Changing Commercial Policy in Japan During 1985–2010

8/8/2019 Changing Commercial Policy in Japan During 19852010

1/26

D@BF Zarkfoj ^d~ir Sirfis

Cmdojfoj Cahhircfdl ^alfcv fo Gd~do@yrfoj 46=92>4>

Hdsdmfra Kdzdf do`

Smygfra Yrdpd

Oa/ 293Oauihbir 2>4>

Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok Fospfpypi


2/26

Pmi Zarkfoj ^d~ir sirfis fs d caopfoydpfao ae pmi earhirlv odhi` @fscyssfao ^d~ir sirfis;pmi oyhbirfoj ae pmi ~d~irs caopfoyi` zfpmayp fopirry~pfao ar cmdoji/ D@BFs zarkfoj

~d~irs rielicp fofpfdl fìds ao d pa~fc do` dri ~aspi` aolfoi ear `fscyssfao/ D@BF iocayrdjisridìrs pa ~asp pmifr cahhiops ao pmi hdfo ~dji ear idcm zarkfoj ~d~ir -jfuio fo pmicfpdpfao bilaz&/ Sahi zarkfoj ~d~irs hdv ìuila~ fopa apmir earhs ae ~yblfcdpfao/

Syjjispi` cfpdpfao7

Kdzdf/ H/, do` S/ Yrdpd/ 2>4>/ Cmdojfoj Cahhircfdl âlfcv fo Gd~do @yrfoj 46=92>4>/D@BF Zarkfoj d~ir 293/ Pakva7 Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok Fospfpypi/ Dudfldbli7mpp~7!!zzz/d`bf/arj!zarkfoj(~d~ir!2>4>!44!46!022>/cmdojfoj/cahhircfdl/~alfcv/gd~do!

^lidsi caopdcp pmi dypmar-s& ear foearhdpfao dbayp pmfs ~d~ir/

Hdsdmfra Kdzdf-i(hdfl&hkdzdfNd`bf/arj

Smygfra Yrdpd-i(hdfl&syrdpdNzdsi`d/g~

Hdsdmfra Kdzdf fs pmi @ido ae D@BF/ Smygfra Yrdpd fs ^raeissar ae Icaoahfcs, Jrd`ydpiScmaal ae Dsfd(^dcfefc Spy`fis, Zdsi`d Yofuirsfpv/Pmfs ~d~ir fs ~ri~dri` ear pmi A}ear`Mdo`baak ao Fopirodpfaodl Cahhircfdl âlfcv/ Pmi dypmars dri jrdpieyl pa HarìcmdfKrifofo do` Hfcmdil ^lyhhir ear pmifr cahhiops ao do idrlfir uirsfao ae pmi ~d~ir do`pa Bdrodr` Milhdo ear mfs cah~ipiop i`fparfdl dssfspdoci/

Pmi ufizs i}~rissi` fo pmfs ~d~ir dri pmi ufizs ae pmi dypmars do` à oap oicissdrflvrielicp pmi ufizs ar ~alfcfis ae D@BF, pmi Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok -D@B&, fps Badr` ae@fricpars, ar pmi jauirohiops pmiv ri~risiop/ D@BF àis oap jydrdopii pmi dccyrdcv aepmi `dpd foclyì` fo pmfs ~d~ir do` dcci~ps oa ris~aosfbflfpv ear dov caosityiocis aepmifr ysi/ Pirhfoalajv ysi` hdv oap oicissdrflv bi caosfspiop zfpm D@B aeefcfdl pirhs/

Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok FospfpypiKdsyhfjdsikf Byfl`foj =E3(2(9 Kdsyhfjdsikf, Cmfva`d(kyPakva 4>>(5>>=, Gd~do

Pil7 +=4(3(3963(99>>Ed}7 +=4(3(3963(99:4YRL7 zzz/d`bf/arjI(hdfl7 foeaNd`bf/arj

2>4> Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok Fospfpypi
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


