Challenges and Issues in Managing Wildlife Hazard

(Airport Perspective)

By:

Ms. Badriyah Noordin

(Malaysia)

ICAO WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT SEMINAR

14 – 16 MAY 2014

SINGAPORE

• Challenges C1 - Bird Strike Reporting

C2 - Migratory Bird

C3 - Control of airport outer boundary

• Issues I1 - Swiftlet : Hazard vs Business

I2 - The need for expert

Bird Strike Reporting

Migratory Bird

Control of airport outer boundary

• Point of reporting - Bird strike report recorded base on carcass found during

daily inspection

- Birds strike reports shared by ATC when pilot report

- Receive a complaint from airline on damages due to bird strike

- Reports received were incomplete, insufficient data given by pilots for airport to work with

- Untimely submission of bird strike report

• Consolidate Bird Strike report - Collate report from ATC, airline and cross refer with

operation bird strike report to get the right picture

- To acquire other details such as location, time, height, size of bird

- A lot of platform use to get the airlines (pilots) to report bird strike efficiently.

• Bird strike data shown significant increase base on data consolidation but it does not commensurate with the total carcass found on runway

• Derive and study data from bird strike reports by plotting the strike area

• Breakdown the strike occurrence base on height and distance from Runway threshold (location)

min /max width

Distance from end of runway

Maximum height

150m from rwy centerline

Above runway <50ft

150m / 300m 900m (Approach Lights Area)

300ft

300m/1500m 900m – 5000m 301 - 1500 ft

1500m 5000m – 15km 1500 - 4500 ft

.

KLIA bird-strike incident are plot according to: - Location - Height

Legend

KLIA Approach and departure area 0.3 km 5 km 0 3 km 5 km 15 km 15 km Runway 1

(32R/14L)

Runway 2

(32L/14R) 1 km 1 km 5 km 5 km 15 km 15 km

300ft 2000ft 6000ft 200ft 1500ft 4500ft

Landing 3’ Departures 5’-7’

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Series1 25 18 13 16 38 32 103 74 103 91

25

18 13

16

38 32

103

74

103

91

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Bird Strike Ocurrence per year

BIRD STRIKE ENCOUNTERED 2004 - 2013

• The results show the number of strike occur are relatively balance within inner and outer

HOWEVER…

42%

36%

22%

No of bird strikes occurance inner & outer boundry KLIA 2013 Inner boundryArea covered 1 km from runway threshold until perimeter fencing Height is less than 300ft.

Outer boundryArea between perimeter fencing to maximum distances of 13km from runway thresholdHeight is more than 300ft

Not stated

33%

45%

22%

No of bird strikes occurance inner & outer boundry KLIA 2014 Inner boundryArea covered 1 km from runway threshold until perimeter fencing Height is less than 300ft.

Outer boundryArea between perimeter fencing to maximum distances of 13km from runway thresholdHeight is more than 300ft

Not stated

1 LB. BIRD @ 200 MPH EXERTS

OVER 2½ TONS OF FORCE

4 LB. BIRD @ 200 MPH EXERTS

OVER 6 TONS OF FORCE

=

=

DATA IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE!!

• Record of all strikes must reported timely (pilot role)

• DNA analysis for bird identification by Wildlife Department (blood stain, feather, pieces of meat)

• Engaging with pilots to provide sufficient bird strike data • Height of strike, location, phase of flight, time

• Species of birds, numbers, size, direction

• Aerodromes remain as focal point to collate and analyze all wildlife data.

• Flying from China or Siberia during winter season

• KLIA is included in their flight route/plan

• This bird is not accustomed as the local bird

• Most of them tend stop over at the balancing pond and some might go to the storm drain, or rest at the grass area

Great Egret Little Egret Chinese Egret

Cattle Egret Purple Heron

Group Species

Raptors oriental honey buzzard, ospreys, black baza, black-shouldered kite, Japanese sparrowhawk, greater spotted eagle, Chinese goshawk and grey-faced buzzard. white-bellied sea eagles, changeable hawk-eagles, brahminy kites and crested serpent eagles

Wetland birds Common Redshank, Terek Sandpiper, Eurasian Curlew, Whimbrel, Curlew Sandpiper, Red-necked Stint and Bar Tailed Godwit, Herons

• KLIA is lucky there is a wetland in Putrajaya that can be used as attractant for the bird to stop and rest

• Klia2, a dry balancing pond was built in order to avoid being attractant to wildlife

• In recent year, airport operator work closely with Wildlife Department has alerted that a new species of migratory bird were sighted in Perak (northern side of Malaysia)

• ICAO recommend landfill boundary is 13km from ARP of an airport

• For an established airport, what are actions/plan that can be use to mitigate activities that exist prior development of airport such as:

i) Aquacluture

ii) Horticulture

• How do we deal with villagers that have their own vegetation (fruit) in their backyard near to airport?

• Airport could only: i) Seek enforcement assistance from local municipal

(multiple) to safeguard the outer airport boundary.

ii) Conduct awareness session on impact of bird strike with the local community

iii) Seek technical expert from ornithologist of Wildlife Department on application technique that can be use to make airport less welcoming and it’s outer boundary

5 municipal authorities within 15km radius of KLIA Issues • Waste management at

small township and housing estates

• Illegal Landfills • Swiftlets farm Mitigation action Coordination meetings and awareness

A. KLIA

B. Dengkil Inert Waste Landfill

C. Tanjung Duabelas Sanitray Landfill

Both type of landfill is located right at the edge of the required boundary of landfill stipulate in ICAO Doc 9137 – 13km from ARP

SANITARY LANDFILL

(Tanjung Duabelas)

• Domestic/Household waste

• Commercial waste

• Light industrial waste

• Market waste

• Street/Public cleaning waste

• Construction waste

• Condemned food waste

INERT WASTE LANDFILL

(Dengkil)

• Construction Waste

• Soil

• Tyres

• Garden Waste

• Any types of non-leaching waste

Swiflet : Hazard vs Business

The need for Bird Expert

• Swiftlet is a small size birds that always flying around looking for food and it can cover a 40km radius of area

• Swiflets farming are encourage by the government due to their saliva known to have a lot of health benefits and exported to China

• Bird nest business is a lucrative business when the bird’s nest is sold at the price of RM3,000 – 4,000 per kilogramme

• In 2010, Malaysia recorded production of 290 metric tonnes worth RM 1.2 billion

• Malaysia Airports Sepang - MA(S) have numerous meetings with local municipals, town planning department, Wildlife Department, local DCA, Forestry Department to discuss about swiftlet that may be a hazard to aircrafts operating in KLIA.

• Malaysia Airports Sepang also held a briefing session with Swiftlet Merchant Association on the hazards of bird strike to aircraft and the swiftlet pose as hazard when they fly in flock

• The Swiftlet Merchant Association was reluctant to accept the fact that swiftlet pose as hazard to aircraft and demand for evidence.

• DNA sampling result showed a number swiftlet were strike and finally

• Advise from PERHILITAN based the swiftlet life cycle and flying pattern, the municipal declared 25km radius of free swiftlet farm house. Though the bird ability to fly over 40km radius

• Municipal council were able to take rigorous action towards illegal bird house where the number is higher than registered bird house

• What is competent level set for airport personnel to be part of bird team?

• What type of training should airport personnel be equip with to be part of bird team?

• How do we justify for an airport to have a bird expert (ornithologist)?

• What basis to be use for airport to spend millions of dollar to mitigate wildlife hazard?