Change of Type of Employment, Tokyo’s Labour Force is Affected … · Note: Figures are as of end of October each year. Figures for Vietnam are from 2012. Figures for Nepal are

Tokyo’s Labour Force is Affected by Demographic Aging

Source: TMG, MIC “Labour Force Survey”

4 “Wholesale and Retail Trade” have Many Number of Employees, and “Information and Communications” Account for a High Percentage of Employees Relative to the Whole Country

Note: “Employed persons (others)” is total of “worked besides doing housework”, “worked besides attending school” and “absent from work”.

Source: MIC “Population Census”

2 Labour Force Status Varys between Male and Female

Source: TMG “Labour Force Survey”

3 Aging Labour Force

Note: Figuresfornationwidefor2011aresupplementary-estimatedfigures.Source: TMG, MIC “Labour Force Survey”

1 Labour Force Participation Rate in Tokyo is on the Rise in Recent Years

Note: Executives of company or corporation are excluded.Source: MIC, TMG “Employment Status Survey”

1 Regular Employee Ratio Comes Down Relative to 25 Years Ago

Note: Figures are ratios to employment except executives of company or corporation.

Source: MIC, TMG “Employment Status Survey”

2 Non-Regular Staff Ratio is on the Rise

4 Foreign Workers engaged in “Information and Communications” and “Accommodation, Eating and Drinking Services” in Tokyo Account for a High Percentage Relative to the Whole Country

Note: Figures are as of end of October.Source: MHLW“SituationofNotifiedForeignNationalEmploymentStatus”

Note: Figures are as of end of October each year. Figures for Vietnam are from 2012. Figures for Nepal are from 2014. Countries of G7/8 etc. consist of UK, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Russia, Australia and New Zealand.

Source: MHLW“SituationofNotifiedForeignNationalEmploymentStatus”

3 Number of Foreign Workers is on the Rise

Population aged 15 years old and over by labourforce status and labour force participation rate

62.9 Tokyo 64.2

62.4 Nationwide 59.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(10,000 persons) (%)

Employed persons

Unemployed persons

384.2

1,038.0

1,184.0

423.6

28.7

731.2

1192.5

64.4

59.6

424.5

27.5

740.0

32.8

619.6

Not in labour force

Labour force participation rate(right axis)

7.3 21.6 24.6 14.3 10.2

22.0 65 years old

and over

(%)

15–24 years old

9.8

8.7

7.4

26.8

25–34years old

26.1

22.7

19.0

22.2

35–44years old

25.0

45–54years old

21.2

17.9

19.1

16.6

55–64years old

17.5

16.6

6.5

7.7

9.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

20006.52 million

persons

20056.77 million

persons

20107.12 million

persons

20157.68 million

persons

Composition ratio of Labour Force by age

Number of employed persons and percentagein the whole country by industry (2015)

All

indu

strie

s to

tal

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

post

al a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

lean

d re

tail

Trad

e

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

sre

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

sA

ccom

mod

atio

ns, e

atin

gan

d dr

inki

ng s

ervi

ces

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal s

ervi

ces

and

amus

emen

t ser

vice

s

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

Oth

ers

50.1

71.4 67.7

36.9

123.6

25.9 25.9 42.0 52.0

27.6 37.1

73.6 58.2

48.0 11.6

10.0 6.9

32.4

11.0 11.7

16.9 21.6 19.6

13.6 12.0 12.2

9.4 14.3

7.4

0

10

20

30

40

0

40

80

120

160(%)(10,000 persons)

Percentage in the whole country (right axis)

71.8

94.1

54.5

76.4 73.3

60.0

42.9

80.1

27.7

43.2

63.1

30.4

Regular employee ratio by sex and age

0

20

40

60

80

100(%) 1987

20022012

Male Female

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65years oldand over

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65years oldand over

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1997 2002 07 12

(%)

Non-regular staff ratio by sex

44.0

52.955.2

Nationwide (female)57.5

24.6

31.9

35.5Nationwide (total)

38.2

44.3

52.9 51.3 Tokyo (female)51.9

Tokyo (total)27.0

33.5 34.7

35.7

Tokyo (male)14.8

19.121.7 22.4

Nationwide (male)11.1

16.3

19.922.1

(10,000 persons)

21.1 31.2 32.3

2.1

South Korea 3.7 4.1

4.1

Philippines9.2 10.7

Vietnam6.1

11.0 2.4

Nepal 3.9

9.9

Brazil

9.4

9.7

Peru

2.3

2.4

6.0

Others

8.7

10.6

48.6

78.8

90.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

2008 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

4.0

G7/8 etc

5.7

6.1

China(including Hong Kong, etc.)

