Challenges and Changes in the

MovementChapter 29 Section 3

Objective & Do NowObjective: understand what led to the rise of black militarism

Do Now: Is the legacy of the Civil Rights movement & Black Panthers alive today?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0XMJMphPT4

I African Americans Seek Greater EqualityA. Northern Segregation

• By 1965 civil rights movement and leaders began drifting apart new leaders emerging who focus on the north• N prob = de facto segregation (custom & practice)

harder to fight than de jure segregation (law)• Easier to change specific laws (Jim Crow) than to

change ppls hearts and minds

• De facto segregation increased as Af. Amer. ton cities after WWII the white flight• Decaying slums/discrimination/stagnant poverty

violence

B. Urban Violence Erupts• 5 days after Voting Rights Act LA race

riots last for 36 days• Rage expressed by Af. Amer.

Communities not understood by whites especially after all victories for civ rights law• Did not see the econ, jobs, housing &

EDU inequality• LBJ’s War on Poverty = program

designed to help impoverished Americans• War in Vietnam took econ. Resources

away from prog. & LBJ’s Great Society

II New Leader Voice DiscontentA. African American Solidarity

• Growing belief that Af. Amer. Should be in control of their own com.• Malcom X was one of these leaders

• Studied teaching of the Nation of Islam aka Black Muslims• Became minister of Muslim faith

• Preached whites were cause of the conditions found in black com. & that they should be separate from white society• Appealed to many as pride in their culture was

rising in Af. Amer. Com.

•Advocated self defense rather than nonviolence•Gained media attention that had 2 results•Call for self defense frightened many whites•Reawakened resentment in other members of the Nation of Islam

B. Ballots or Bullets•Malcom breaks from Nation of Islam & forms another Muslim org.•Makes pilgrimage to Mecca & learns of orthodox islam teachings that preach equality of all raceschange of view towards whites

•Ballots of Bullets explanation•Malcom X assassinated

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgy2ytgLE84

C. Black Power• James Meridith shot in “march against fear” SCLC (MLK) CORE (McKissick) & SNCC (Stokley Carmichael) continue what he started• SNCC & CORE shout militant slogans like followers of black

seperatists• MLK “We shall overcome” drowned out by “We shal

overrun”

• Carmichael arrested Black power speech (Pg 874)• Black Power slogan electrified the crowd MLK & other

urge him to stop using it out of fear it might provoke Af. Amer. Violence and antagonize whites

• Calls for Af. Amer. To begin to define their own goals urges SNCC to stop recruiting whites & focus on Af. Amer. Pride

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ed3b7uS3fn8

D. Black Panther’s•Huey Newton & Bobby Seal form new political power called Black Panthers• Fight against police brutality in the ghetto• Advocated taking control of their

communities & exemption of Af. Amer. From mil. Service unfair of Af. Amer. Drafted in Vietnam

•Black burets, sunglasses, black leather jackets•Preached armed revolt FBI

investigations (sometimes illegal)• Recruited members from SNCC & gained

support from ghettos for providing services

E. MLK’s Assassination•Knew his life was in danger assassinated by James Earl Ray•RFK calls for peace (Pg.875) •MLK’s death race riots all over the country•RFK assassinated

III Legacy of Civil Rights Movement• Kerner Commission investigate urban violence writes report main

reason= white racism• Called for end of de facto segregation but LBJ doesn’t follow recs. Because of

white opposition• Civil Rights movement brought end of de jure segregation higher

education & voting among Af. Amer.• Also greater pride to Af. Amer. Culture black studies & mainstreamed

culture• Still combated de facto segregation• Made worse by white flight

• Affirmative action some criticize