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Ch.44 Controlling the Internal Environment. I. Thermoregulation II. Osmoregulation III. Excretion. Thermoregulation. Heat exchange review Fig 44.1. Ectothermy example: Endothermy example:. Thermoregulation p.871. Feedback mechanisms (Fig 44.8) Hypothalamus control (Ch 48) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Thermoregulation p.871Feedback mechanisms (Fig 44.8)
Hypothalamus control (Ch 48)
Responses to high body temp?Responses to low body temp?
Acclimatization (some mammalian cell proteins)
Torpor (hibernation, estivation)
Water Balance & Waste Disposal
p. 873
Nitrogenous wastes:Ammonia, urea, uric acid (fig44.10)
Osmoregulation: (fig 44.11)
Stenohaline, euryhaline
Anhydrobiosis (water bears p. 879)
Excretory Systems p.879
What is the function of the kidneys?1. Filtration
NEPHRONS of the kidneys
Blood pressure forces blood into the glomerulus; water,urea, small solutes are forced through the filter.
Nonselective filtration
Excretory Systemsin the NephronProximal tubuleLoop of HenleyDistal tubule (collecting duct)
99% of water is reabsorbed back into the body
Excretory SystemsFeedback circuits:
ADH, hypothalamusRAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)ANF (atrial natriuretic factor)