Number of foreign workers by country (nationwide)

1.9

Construction

3.2

Information and communications

10.8

4.0

18.7

12.5

22.4

11.8

Education, learning support

6.1

6.2

13.9

13.6

Others19.3

16.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100(%)

6.9

32.6 Manufacturing

Accommodations,eating and

drinking services

Wholesaleand

retail trade

Services,n.e.c.

Tokyo277 thousand

persons

Nationwide908 thousand

persons

Composition ratio of number of foreign workers by industry (2015)

7.8

5.6

8.3

8.7 17.6

18.317.2

13.6

5.1

5.0

5.1

35.6 9.1 32.9

16.527.9

19.0 28.656.6

6.450.2

51.8

7.6

22.9

19.8

11.6 8.7

12.9

7.0

18.5

16.1

9.5 7.3

17.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Employed persons (mostly worked)Employed persons (others)Unemployed personsNot in labour force (Did housework, attending school)Not in labour force (others)Unknown

Male Female

14.0

68.885.1

65.959.1

32.614.8

48.8 42.130.0 24.6

11.365 years

old and over15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65 years

old and over15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64

Population aged 15 and over by sex, age,and labour force status (2010)

(10,000 persons)

Change of Type of Employment, etc. Leads to Various Employment Structure

Employment in Tokyo—Employment StatusEmployment in Tokyo—Employees

30 31Industry and Employment in Tokyo – A Graphic Overview 2016 Industry and Employment in Tokyo – A Graphic Overview 2016

Graphic2016-EN.indb 30-31 16/06/21 9:38

Although It is Improving, Employment Situation is faced with Issues such as Human Resource Mismatching and OthersEmployment in Tokyo—Job Openings / Job Applications Employment in Tokyo—Job Openings / Job Applications

Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau statistics

1 Job Openings-to-applicants Ratio is Increasing

3 Job Openings-to-applicants Ratio Significantly Varys with Occupation

Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau, MHLW statistics

2 Number of New Job Openings for “Information and Communications” and “Accommodations, Eating and Drinking Services” in Tokyo Accounts for a High Percentage Relative to the Whole Country

Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau statistics

Note: Establishments with 5 regular employees or more. Accession (separation) rate = number of hired (separated) employees / number of regular employees x 100.

Source: MHLW “Survey on Employment Trends”

5 Ratio of Persons Who Found Employment is Increasing in Tokyo

7 Female Accession Rate Increased About Double Compared with Last Year

Note: Establishments with 5 regular employees or more.Source: MHLW “Survey on Employment Trends”

6 Numbers of Hired Employees and Separated Employees Increased Significantly Compared with Last Year

Note: Ratio of persons who found employment = number of employed persons / number of new job applicants x 100.

As for number of persons who found employment, regular employees and non-regular employees are indicated separately from 2008.

Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau, MHLW statistics

Note: Figures are annual averages. Nationwide unemployment rate for 2011 is the complementary-estimatedfigures.

Source: MIC, TMG “Labour Force Survey”

4 Unemployment Rate is Improving 8 Rate of Hired Career-changing Employees is High among Young People Both in Male and Female

Note: Establishments with 5 regular employees or more. A hired career-changing employee is a hired employee with work experience within the year prior to findingwork,however,thisdoesnotincludesidejobsorworkoflessthan1month.

