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Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 2
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Your Instructor
Rex BlackPresident RBCS, CTO RBCSNZ, CTO PureTesting:
worldwide testing services companies
President ASTQB and ISTQB: non-profit professional organizations
Quarter century of software engineering experience
Author of 5 books and dozens of articles
Married, father of two
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 3
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
The Materials
The slides follow the ISTQB Foundation Syllabus 2007
The terms come from the latest ISTQB Glossary
Two mock exams are included to assess your readiness for the ISTQB Foundation exam
Each section includes sample exam questions to check your knowledge as you proceed
Exercises are included for main techniques
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 4
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
ISTQB Foundation Syllabus 2007
Developed by a team of nine authors spanning seven countries: Thomas Müller (chair), Rex Black, Sigrid Eldh, Debra Friedenberg, Dorothy Graham, Kalus Olsen, Maaret Pyhäjärvi, Geoff Thompson and Erik van Veenendaal
Forty primary reviewers spanning nine countries
Final review and approval by 33 National Boards
Distills over 1,000 person-years of experience
The ISTQB and the authors are the source of the syllabus (copyright © 2005 and 2007 by the authors and ISTQB) which is used by permission as the basis for this course
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 5
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
The Main Topics Covered
1. Fundamentals of testing
2. Testing throughout the software lifecycle
3. Static techniques
4. Test design techniques
5. Test management
6. Tool support for testing
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 6
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
What You’ll Gain from This Course
Understand the foundational best practices of software testing
Adapt testing efforts for the context in which they will occur
Design tests using black-box, white-box, and experienced-based techniques
Build confidence, reduce risk, and find defects in the software you test
Explain software testing objectives and results to non-testers in terms they’ll understand
Identify and successfully introduce appropriate testing tools and processes
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 7
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Preparing for the ISTQB Foundation Exam
Download the Foundation Syllabus and Glossary from www.astqb.org
Read the Syllabus and study Glossary definitions
Take the first mock exam (end of this section), noting carefully areas you need to give special attention
Work through each chapter and section of this course, trying all sample exam questions and exercises, reviewing topics as needed
Take the second mock exam at the end of the courseIf you pass, you should be ready for the real exam
If you fail, go back and review the materials you missed
Contact your National Board about exam options (e.g., www.astqb.org in the United States)
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 8
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Mock Exam
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 9
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Let’s See Where You Stand
Starting on the next slide, you’ll find the first mock exam for this course
This exam will measure where you stand on the material covered in the syllabus
Don’t worry if you don’t pass this exam, just pay attention to the questions you miss
You’ll want to pay special attention to these topics
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 10
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Place holder - Mock Exam1
Chapter 1 : Fundamentals of Testing
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 12
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Foundation of Testing
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 13
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
1.Fundamentals of Testing
1. Why is testing necessary?
2. What is testing?
3. General testing principles
4. Fundamental test process
5. The psychology of testing
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 14
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 1:
Why is testing necessary?
Part 1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 15
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Why is Testing Necessary?
Key conceptsHow bugs can cause harm
Bugs and their effects
The necessity of testing
The role of testing in quality assurance
Terms to remember
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 16
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
The Threat of Bugs
CompanyDamaged reputation for quality
High or unpredictable maintenance costs
Unexpected delays in release cycles
Lack of confidence in system
Lawsuits
EnvironmentPollution
Waste
People, societies, and statesLost jobs
Lost lives
Lost rights
Lost missions
Lost wars
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 17
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Where Bugs Come From and What Bugs Do
People make errors which put bugs (defects) into the systemRequirements and design specifications
Code (business logic and user interface)
Documentation (electronic and hard copy)
When defective code is executed, failures occur
If there failures are visible to customers, users, or other stakeholders, dissatisfaction with system quality may result
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 18
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Foundation of Testing
Section 1:
Why is testing necessary?
Part 1: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 19
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S1P1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 20
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Foundation of Testing
Section 1:
Why is testing necessary?
Part 2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 21
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
What Does “Quality” Mean to You?
“Fitness for use” vs. “Conformance to requirements”
Testing and qualityTests give confidence where they find few bugs
Passing tests reduce the level of quality risk
Failing tests provide a chance to improve quality
The test set gives an assessment of quality
What are the important quality characteristics for your system? Are you testing them (enough)?