3/26

D@BF Zarkfoj ^d~ir 293 Kdzdf do` Yrdpd

Dbsprdcp

Fo pmfs ~d~ir zi i}dhfoi pmi cmdojfoj odpyri ae Gd~dos cahhircfdl ~alfcv auir pmi ldsp 29vidrs zmfli riufizfoj Gd~dos cmdojfoj sprycpyri ae prdì, E@F do` icaoahv pmdp yoìrldv~alfcv cmdojis/ Zi drjyi pmdp yopfl pmi ldpi 466>s Gd~do dà~pi` d pza(prdck d~~radcm aerilvfoj ao hylpfldpirdl lfbirdlfwdpfao yoìr pmi JDPP!ZPA do` a~io rijfaodlfsh yoìr Dsfd(^dcfefc Icaoahfc Caa~irdpfao -DÎC& ao pmi aoi mdo` do` ao pmi bfldpirdl prdìrildpfaosmf~ zfpm pmi YS ao pmi apmir/ Dlpmayjm pmi Gd~do(YS bfldpirdlfsh sahipfhisrisylpi` fo hdodji` prdì do` iocayopiri` oijdpfui ~irci~pfaos ae pmi YS d~~radcm foGd~do, auirdll, fp md` d ~asfpfui fh~dcp ao pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv fo a~iofoj àhispfchdrkips pmrayjm udrfays riearhs do` ìrijyldpfao hidsyris/ Gd~dos hari riciopcahhircfdl ~alfcv eacysis ao bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl icaoahfc ~drpoirsmf~ djriihiops~drpfcyldrlv zfpmbyp oap lfhfpi` paIdsp Dsfdo icaoahfis/ Zi drjyi pmdp djrfcylpyrdlsicpar lfbirdlfwdpfao fs kiv pa pmi eyrpmir fopijrdpfao ae Gd~do zfpm pmi Dsfdo do` jlabdlicaoahfis/

GIL Cldssfefcdpfao7 E43, E40, E9>


4/26


Caopiops

4/ Fopra`ycpfao //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 42/ Gd~dos Cmdojfoj Prdì do` Icaoahfc Sprycpyri ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2

2/4 Prdì do` Fouisphiop I}~dosfao////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 22/2 Cmdojfoj Fo`ysprfdl Sprycpyri fo Gd~do ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9

3/ Gd~dos Cahhircfdl âlfcv fo pmi 46=>s do` 466>s ////////////////////////////////////////////////// :3/4 Gd~do(YS Prdì Erfcpfaos ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :3/2 Gd~do(Iyra~i Prdì Erfcpfaos /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 63/3 Pmi Rali ae pmi ZPA do` DÎC //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4>

0/ Gd~dos Cahhircfdl âlfcv fo pmi 2>>>s ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 430/4 Dà~pfao ae I^D Fofpfdpfuis ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 430/2 Gd~dos D~~radcm pa Rijfaodl Icaoahfc Fopijrdpfao ////////////////////////////////////// 450/3 Abspdclis pa Eyrpmir Lfbirdlfwdpfao ear Gd~do ////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4=

9/ Caoclysfao7 Pmi Zdv Earzdr` ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 46Rieiriocis ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 24


5/26


4

4/ FOPRA@YCPFAO

Gd~do fs pmi efrsp cayoprv fo ~asp(Zarl` Zdr FF -ZZ FF& Idsp Dsfd pmdp sfjofefcdoplv bioiefpièrah pmi a~io hylpfldpirdl prd`foj rijfhi do` dcmfiui` rd~f` fo`ysprfdlfwdpfao do` icaoahfcjrazpm pmrayjm prdì i}~dosfao/ Sfoci fps dccissfao pa pmi Jioirdl Djriihiop ao Pdrfeesdo` Prdì -JDPP& fo 4699, Gd~do bijdo pa lfbirdlfwi crass(barìr prdì risprfcpfaos pmrayjmri`ycpfaos ae tydopfpdpfui risprfcpfaos, pdrfees, do` apmir oao(pdrfee bdrrfirs hdfolv fohdoyedcpyri` jaa`s prdì/ Byp fps icaoahfc sycciss cridpi` d sirfis ae prdì erfcpfaos zfpmapmir fo`ysprfdlfwi` icaoahfis, ~drpfcyldrlv pmi Yofpi` Spdpis -YS&, bipziio pmi 465>s do`pmi 466>s `yi pa Gd~dos i}~lasfui i}~arp jrazpm do` ldrji prdì syr~lysis/