Source: MHLW “Survey on Employment Trends”

Medical,health careand welfare

Composition ratio of number of new jobopenings by industry (2015)

4.6

Construction

7.4

Information and communications

7.4

3.0

4.5

5.6

15.3

15.4

13.8

8.7

4.1

4.1

18.3

21.5

Services,n.e.c.16.4

14.1

Others11.6

10.4

0 20 40 60 80 100

Tokyo120 thousand

persons

Nationwide863 thousand

persons

(%)

Manufacturing9.7

3.9

Accommodations,eating and

drinking services

Wholesaleand retail

trade

Transport andpostal activities

Living-related and personalservices and amusement services

Job openings-to-applicants ratio (new and active)by type of employment

1.12

2.15 2.36

0.59

1.32

1.47 1.62

3.62

4.03

0.90

2.29 2.54

5

4

3

2

1

02000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(Times) New job openings-to-applicants ratio (Full-time)Active job openings-to-applicants ratio (Full-time)New job openings-to-applicants ratio (Part-time)Active job openings-to-applicants ratio (Part-time)

Active job openings-to-applicants ratio by occupation (2015)

2.25

0.45

2.39 4.30

10.48

1.30

2.69 3.81

0.94

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12(Times)

Pro

fess

iona

l and

tech

nica

l wor

ks

Cle

rical

wor

ks

Sal

es w

orks

Ser

vice

wor

ks

Sec

urity

wor

ks

Man

ufac

turin

gpr

oces

s w

orks

Tran

spor

t and

mac

hine

oper

atio

n w

orks

Con

stru

ctio

n w

orks

Car

ryin

g, c

lean

ing

rela

ted

wor

ks

Unemployment rate and number of unemployed persons

27.5 28.727.5

Unemployment rate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1997 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(%)

NationwideTokyo

(10,000 persons)

Number of unemployed persons(Tokyo) (right axis)

3.4 3.6 3.43.6

4.13.8

(10,000 persons) (%)

14.8

Persons who foundemployment

(Tokyo)

Regular employees 6.7 6.7

Non-regular employees 8.2 7.9

23.5

Tokyo

27.5 28.3

31.4

Nationwide

33.5 33.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Employment rate (right axis)

14.9 14.6

Number of persons who found employment /ratio of persons who found employment Numbers of hired employees and separated employees

84.3 85.4

144.0

56.2 Full-timeemployees

61.4 72.7

28.1

Part-timeworkers 29.6

48.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

(10,000 persons)

Number of hiredemployees

Number of separatedemployees

84.490.9

121.2

(%)

13.5

10.6

13.4

11.5 11.3 13.1

16.0 14.9

28.1

19.6

15.9

20.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Accession rate and separation rate by sex

Separation rate(female)

Accession rate(female)

Separation rate(male)

Accession rate(male)

Rate of hired career-changing employeesby sex and age (nationwide; 2014)

16.5 17.3

14.3 12.1

8.5

26.1

15.2

19.2

7.4

4.9

0

10

20

30

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64

(%)

Male

Female

19 yearsold andunder

65 yearsold and

over


Graphic2016-EN.indb 32-33 16/06/21 9:39

Youth Employment Situation is Improving

Note: Establishments with 10 regular employees or more. Total of scheduled hours worked and non-scheduled hours worked of regular employees.

Source: MHLW “Basic Survey on Wage Structure”

4 Workers in Their 20’s and 30’s Work Long Hours

Note: Establishments with 10 regular employees or more. Scheduled cash earnings of regular employees.

Source: MHLW “Basic Survey on Wage Structure”

2 Wage Gap between Male and Female and between Regular and Non-Regular Staff Become Wider with Years of Continuous Employment

Note: Establishments with 5 regular employees or more.Source: TMG “Monthly Labour Survey”

3 Workers in “Construction” Work Long Hours

Note: Establishments with 5 regular employees or more.Source: TMG “Monthly Labour Survey”

1 Total Cash Earnings is High in “Finance and Insurance” and “Information and Communications”

Note: Young persons are those aged 15 to 34.Source: TMG “Labour Force Survey”

1 Percentage of Young Employed persons in Youth Population is on the Rise

Note: Figures above are as of October of each year. Young persons are those aged 20 to 34. Entire ages are total of all age groups with 15 years old and over.

Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau materials

2 Active Job Openings-to-applicants Ratio of Young Persons Continue to Rise

3 Youth Unemployment Rate is Higher than Total Unemployment Rate

Note: Young persons are those aged 15 to 34. Entire ages are total of all age groups with 15 years old and over.

