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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Challenges in meteorology and climatology at a high alpine site
M. Collaud Coen, L. Vuilleumier, D. Ruffieux and B. Calpini
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
photo: MeteoSwiss archive
Meteorological observations since 1930’s
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Automated measurements since 1980 photo: MeteoSwiss archive
4 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
MeteoSwiss instrumentation
SACRAM (radiation, SW: CM21, LW: CG4)
Wind (Rosemount)
Temperature + relative humidity (Thygan)
Synop (observation)
Pressure (Vaissala PT220) + logger
Temperature + relative humidity (Rotronic)
GAW aerosol
SMN station since October 2007 Values every 10’ (note: no precipitation)
5 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Challenging conditions
harsh winds, low temperatures, frost permanently manned station
6 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Strength in combining information (1)
ABO
ARH
AMS
AND ANT
ARO
RAG
BAN
BEH
BER
BEZ
BIE
BLA
BOL
BRL
BUS
BUF
CEV
CHZ
CMA
COV
COM
CHU
CDF CHM
DEM
DIS
GVE
GSB
EVO
EBK
ENG
ELM
EGO
GRA
FRE GIH
GEN
GST
GRO
GRH
GRE
GOE
GRC
HOE
HLL
LEI
LAG
INT
DIA
ATT
LUZ
LUG
LOE
MUB
MVE
MAH
MAB
MSK
MOA
MOE
MER
MTR
NEU
NAS PIL
PUY PMA
REH
SIA SBE SAM
SAE
STG
SIO
SCU
SPF
STC
SMP
UEB
TIT
SMM
VIS
VAB
VAD
ZER
WYN WAE
HAI
TSG
KLO
ORO
CHD
EIN
FAH
GLA
KOP
RUE
ULR
GUT
SMA
ALT
MAG
TAE
DAV
NAP
OTL
CIM
GUE
ROB
SHA
SBO
WFJ
CGI
BAS
PLF
AIG
CHA
DOL
MLS PIO
ROE
Automated Swiss Meteorological Network stations 0 50 100 25 Kilometer
VECTOR200©swisstopo (DV053906)
PAY
JUN
GRUAN & BSRN station
GAW global station
N aerosol clouds radiation
490m
3580m
7 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Low
M
oder
ate
Hig
h Ve
ry h
igh
Ext
rem
e
Serving society
• UV index measured by MeteoSwiss at different altitudes
Maximal UV index climatology
• Information to public
8 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Alti
tude
[m]
Distance [m]
Payerne
Jungfraujoch
Lidar: scattering ratio (aerosol), T, RH Microwave radiometer: T, (RH) Windprofiler: wind speed and direction Ceilometer: backscatter ratio (aerosol)
Strength in combining information (2)
CLACE 2010 REM @ Kleine Scheidegg (2061 m)
9 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Comparison of wind direction
For some meteorological data at Jungfraujoch caution necessary
C. Ketterer, Bound. Layer Meteorol., 2014
10 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
CLACE 2010: PBL for convective days
0000 0600 1200 1800 2400
Ceilometer backscattering
ratio
Windprofiler signal to noise
ratio
Stull, 1988
11 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
CLACE 2010: comparison REM - in situ
Remote sensing @ Kleine Scheidegg:
-Wind direction and strength: black arrows
-PBL height from ceilometer: colored dots
In-situ measurement@ JFJ:
-upper pannel: absorption coefficient
-lower pannel: scattering coefficient
12 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Jungfraujoch
Alti
tude
[m]
Distance [m]
Payerne
1500 m @ PAY
1000 m @ KS
measured @ JFJ
PBL for convective day in summer vs altitude
13 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Climatology of Saharan dust events at JFJ
M. Collaud Coen, ACP 2004
14 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Measurement for climatic purpose
C. Appenzeller, 2008
15 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Long term climatological record @JFJ (1)
• temperature increase since 1933: ~1.4°C (+0.17°C/10y)
• days with positive temperatures all day (24h): 60% increase since 1961
Reference period 1961-1990
1°C
Temperature higher than reference period average
Temperature smaller than reference period average
16 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Long term climatological record (2)
-0.35
0.42
0.63
0.11
17 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
-12
-64
-6%
-16
Icing days (Tmax< 0°C) Frost days (Tmin< 0°C)
Climate indicators @ JFJ
[%/10y]
[%/10y]
18 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Sunny days (rel. Sunshine duration>80%)
Cloudy days (rel. Sunshine duration<20%)
+29 -28
+27
-3.3
-0.2
-12
+7
+2.5
[%/10y] [%/10y]
19 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Pina
tubo
JFJ
Ruckstuhl, C., JGR, 2008
Long-term AOD time series in Europe (1995-2005)
20 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Long-term AOD time series in Europe (1995-2005)
Pina
tubo
Stro
ng d
ecre
ase -63%
-60%
86-05
95-05
-27%
-21%
-26%
-15%
-12%
-10%
Non
-sig
nific
ant
C. Ruckstuhl, JGR, 2008
21 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Long-term AOD time series in Europe (1995-2010)
S. Nyeki, JGR, 2012
- Longer data set (15 years) - Different statistical method
JFJ 15y trend: - PBL influence - stratospheric AOD
Mean: 0.026
Mean: 0.068
Mean: 0.104
+27%/10y
-11%/10y
-10%/10y
22 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Trend analysis of scattering coefficients at GAW and IMPROVE stations (2000-2010)
not statistically significant (s.s.) s. s. negative trends s. s. positive trends
M. Collaud Coen, ACP, 2013 A. Asmi, ACP, 2013
Jungfraujoch Hohenpeissenberg
23 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
MeteoSwiss @ JFJ
• operates a SMN and SACRAM station
• supports GAW monitoring programs
• applies GCOS rules to ensure long-term datasets
• favors research activities by the GAW+
• continuously improves measurement techniques
regarding harsh weather conditions
• improves the accuracy of climatic relevant
measurements
24 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Many thanks to: The whole MeteoSwiss teams working at JFJ: J.-M. Aellen, E. Brocard, S. Brönnimann, G. Durieux, B. Equey, C. Félix, J. Grandjean, B. Henchoz, J. Jaffrain, L. Modolo, L. Moulet, Y.-A. Roulet, C. Thévoz, A. Vessaz, S. Vincent. The JFJ custodians: M. and J. Fischer, U. and M. Otz
Questions?