Testing, quality assurance, and quality improvementIdeally, testing is part of a larger quality assurance strategy for a project
For future projects, analyze the root causes of defects found on current projects and take steps to reduce their incidence
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 22
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 1:
Why is testing necessary?
Part 2: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 23
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S1P2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 24
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 2:
What is testing?
Part 1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 25
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
What is Testing?
Key conceptsCommon objectives of testing
The purpose of testing…• in software development, maintenance, and operations…
• …to find defects, provide confidence and information, and prevent defects
Terms to remember
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 26
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Testing Objectives
Typical general testing objectivesFind bugs and provide programmers with the information they need to fix important bugs
Gain confidence about the level of quality of the system
Prevent defects (through early involvement in reviews and advanced test design)
Provide information about the most important aspects of the quality of the system under test
Help management understand system quality
Can you think of others for your projects?
Do you tent to align your plans and actions with the testing objectives set by management?
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 27
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Phases and Objectives
Unit/Component Test: Find bugs in the individual pieces of the system under test before the pieces are fully integrated into the system
Integration/String Test: Find bugs in the relationships and interfaces between pairs and groups of components in the system under test as the pieces come together
System Test: Find bugs in the overall and particular behaviors, functions, and responses of the system under test as a whole
Acceptance/Pilot Test: Demonstrate that the product is ready for deployment/release or to assess quality and give information on the risk of deployment/release
Maintenance Test: Check for defects introduced during development of the changes
Operational Test: Assess non-functional system characteristics such as reliability or availability usually in the operational environment
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 28
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Effective: Producing a decided, decisive, or desired result; impressive
To be effective testers, we must select the appropriate objective and desired results
Efficient: Productive of desired effects;
especially productive without waste
To be efficient testers, we must allocate resources (time and money)
These terms are most meaningful in the context of the entire development or maintenance process, not just the testing process
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 29
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 2:
What is testing?
Part 1: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 30
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S2P1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 31
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 2:
What is testing?
Part 2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 32
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Testing vs. Debugging
Testing finds failures that are caused by bugs
Debugging……identifies the root cause of a bug…
…repairs the code…
…and checks that the defect is fixed correctly
Confirmation testing ensures the fix resolves the observed failure
Different responsibilities:Testers test
Programmers debug
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 33
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Find-Debug-Confirm
Testing Debugging
Developer
Tester
Tester
Test Team
Bug Report
Clear handoffs and
Division of Labor
Through Bug Reporting
And Test Release Process
Bug Fix
Development Team
7.Is the problem fixed? Does the system now pass the same test it failed before? Does the test of the system still behave properly?
1. Can I reproduce the failure? 2. Does the failure indicate a
test bug or a system bug?3. What factors influence the failure?
4. What is the root cause of the failure?5. How can I repair the defect without introducing new problems?6. Is my fix properly debugged?
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 34
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Beyond Test Execution
Testing is not just running tests against a running system
Other test activities, before and after execution, include…Planning and control
Choosing test conditions
Design test cases
Checking test results
Evaluating exit criteria
Test result reporting
Closure/ end-of-test tasks
We will revisit this later
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 35
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 2:
What is testing?
Part 2: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 36
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S2P2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 37
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 3:
General testing principles
Part 1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 38
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
General Testing Principles
Key conceptsTesting reveals the presence of bugs
Impossibility of exhaustive testing
Benefits of early testing
Lumpiness of bugs: defect clustering
Pesticide paradox
Testing should adapt to specific needs
Absence-of-errors fallacy
Terms to remember
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 39
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Testing Reveals Presence of Bugs: A Parable
You have a beautiful vegetable garden, but one day you see eaten leaves on the tomatoes
“Oh no,” you think, “I have hornworms!”
You know you have bugs in your garden
If you had not seen the symptoms, could you be sure you had no bugs?