Source: TMG “Labour Force Survey”Note: Graduation in March each year.Source: MHLW materials

4 Job Offer Rate of Students Expecting Graduation from High Schools and Colleges / Universities Tends to Improve

1–2Less than1 year

3–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30 yearsand over

MaleFemale

Monthly scheduled cash earnings by type ofemployment (nationwide; 2015)

253.6

459.9

215.9

354.6

215.8

266.0

178.8

205.2

0

100

200

300

400

500(1,000 yen)

Non-regular staff

Regular staff44.4

43.7

Non-scheduled cash earnings

Special cash earnings564.8

607.6

166.2

285.6 285.6

614.0

508.6

105.0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

(1,000 yen)

Scheduled cash earnings

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

gIn

form

atio

nan

d co

mm

unic

atio

nsTr

ansp

ort a

ndpo

stal

act

iviti

esW

hole

sale

and

reta

il tra

de

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

eR

eal e

stat

e an

d go

ods

rent

al a

nd le

asin

gS

cien

tific

rese

arch

, pro

fess

iona

lan

d te

chni

cal s

ervi

ces

Acc

omm

odat

ions

,ea

ting

and

drin

king

ser

vice

sLi

ving

-rel

ated

and

per

sona

lse

rvic

es a

nd a

mus

emen

t ser

vice

sE

duca

tion,

lear

ning

sup

port

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

5–29

em

ploy

ees

30–9

9 em

ploy

ees

100–

499

empl

oyee

s

500

empl

oyee

s or

mor

e

(By

type

of e

mpl

oym

ent)

Full-

time

empl

oyee

s

Par

t-tim

e w

orke

rs

(By

size

of e

stab

lishm

ent)

Average monthly cash earnings per person (2014)

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64years old

Monthly total actual working hours by age and sex (2015)

178180

179

175

Male

173 172

168166

Female160

170

180

190(Hours)

0

20.220.4145.2

174.4 164.1 165.2

110.4 109.9

134.6 150.9

164.3

83.7

0

50

100

150

200(Hours)

Non-scheduled hours worked

Scheduled hours workedScheduled hours worked

Total actual hours worked per month (2014)

Con

stru

ctio

n

All

indu

strie

s

Man

ufac

turin

gIn

form

atio

nan

d co

mm

unic

atio

nsTr

ansp

ort a

ndpo

stal

act

iviti

esW

hole

sale

and

reta

il tra

deFi

nanc

e an

d in

sura

nce

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

sre

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

sA

ccom

mod

atio

ns,

eatin

g an

d dr

inki

ng s

ervi

ces

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal

serv

ices

and

am

usem

ent s

ervi

ces

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rtM

edic

al, h

ealth

car

e an

d w

elfa

re

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

5–29

em

ploy

ees

30–9

9 em

ploy

ees

100–

499

empl

oyee

s

500

empl

oyee

s or

mor

e

(By

type

of e

mpl

oym

ent)

Full-

time

empl

oyee

s

Par

t-tim

e w

orke

rs

(By

size

of e

stab

lishm

ent)

54.3 52.9

166.7 159.3

221.0 212.2

53.6

158.0

211.6

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(10,000 persons)

0

40

8060

20

(%)

Percentage of young employed personsamong total employed persons

Percentage of young employed personsamong youth population

Employed persons aged 15 to 24

Employed persons aged 25 to 34

Number of young employed persons by age group,percentage of young employed persons among

youth population, and percentage of youngemployed persons among total employed persons

61.8 66.3

28.629.0

66.2

34.2

1.40 Entire ages

1.27 1.39 1.37

30 to 34 years old

1.09

2.39

20 to 24 years old

2.13 2.31

1.32

25 to 29 years old

1.12 1.22 1.22

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

(Times)

Active job openings-to-applicants ratiofor young persons by age group

4.7 Entire ages

3.8 3.6

8.1

15 to 24 years old

5.24.85.6

25 to 34years old

4.7 4.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(%)Youth unemployment rate by age group

94.1

98.2 98.8

93.594.4

96.7

85

90

95

100

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(%)

0

The job offer rate for students expecting graduation fromhigh schools and colleges / universities (nationwide)

High school, as of end of March

College / University, as of April 1st

Wages and Working Hours Vary with Industry and Type of EmploymentEmployment in Tokyo—Wages and Working Hours Employment in Tokyo—Young People


Graphic2016-EN.indb 34-35 16/06/21 9:39

Senior Citizen Employment is Trending Upwards

Note: “Entire ages” is the unemployment rate of total number of unemployed persons aged 15 and over.

