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Changes in household formation(Scotland)
Esther Roughsedge
Household Estimates & Projections BranchNational Records of Scotland (NRS)
Workshop on UK population change and housing across the life course
June 2015
Outline
• Sources– Household estimates and projections – Census, housing statistics, surveys
• Results– Trends in household formation– Trends in different age groups
• Older people• Young people
Household projections
• Produced every two years – most recent set 2012-based.
• Projections of the number of households 25 years into the future, by:– Council area
– Age of head of household
– Household type
• Projections are based on past trends. They are not forecasts – we don’t attempt to account for future economic or social changes.
• Lots of overlaps in the trends and methods used in different parts of the UK.
Household projections method
• Take population projections; • Subtract population living in communal
establishments, e.g., student halls, barracks, care homes;
• Project forward information on household type (‘headship rates’), e.g., single adult, two adults plus children– Use three censuses (1991, 2001 and 2011). – Scottish Household Survey data for 2012 - weights
Household estimates • Produced from Council Tax information• Neighbourhood level data on:
– Households / occupied dwellings.– Empty dwellings and second homes.– Some information on household type, e.g., single adult
discounts.– Type of dwelling (e.g., flat, detached house etc.).– Number of rooms.– Council Tax band of dwelling – giving a rough idea of value.
• Also allows analysis by level of deprivation and urban/rural areas.
% dwellings in Council Tax band A-C around St Andrews
Uses of household estimates and projections
• Assessing housing need and demand.• Allocating land to housing.• Planning services, including community
care, waste collection, water and sewerage services.
• Transport models.
Overall trends in household formation
Household numbers rising faster than population
-1%0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%
10%11%12%13%14%15%16%17%18%
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Per
cen
tag
e ch
ang
e si
nce
199
1
Year
By 2013 there were almost 18% more households than in 1991
In constrast, the population was just under 5 per cent higher
Source: NRS population and household estimates
More people living alone and in smaller households
Number of households, by size
Source: NRS household estimates
The fall in average household size is slowing
Household projections results
Source: NRS household projections (2012-based)
Increases in smaller households
Source: NRS household projections (2012-based)
More one-adult households in urban areas, and in more deprived areas
Source: NRS household estimates – households receiving a Council Tax discount as they only contain 1 adult (2013)
Older people
The population is ageing
300,000 200,000 100,000 0 100,000 200,000 300,000
0-4
10-14
20-24
30-34
40-44
50-54
60-64
70-74
80-84
90+
Age
(5
year
age
gro
ups)
Population
FemaleMale
1861
300,000 200,000 100,000 0 100,000 200,000 300,000
0-4
10-14
20-24
30-34
40-44
50-54
60-64
70-74
80-84
90+
Age
(5
year
age
gro
ups)
Population
FemaleMale
1961
Source: NRS population estimates and projections
Biggest growth is in older households
Source: NRS household projections (2012-based)
Households containing 1 or 2 older adults
Source: NRS household projections (2012-based)
Note: These charts just cover the three largest household types for these age groups
Older people - summary
• Women live longer than men→ Older women are more likely to live alone
• Men’s life expectancy is increasing faster→ More older couple households→ More men living alone
→ Implications for housing and social / health care
Young adults
Global economic downturn
• Fall in house-building• More difficult to get a mortgage• More economic uncertainty
→ This has affected household formation, with the biggest effect on young adults.
Long-term trends in house-building
Increase in young males living alone is smaller than previously projected; also applies to young females
Source: NRS household projections (2010- and 2012-based)
Increase in young males living alone is smaller than previously projected; also applies to young females
Source: NRS household projections (2010- and 2012-based)
Reduction in 3+ adult households headed by 45-64yr olds is lower than projected previously
Source: NRS household projections (2010- and 2012-based)
Reduction in 3+ adult households headed by 45-64yr olds is lower than projected previously
Source: NRS household projections (2010- and 2012-based)
Young adults
Source: Census
Young adults
More young adults are living with
parents, and fewer are living as a
couple
Source: Census
Tenure by age, 2001 & 2011
Source: Census
Tenure by age, 2001 & 2011
Source: Census
Summary• Household numbers are still increasing,
but by less than in the past.• Biggest changes are among young adults:
– Fewer living alone or in couples.– More living with parents.– More renting.
• Older people are most likely to live alone– Particularly older women– Large increases in numbers of older people
Contact details
• [email protected]• Tel 0131 3144251• www.nrscotland.gov.uk• Register for updates on ScotStat at
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/ scotstat
• The Scottish Government is recruiting for Statisticians – pass it on!
• www.work-for-scotland.org