Spdrpfoj fo pmi 46=>s do` caopfoyfoj pmrayjm hasp ae pmi 466>s, Gd~dos prdì ~alfcv zdsciopiri` ao maz pa mdo`li pmi YS ìhdo`s pa cyrb Gd~dos i}~lasfui jrazpm fo i}~arps aehdoyedcpyri` ~ra`ycps, sycm ds calar piliufsfaos, fo`ysprfdl hdcmfoirv, dypahabflis doàpmir hdcmfoirv ~ra`ycps, do` pa a~io fps clasi` hdrkips pa YS fh~arps sycm dssihfcao`ycpars, dypahabflis, biie, djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps do` efodocfdl sirufcis/ Pmi YSaepio d~~lfi` ~rissyri ao Gd~do bv ysfoj pmi pmridp ae ~rapicpfaofsp hidsyris sycm ds

Sicpfao 3>4 ae pmi Prdì Dcp ae 46:0 -Sy~ir 3>4&, do` Gd~do md` pa ris~ao` pmrayjmualyopdrv i}~arp risprdfops do`!ar ualyopdrv fh~arp i}~dosfaos/4

Gd~dos icaoahfc sprycpyri bijdo pa cmdoji sfjofefcdoplv depir pmi smdr~, rd~f` viod~~ricfdpfao eallazfoj pmi ^ldwd Dccar` ae 46=9/

2

Sycm d eyo`dhiopdl cmdoji fo Gd~dos prdì do` dssacfdpi` icaoahfc sprycpyris, pajipmirzfpm pmi ispdblfsmhiop ae pmi Zarl` Prdì Arjdofwdpfao -ZPA& fo 4669, sfjofefcdoplv ri`yci`prdì erfcpfaos zfpm pmi YS/ Gd~dos prdì syr~lys, bapm auirdll do` zfpm pmi YS, ~irsfspi` byppmi YS prdì ìefcfp bijdo pa bdllaao pa mfjm liuils, hdkfoj Gd~do oa laojir pmi haspfh~arpdop syr~lys cayoprv ear pmi YS/ Pmi ZPAs iomdoci` `fs~ypi sipplihiop hicmdofshdllazi` Gd~do pa brfoj pmi bfldpirdl prdì fssyis zfpm pmi YS pa pmi `fs~ypi sipplihiop ~doil/Gd~dos cahhircfdl ~alfcv bijdo pa ~dv focridsfoj dppiopfao pa earjfoj fospfpypfaodl pfis zfpmIdsp Dsfdo icaoahfis, zmfcm bicdhi pmi hasp fh~arpdop prdì ~drpoir ear Gd~do/

Gd~doisi efrhs, pmrayjm earifjo `fricpfouisphiop -E@F&, bijdo pa lacdpi pmifr ~ra`ycpfao sfpis pa hari casp ieeicpfui Dsfdoihirjfoj icaoahfis, fofpfdllv fo pmi oizlv fo`ysprfdlfwi` icaoahfis -OFIs&f/i/, Maoj Kaoj,Cmfod; Ri~yblfc ae Karid -miridepir Karid&; Sfojd~ari; do` Pdf~if,Cmfodpmio pa hf``li(focahi Dssacfdpfao ae Saypmidsp Dsfdo Odpfaos -DSIDO& cayoprfis do`, hari ricioplv, papmi îa~lis Ri~yblfc ae Cmfod -^RC&/ Pmfs caoprfbypi` pa pmi earhdpfao ae ~ra`ycpfaooipzarks do` sy~~lv cmdfos pmrayjmayp Idsp Dsfd/ Gd~do bijdo pa prdì hari zfpm pmisiIdsp Dsfdo icaoahfis pmdo zfpm pmi YS, bv ysfoj pmisi icaoahfis ds d ~ra`ycpfao ~ldpearh