Source: MIC “Labour Force Survey”

4 Unemployment Rate of Persons 60 to 64 Years Old is on the Decline in the Long Term

Source: MIC “Employment Status Survey”

2 55 Years Old and Over Make up About 50% of Persons Engaged in Work in “Real Estate and Goods Rental and Leasing”


3 Number of Persons Engaged in Work Aged 65 and Over Have Declined Significantly


1 A Quarter of Employed Persons are 55 Years Old and Over-Number of employed persons aged 65 and over are trending upwards-


1 Number of Females Engaged in Work Continue to Increase


2 Females Account For a High Percentage of Employed Persons in “Medical, Health Care and Welfare”

3 Number of Non-Regular Staff is Greater Than Regular Staff for Females Aged 40’s and Over


4 Female Labor Force Participation Ratio Declines in Their 30’s in Japan-The bottom of M-shaped curve rose relative to 10 years ago-

Note: Therearesomecaseswherethefigurescannotbecomparedwitheachotherbecausestatisticaldefinitionsandresearchmethodsdifferfromcountrytocountry.FiguresofUSAandfiguresofSwedenin2003 are 16 years old and over.

Source: Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training “Databook of International Labour Statistics”

112.7 55 to 64 years old 104.5

50.7 65 years old and over 75.8

0

50

100

150

200

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(10,000 persons)

163.4180.3

106.0

76.6

182.6

17.5 14.3

7.9 10.4

25.3 Total employed persons aged 55 and over 24.7 24.7

14.3

10.4

0

10

20

30(%)

Number of employed persons aged 55 and over,and percentage in all employed persons by age

Percentage in all employed persons

55 to 64 years old

65 years old and over

Number of employed persons

0

5

10

15

20

25

30(10,000 persons)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

(%)

All

indu

strie

s to

tal

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

post

al a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

lean

d re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

sre

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

s

Acc

omm

odat

ions

, eat

ing

and

drin

king

ser

vice

s

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal s

ervi

ces

and

amus

emen

t ser

vice

s

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

55–5970–74

60–6475 years old and over

65–69Percentage of personsengaged in work aged55 and over in allpersons engagedin work (right axis)

24.7

29.0 25.825.8

8.0

27.3 24.724.7

11.4

49.0

23.223.2

23.329.3

24.9 22.022.0

34.8

Number and percentage of persons engaged in workaged 55 and over by industry and age (2012)

55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75years oldand over

55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75years oldand over

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

(10,000 persons)

Family workersExecutives of company or corporation

Self-employed workers

Part-time workers

Arbeit (temporary workers)Dispatched workers from temporary labour agencyContract employeesEntrusted employeesOthers

Regular employees

FemaleMale

3.9 6.4 4.6 4.2 4.6 2.1 2.1

5.8

7.5

4.6 3.6 3.3

20.09.5

2.2

6.9 4.72.2

8.68.6 9.39.3

4.44.42.22.2

2.82.8

2.02.0

3.63.632.8

34.2

19.3

12.210.2

21.8 22.7

13.0

8.1 7.1

Number of persons engaged in work aged 55and over by sex, age and type of employment (2012)

3.4

Entire ages

3.6

2.5

55 to 59 years old

2.9 2.8

6.2

60 to 64 years old

3.5 3.4

1.5

65 years old and over 2.2 2.0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1997 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(%)

Unemployment rate of persons engaged in work aged 55and over by age group (nationwide)

182.4

294.3311.233.7

Percentage of females(right axis)

41.2 42.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0

100

200

300

400

1977 82 87 92 97 2002 07 12

(%)(10,000 persons)

Number and percentage of females engaged in work

Number of females engaged in work

Number and percentage of employedfemales by industry (2015)

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

post

al a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

lean

d re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

sre

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

sA

ccom

mod

atio

ns, e

atin

gan

d dr

inki

ng s

ervi

ces

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal s

ervi

ces

and

amus

emen

t ser

vice

s

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

80

192

68

587

139 110

151

290

152 204

547

246

53.7

42.5

55.8 55.1 55.0

74.3

42.3

0

25

50

75

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700(1,000 persons) (%)

Percentageof females(right axis)

47.547.5

220220

15–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–64

65 years old and over

Male Female

0 10 20 30 40 605060 50 40 30 20 10 0(10,000 persons)(10,000 persons)