Some bugs are easy to spot, others aren’t
Testing can reveal the presence of bugs, but cannot prove their absence
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 40
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Mission Impossible: Exhaustive Testing
“Just make sure the software works before we ship it…”
This charter is demonstrably impossibleThe execution paths in non-trivial software are almost infinite
Large dataflows separated across space (features) and time (static data)
Slight changes can cause regressions which are not linear to the size of the change
Myriad usage profiles and field configurations, some unknown and some unknowable
Bottom line: Exhaustive testing (all combinations of inputs and preconditions) is not possible
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 41
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Defusing Exhaustive Testing Expectations
Exhaustive testing as a way to prove the software works is a common (mis)expectation
Bad expectations create problems for test professionals and test teams
Unachievable high demands on test group
Perception of incompetence when these demands aren’t met
Testers must be ready to communicate (in words the project stakeholders will understand) how testing can contribute
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 42
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 3:
General testing principles
Part 1: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 43
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S3P1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 44
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 3:
General testing principles
Part 2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 45
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Defect Clustering
Studies have long shown and continue to show the unequal distribution of bugs
MVS: 38% of field bugs in 4% of modules
IMS: 57% of field bugs in 7% of modules
Capers Jones reports that the excessive presence of error-prone modules causes a 50% reduction of productivity in software maintenance
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 46
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Clustering of Bugs by Component
586
454
413
204
109 97 94
14028%
50%
69%
79%84%
89%93%
100%
OSS Browser E-Mail WMAL Address Book CCOM UI Design Other
Bug
Cou
nt
Cum
ulat
ive
%
Five components with bug counts of less that 60 each.
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 47
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Benefits of Early QA and Testing
The cost of a bug tends to increase as the project continues
Most of the costs associated with pre-release bugs tend to be associated with the effort required to remove them, so the higher cost means longer schedules
The more bugs enter a quality assurance or test activity, the more bugs will escape from that activity
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 48
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
그림
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 49
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 3:
General testing principles
Part 2: Cost of quality questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 50
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S3P2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 51
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 3:
General testing principles
Part 3
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 52
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Pesticide Paradox
Return to your vegetable garden
Your spray pesticide on your garden, and the hornworms die, but the pesticide is not effective against all bugs
Just as pesticides become less effective, so do tests
Functional tests can’t find performance bugs
Try new test techniques―if the objective is to find bugs
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 53
TMM_SETP_E v2.02.50
0.65 0.6 0.60 0.580.52 0.51
0.43
0.380.28
0.11
0.25
Weig
hte
d B
ugs/
Hour
2.00
0.44
0.30 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.15
Weig
hte
d B
ugs/
Hour
These two pictures compare efficiencies of the top 11 bug-finding test suites (out of 27). The top graph shows the first time the set of test suites was run. The bottom graph shows the results for the fifth time that same set of test suites was run. The average test suite efficiency in the first pass, 0.4, is used as the axis crossing point in both graphs.
With one exception, the same test suites are in the top 11 test suites, which shows bug clustering again. However, all test suites are less effective after five executions.
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 54
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Absence-of-Errors Fallacy
Finding and fixing many bugs does not guarantee user, customer, and/or stakeholder satisfaction
Many low-defect products have failed in the market place
Successful projects balance competing forces in terms of features, schedule, budget, and qualtiy
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 55
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Testing Should Adapt to Needs
Different projects, organizations, and products have different testing needs
Best testing practices exist (and are discussed in this course) but you need to tailor them to your project
Failure to adapt the test team and its methods to these needs is a common result of dissolution of test teams
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 56
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 3:
General testing principles
Part 3: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 57
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S3P3
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 58
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 4:
Fundamental test process
Part 1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 59
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Fundamental Test Process
Key conceptsPlanning and control
Analysis and design
Implementation and execution
Evaluating test exit criteria and reporting
Test closure activities
Terms to remember
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 60
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
ISTQB Fundamental Test Process
You can think of the test process in terms of the following steps
Planning and control
Analysis and design
Implementation and execution
Evaluating test exit criteria and reporting
Test closure activities
These steps may overlap, be concurrent, and/or iterate
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 61
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Planning and Control
Planning
Determine test scope, risks, objectives, strategies
Determine required test resources
Implement the test strategies
Schedule test analysis and design
Schedule implementation, execution and evaluation of tests
Determine the test exit criteria
Control
Measure and analyze results
Monitor and document progress, coverage and test exit criteria
Initiate corrective actions
Make decisions
Many planning and control activities involve obtaining project team and project management agreement, support, and consensus.
