
Slavery was difficult to control in the U.S.
Slavery was difficult to control in the U.S.
J High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping.
J GOAL raise the cost of escape
u Slave patrols.
u Southern Black Codes.
u Cut off a toe or a foot.
Slave ResistanceSlave Resistance1. “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used
as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].
Slave ResistanceSlave Resistance
2. Refusal to work hard.
3. Isolated acts of sabotage.
Slave ResistanceSlave Resistance4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads
Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.
Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas
Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
1822
Gabriel Prosser
1800
Slave Rebellions in the South: Nat Turner,
1831
Slave Rebellions in the South: Nat Turner,
1831
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
• Nat Turner & 70 followers killed 55 whites in Virginia
• Turner & followers captured and put to death
• aftermath resulted white southerners killing over 200 blacks
• harsh laws were passed restricting slaves & free blacks
• anti-slavery ideas (abolition) were suppressed
The Slave Culture The Slave Culture 1. Black Christianity [Baptists or
Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.
2. “Pidgin” languages.
3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.
4. Importance of music in their lives. [spirituals].
Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda
Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda
View “America, the Story of Us” clip “Division” begin at ~ 15:00 min.
