Cha cha changes!Cha cha changes!Intellectual and SpiritualIntellectual and Spiritual

World around 1450World around 1450

East Asia South Asia Middle East/Islamic World East Europe West Europe Latin America

Change in EuropeChange in Europe

Renaissance What is it? Yea, you know…

Reformation

ReformationReformation

Reform (hahaha…duh) the Catholic Church Divided the western church: Catholic and

Protestant Official beginning? 1517 Where? University of Wittenburg, Germany Why? Humanist application of reason to

understand problems within the Church

Why Change the Church?Why Change the Church?

Corruption: Papal concern with Italian politics & other

“worldly” matters Papal obsession with $$$ and selling of church

offices(investiture controversy) Parish priests unaware of duties Relics indulgences

ErasmusErasmus

Christian humanist: “how to live good lives on a daily basis

rather than rather than provide a system of beliefs that people have to be practice to be saved.” (pilgrimages, fasts, relics, etc.)

Want: spread Christ, provide education, criticize church abuses

Did not advocate break with church

Martin LutherMartin Luther

11/1/1517: 95 Theses on door of University of Wittenburg

Former priest Wanted to fix the church,

but by 1520, called for a more serious break

3 solas: scriptura, fide, gratis

Spread quickly

Other Reformers:Other Reformers:

Calvin (Geneva): advocated salvation on grace alone, doctrine of predestination

Zwingli (Zurich): if the Bible doesn’t say it, don’t do it.

John Knox (Scotland)

The Politics of ChangeThe Politics of Change

Germany?

England?

Within the Catholic Church?

In EnglandIn England

Henry VIII Former protector and defender of

the faith Now, separated from the Church Why? Women

Edward VI Mary Elizabeth I

Counter ReformationCounter Reformation

16th C., to counter the abuses highlighted by the Reformers

Three pillars: The Jesuits Council of Trent Reform of the Papacy

JesuitsJesuits

Purpose: restore and spread Catholicism to Germany, eastern Europe, and rest of the world

Used education

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent

Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings 1545-1563, 3 sessions Both faith and good works Seven sacraments Clerical celibacy Belief in purgatory indulgences

After the Reformation:After the Reformation:

What other intellectual changes?What other intellectual changes?

Science?

Philosophy?

Education?

So…the effect on the world?So…the effect on the world?

In Latin America?

In Europe?

Some Similarities?Some Similarities?

What are some global processes at work?

Some other similarities?