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 62
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 4:
Fundamental test process
Part 1: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 63
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S4P1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 64
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 4:
Fundamental test process
Part 2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 65
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Analysis and Design
Analysis
Review the test basis (e.g., requirements or design specifications, network/system architecture, quality risks)
Identify and prioritize test conditions, test requirements, or test objectives and required test data based on anlysis of test items (e.g., their behavior, specification, and structure)
Evaluate testability of the requirements and system
Design
Design and prioritize combinations of test data, actions, and expected results
Identify the test data needed for test conditions and cases
Design the test environment
Identify infrastructure, tools
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 66
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Implementation and Execution
Implementation
Develop, implement, and prioritize test cases, create data, write procedures
Create test harnesses, scripts
Organize test suites and sequences of test procedures
Verify the test environment
Execution
Execute test cases (manual or automated)
Log test results, and the versions of the software under test, test tools and the testware
Compare actual and expected results
Report and analyze incidents
Repeat corrected and/or updated tests
Run confirmation and/or regression tests
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 67
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Exit Criteria, Reporting, and Closure
Exit and reporting
Check test logs against the exit criteria in the test plan
Assess if more tests are needed or if the exit criteria specified should be changed
Write a test summary report for stakeholders
Closure
Confirm test deliverables, final resolution or deferral of bug reports, and the acceptance of the system
Finalize and archive testware, test environment and test infrastructure
Deliver testware to the maintenance organization
Perform a retrospective to capture improvements for future releases, projects, and test processes
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 68
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 4:
Fundamental test process
Part 2: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 69
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S4P2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 70
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 5:
The psychology of testing
Part 1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 71
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Psychology of Testing
Key conceptsPsychological factors for testing success
Clear objectives
Self-testing and independent testing
Respectful communication
Programmer and tester outlooks for success
Terms to remember
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 72
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Good Tester Attributes
The attributes of a good tester include:Curiosity
Professional pessimism
A critical eye
Attention to detail
Good communication skills
The proper mix of skills is needed, too
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 73
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Defining Tester Skills
ReadingSpecifications, e-mail, test cases, etc.
WritingTest cases, bug reports, test documentation, etc.
Technology, project, testing skillsTechnology: Programming languages and more, like operating systems, networking, HTML/Web, etc.
Application domain: banking, human factors, office applications, etc.
Testing: scripting, exploring and attacking the system, automation, performance modeling, etc.
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 74
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Differing Mindsets
Testing and reviewing are different activities than developing, and the mindsets are different, too
Developers can test their code, but often have the wrong mindset to do it effectively
Separation of duties (via independent testing) helps focus testing
Professional testers are more effective at testing activities, especially finding failures, as they are more objective and don’t have the author’s bias
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 75
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Degrees of Independence
Though developers can (and should) test their own code, independent testers are typically more effective at finding failures
Levels of test independenceBy test item’s author (low level of independence)
By another person(s) within the same team
By a person(s) from a different team or test specialists
By a person(s) from a different organization or company (high level of independence)
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 76
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 5:
The psychology of testing
Part 1: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 77
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S5P1
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 78
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 5:
The psychology of testing
Part 2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 79
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Clear Objectives
People and projects are driven by objectives
People usually try to align themselves with objectives set by management and other stakeholders, but often confusion exists about the objectives of testing
For example should testing find defects or confirm that software works?
If it is to find defects, what percentage?
If it is to build confidence, to what level?
A test policy can help to clearly state the objectives of testing
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 80
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Focus
Focus problemsPursuing issues narrow-mindedly, losing sight of more important priorities
Getting distracted from key tasks
Balance and re-evaluate priorities every so often
Stay focused on the goals and objectives of the test project
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 81
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Constructor or Destructor?
Some testers who find failures are perceived as criticizing the product or the author
Sometimes, testing is seen as a destructive activity
Done properly, testing is essential to managing product risks
Project teams must recognize the difference between making a mess, pointing out a mess, and cleaning up a mess…and know who is responsible for each
Testers must communicate about the messes they point out in a constructive way
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TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Bad News or Bad Guy?
Testers are sometimes on receiving end of emotions brought on by news of project problems
Communication skills can helpCollaborate for better quality
Communicate neutrally, about facts, without criticism
Understand your colleagues and how they’ll react to your findings
Confirm your colleagues understood what you said
Confirm you understand your colleagues
Schedule pressure can exacerbate this problem
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 83
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Section 5:
The psychology of testing
Part 2: Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 84
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1S5P2
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 85
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Test Engineering FoundationEssential Knowledge for Test Professionals
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Testing
Cross-section
Sample exam questions
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 86
TMM_SETP_E v2.0
Articulate Quizmaker Quiz
Placeholder – Ch1XS
Byoungju Choi, EWHA Womans University 87
TMM_SETP_E v2.0