10.05.1 32.3 24.6

36.8 20.1 4.741.3 17.9 7.6

41.6 16.1 10.234.3 13.9 10.6

26.9 9.5 9.220.0

9.56.4 7.55.84.94.4

6.9 8.66.4 4.7 9.3

4.5 5.1 4.67.311.4 13.44.8

10.4 12.4 10.3

Executives of company or corporation

Arbeit (temporary workers)

Family workers

Part-time workers

Self-employed workers

Regular staff

Dispatched workers from temporary labor agency

OthersContract employees, entrusted employees

Number of persons engaged in work by age, status inemployment and type of employment (2012)

Non-regular staff Non-regular staff

15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64years old

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100(%)

Female labor force participation ratio by countryand age group (worldwide; 2003 / 2013)

Japan (2013)

USA (2013)

Sweden (2013)

Japan (2003)

USA (2003)

Sweden (2003)

Working Women are Increasing, and Many of Them are Part-Time Workers

Employment in Tokyo—Senior Citizens Employment in Tokyo—Women


Graphic2016-EN.indb 36-37 16/06/21 9:39

Note: FiguresareasofJune1st.“Agriculture,forestry,fisheries”and“Miningandquarrying of stone and gravel” are included in Others.


4 Percentage of Employed Persons with Physical or Intellectual Disabilities are High in “Manufacturing”, and Percentage of Employed Persons with Mental Disabilities are High in “Service, n.e.c.”

Note: Figures are as of June 1st each year. As the systems were revised in 2005and2010,figurescannotbesimplycompared.“Overall”meansthecompanies with 56 employees or more until 2012 and the companies with 50 employees or more from 2013. The companies with “56 to 299 employees” are used in place of the companies with “50 to 299 employees” until 2012.

Source: MHLW materials, Tokyo Labor Bureau materials

2 The Larger the Company is, the Higher the Actual Employment Rate of Persons with Disabilities is

Note: FiguresareasofJune1st.“Agriculture,forestry,fisheries”and“Miningand quarrying of stone and gravel” are excluded.


3 The Most Number of Employees with Disabilities are employed in “Manufacturing”

Note: FiguresareasofJune1steachyear.Duetosystematicsrevisions,figuresuntil 2010 and those from 2011 cannot be simply compared.


1 Number of Employed Persons with Disabilities is Increasing

Note: Figures are as of June 30th of each year. Targeting unit labour unions.Source: MHLW “Basic Survey on Labour Unions”

1 While Number of Unions has been Declining after the Peak at the End of 1980s, Number of Union Members Has Recovered a Little after Declining from the Peak at the Beginning of 1990s.

Note: Figures are as of June 30th of each year.Source: TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs materials

2 Number of Labor Union Members of Part-Time Workers is on the Rise

3 Numbers of Labor Consultations and Petitions for Labor Tribunal Proceedings Almost Remain Flat in Recent Years

Note: The labor tribunal system was established in 2006. Figures in 2006 are from April to December.

Source: Court materials

Note: Consultations at Tokyo Metropolitan Labor Consultation Center. If multiple items are included in one consultation, each item is counted. “Workplace harassment” has been listed since FY2008. Top 5 items in FY2014 are listed.

Source: TMG materials

4 “Resignation” and “Workplace Harassment” Account for High Percentage of Labor Consultations

10.5 Persons with physical disabilities 12.0 12.3

1.6

Persons with intellectual disabilities

2.7 2.9

0.3

Persons with mental disabilities 1.1 1.4

12.4

15.8 16.6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2009 10 11 12 13 14 15

(10,000 persons)

Number of employed persons with disabilitiesat private companies

Tokyo (50 to 299 employees)

Tokyo (300 to 999 employees)

[Legal employment rate 2.0]

Actual employment rate of personswith disabilities by size of company

0.84

0.99 1.031.26

1.621.681.60

2.02 2.06

1.40

1.771.81

1.49

1.82 1.88

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(%)

Tokyo (Overall)Nationwide (Overall)

Tokyo(1,000 employees or more)

