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Challenges of…… Designing & Implementing
Distributed Antenna Systems
BOB BUTCHKOPartner/EVP
Distributed Antenna System (DAS)Bi-directional radio communication
system linking a specific outdoor area with multiple antennas, or an entire building, in-door area,
from a single central antenna to an established macro communication system / network.
In-Building DAS……
Hot subject for cabling industry!Session headline…..1. Recently Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) are being applied in
increasing numbers for a wide variety of technologies 2. Support of commercial wireless providers and public safety applications
are primary drivers in this trend.
Our wireless world…. Commercial Communications
Global Society is addicted to……
Life-Style Electronic AppliancesCell Phones / Blackberries / Internet
Incessant demand for….FULL BAR SERVICE
ANYWHERE ANYTIME
WITHOUT INTERRUPTION
Our wireless world…..Emergency Communications
Post 9/11…..• Inter-jurisdictional - INTEROPERABILITY• In-building communications - PUBLIC SAFETY
RADIO SYSTEMS
What is the last thing these first responders want to hear ?
BONK!
Our Wireless World…..
Commercial CommunicationsCell Phone CoverageWi-Fi / Data Networks
Emergency CommunicationsPublic Safety Radio
Indisputable Fact…..No matter how many towers
the carriers erect or
How many repeater sites counties install
There will always outdoor areas or indoor areas that
are without adequate coverage
4G - Fourth generation of cellular standards
A 4G cellular system must have target peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low
mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access, according to the ITU requirements
• Data not voice is primary concern• Must get receiver closer to donor antenna• Absolute bonanza for outdoor and indoor infrastructure
providers
What does this all mean?
MORE INFRASTRUCTURE
What is “In-Building Wireless”Can APPLY TO VOICE, DATA, VIDEO
• All Handheld RF Communications– Public Safety Radio– Maintenance, Security, Concierge
• Mobile Phone– Full-bars Throughout the Structure– Single or Multiple Carriers
• Broadband Services– Wireless Internet Services Provider (WISP)– Wi-Fi Hot Spots, Full Building Coverage– Instance On-Demand Internet
In-Building Market Size(Equipment + Services)
Global IBW Total Equipment and Services Market will grow at 20% CAGR between 2008 and 2014
ABI Research
In-Building Market 2008 ($5.5 billion) 2014 ($15.4 billion)
Approx 1% of buildings covered in NA Approx 3.3% of buildings covered in NA
Distributed Radios (femtocells and picocells) will steal market share from Passive DAS systems by 2014
ABI Research
Key Market Trends….. • Specific verticals such as hotels, malls, casinos, financial institutions
lead the way for IBW• The carrier-owned business model is the most prominent worldwide
with a move towards shared cost model with multi-carrier systems.• Neutral host model is limited to certain verticals in North America
such as hospitality, shopping malls.• Building owners have been proactive in the healthcare vertical and
are starting to get proactive in the university vertical. However IBW is still very much driven by the carrier to a large extent but this is changing
• IBW requirements for LTE and MIMO are still in the initial stages but will drive additional infrastructure needs.
ABI Research
Key Market Trends….. • Innovations in IBW systems include digital DAS and repeater
systems, optical multiplexing, wideband DAS systems, unshielded CAT5 support in DAS, and using HVAC ducts to distribute RF signals within and building.
• DAS suppliers are focusing on having maximum utilization of existing infrastructure and cabling with minimum disruption to the building.
• Femtocells and Picocells are expected to play a more prominent role in IBW systems both as a feeder into DAS as well as a distributed radio solution especially in buildings that are 100,000 square feet and smaller.
• Public safety has been traditionally a scattered market limited to NA, and in Europe to some extent. $900 million of Obama stimulus funding is likely to be allocated in 2H 2010 for public safety IBW
ABI Research
Wireless Stats2010 2005 2000 1995
Wireless subscribers 233 million 208 110 34Wireless Penetration(% of total US Pop.)
76% 70 39 13
Wireless Only Households 12.8% 7.7 N/A N/AIncremental Capital Investment
$24 billion $25.2 $18.4 $4.9Minutes of Use 1.8 trillion 1.5 trillion 259 billion 37.7 million
Cell Sites 195.5 thousand
184 104 23E 911 calls-per day 291 thousand 260 139 55
Market Configuration…..
Large Complex Structures
Smaller Commercial Structures
Home / Hobbyist
OCC
Inner Wireless / Corning
Wilson - SpotWave
Enterprise
Limited Application
Design Challenges • First and foremost …..
– This is a RF Engineering task that requires specific skill sets
• Accurate readings up front • CAD software is an estimation tool, not the gospel• Link budgets are a must • Caution: overkill / under-kill• Keeping down the costs• Don’t reinvent the wheel • Fulfilling carrier expectations
Some Design Considerations1. Old Building, new building2. Physical type of structure, size, number of floors, sub-
grade3. Time line for deployment4. Select the “appropriate” solution set 5. Number of subscribers per carrier6. Number of carriers/providers, number of access
protocols, number of bands which ones etc. 7. Existing cable infrastructure8. Conduit, plenum, work hours, lifts, historical , 9. dBm design goals -95,-85,-80 etc. 10. Interference issues11. RF source
Some Design Considerations• Open Warehouse• Manufacturing space• Cubed offices• Dry-walled office• Number of offices• Hi-rise• Government• Historic• Mall • Airport• Convention center• Stadium/Arena
In-Building Implementation• Start early in the process get clear decision on scope • IBW has not “Crossed the Chasm”
– costs are paramount • Timing is critical for cost savings or cost overruns • Carrier cooperation and co-ordination• Carriers only care about their customers,
– full bars, no dropped calls, increase ARPU, period
Typical CostsPer Square Foot Costs (Cents)
• PSRS Average 20-25• Mobile phone coverage Average 55-65• Broadband infrastructure Average 5-15
All Services Combined Average 65-75
BUT ALWAYS WELL < 1%
Copyright 2010 all rights reserved
Actual Costs: Silver Spring Gateway
Total Square Footage – 717,400
• PSRS $182,030.84 OR $0.25
• Mobile Phone $406,946.73 OR $0.57
• Broadband $59,645.98 OR $0.08
All Services Combined $469,742.76 OR $0.64
PLAN OF ACTION• Initial assessment• Define and reserve vertical chases for DAS cabling • Submit mid-construction budgetary proposal• Monitor construction progress• Once building is “closed-up/skins-on” complete a comprehensive signal
strength survey • Do final design based on live test and recorded imperial data• Submit final turnkey, fixed-fee, proposal • Install system• Test and optimize• Conduct county test and secure “compliance of coverage” documentation• Owner submit documentation to county• L&CT submit invoice.
Copyright 2010 all rights reserved
IBW Technology BriefSystem Fundamentals:• Distributed Antenna System…..DAS
– Fiber Cabling – Coaxial cable called Heliax / Radiax– Couplers, power dividers– Internal spot antennas– Access points
• Signal Boosters – Bi-Directional Amplifiers, BDA’s
• Roof Top Antenna Systems– External Antenna Arrays
• Multi-Service Mesh Networks