All

indu

strie

s to

tal

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Ele

ctric

ity, g

as,

heat

sup

ply

and

wat

erIn

form

atio

n an

dco

mm

unic

atio

nsTr

ansp

ort a

ndpo

stal

act

iviti

esW

hole

sale

and

reta

il tra

deFi

nanc

e an

din

sura

nce

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

sre

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic, r

esea

rch,

pro

fess

iona

lan

d te

chni

cal s

ervi

ces

Acc

omm

odat

ions

,ea

ting

and

drin

king

ser

vice

sLi

ving

-rel

ated

and

per

sona

l ser

vice

san

d am

usem

ent s

ervi

ces

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Com

poun

d se

rvic

es

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

1.811.73 1.95 1.96

1.61 1.98

1.65

1.95

1.57 1.73

1.89

1.65 1.53

1.97

1.78 1.82

1.01.52.0

[Legal employment rate 2.0](%)

Actual employment rate

32.3

7.0

5.2

41.2

1.4

14.9 10.7

22.4 12.9

2.8 7.6 6.5 2.5 2.3

8.0 0.4

27.0

01020304050

(1,000 persons)

Number of employed persons with disabilities andactual employment rate by industry (2015)

Persons with mental disabilitiesPersons with intellectual disabilitiesPersons with physical disabilities

Construction Manufacturing Information and communicationsElectricity, gas, heat supply and water

Transport and postal activities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insuranceReal estate and goods rental and leasing

Scientific, research, professionaland technical services

Accommodations, eating and drinking services

Living-related and personal services and amusement services

Medical, health care and welfare Compound services OthersServices, n.e.c.

Education, learning support

Manufacturing26.3

23.8

13.9

10.1

11.7

6.4

7.1

5.0

11.8

18.4

18.4

9.4 4.5

4.9

4.4 4.9

11.4

3.9

4.6

5.5

5.8

15.0

18.1

23.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

Persons withphysical disabilities

123.1 thousandpersons

Persons withintellectual disabilities


Persons withmental disabilities


(%)

Services, n.e.c.

Composition ratio of number of employed personswith disabilities by industry (2015)

Wholesale and retail trade

Number of unions and union members

106

244 214 219

0

50

100

150

200

250

1960 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15

(10,000 persons)

4.8

9.5

7.5 7.3

0

5

10

1960 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15

(1,000 unions)

Number of unions

Number of union members

(%)

(10,000 persons)

10.6

Percentage of unions with part-timeworkers to the total number of unions

16.2 16.6

10

12

14

16

18

10.5

Number of part-time union members29.3 32.9 5.2

Percentage of part-time union membersto the total union members (right axis)

13.815.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

10

20

30

40

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

(%)

Percentage of unions with part-time workers, number of part-timeunion members, percentage of part-time union members

Number of petitions for labor tribunal proceedings atthe Tokyo District Court

Number of labor consultations at TokyoMetropolitan Labor Consultation Center

4.9 5.3 5.3

0123456

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14(FY)

(10,000 cases)

258

1,046 1,053

0200400600800

1,0001,200

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

(Cases)

(%)Composition ratio of labor consultations by subject

8.9Laborcontract

7.5

9.7

Unpaid wages

6.9

10.6 Dismissal

8.0

6.0

Resignation

10.4

6.4

Workplace harassment

9.0

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 (FY)

To Achieve Legal Employment Rate is a Key Issue in Employment of Persons with Disabilities

Note: Legal employment rate for private companies was revised to 2.0% from April 1st, 2013 (formerly 1.8%). As for actual employment rate and number of employed persons with disabilities, from July 2010, a person with severe physical disability or severe intellectual disability shall be counted as two persons, a part-time worker (a worker whose scheduled working hours for a week are between 20 hours or more and less than 30 hours) who has severe physical disability or severe intellectual disability shall be counted as a person, and a part-time worker who has physical disability, intellectual disability or mental disability and whose disability level is not severe shall be counted as 0.5 persons. From April 1st, 2006, persons with mental disabilities have been calculated in actual employment rate.

While Number of Unions are on the Decline, Various Systems are Used as a Resolution Method for Employee-Employer Confl icts

Employment in Tokyo—Persons with Disabilities Employment in Tokyo—Labour Management Relations

Source: TMG materials


Graphic2016-EN.indb 38-39 16/06/21 9:39

Documents

Change of Type of Employment, Tokyo’s Labour Force is Affected … · Note: Figures are as of end of October each year. Figures for Vietnam are from 2012. Figures for Nepal are