pa hdoyedcpyri jaa`s ear Gd~dos do` apmir dùdoci` cayoprfis hdrkips/

Dp pmi pyro ae pmi ciopyrv, Gd~do spdrpi` pa smfep pmi eacys ae cahhircfdl ~alfcv pazdr`s~yrsyfoj prdì do` fouisphiop lfbirdlfwdpfao do` ìi~iofoj icaoahfc rildpfaosmf~s zfpm fps

prdì ~drpoirs, ~drpfcyldrlv fps Idsp Dsfdo oifjmbars, pmrayjm icaoahfc ~drpoirsmf~djriihiops -I^Ds&, zmfcm dri hari cah~rimiosfui pmdo erii prdì djriihiops -EPDs&/Pmi Gd~do(Sfojd~ari Icaoahfc ^drpoirsmf~ Djriihiop fo 2>>2 zds pmi efrsp I^D iuirfh~lihiopi` bv Gd~do/ Pmi Zmfpi ^d~ir ao Fopirodpfaodl Prdì2>>3~yblfsmi` bv Gd~dosHfofsprv ae Fopirodpfaodl Prdì do` Fo`ysprv -~risioplv Hfofsprv ae Icaoahv, Prdì, do`Fo`ysprv& drjyi` pmi oii` ear ~yrsyfoj d hylpf(prdck d~~radcm pa prdì ~alfcv, ciopiri` ao

4Ualyopdrv i}~arp risprdfops -UIRs& do` ualyopdrv fh~arp i}~dosfaos -UFIs& dri earhs ae hdodji` prdì/ UIRs

pv~fcdllv ispdblfsm d tydopfpdpfui lfhfp ao d cayoprvs i}~arps pa fps prd`foj ~drpoir-s& do`, pmys, fh~lfcfplv sip y~ dtydopfpdpfui lfhfp ao pmi fh~arps erah d prd`foj ~drpoir/ UFIs aepio ispdblfsm d hfofhyh pdrjip ear pmi smdri ae dcayoprvs hdrkip pa bi sy~~lfi` bv fh~arps ar earifjo ~ra`ycirs/ Pvsao -4663& cldfhi` pmdp UIRs risprfcp prdìdo` cah~ipfpfao, zmfli UFIs cdo ~rahapi prdì do` cah~ipfpfao fo icaoahfis zmiri ~alfcfis ar sprycpyrdl edcpars

lfhfp dcciss ear earifjo sy~~lfirs/2Pmi vio md` spdrpi` pa d~~ricfdpi fo pmi s~rfoj ae 46=9, byp fp zds depir Si~pihbir pmdp pmi vio bijdo pa

d~~ricfdpi sfjofefcdoplv `yi pa ~alfcv sy~~arp/


6/26


2

pmi ZPA do` bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl I^Ds/ Ds fp ricajofwi` pmi ysieyl rali ae I^Ds ds doa~pfao ear dcmfiufoj prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao, pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop i}~icpi` I^Ds pa ~ldv d~asfpfui rali ear ~rahapfoj Gd~dos icaoahfc jrazpmpmrayjm ~rauf`foj bysfoissa~~arpyofpfis ear Gd~doisi efrhs fo I^D ~drpoir cayoprfis, spriojpmiofoj icaoahfc pfis do`caa~irdpfao zfpm I^D ~drpoirs, do` edcflfpdpfoj àhispfc ~alfcv riearhs sycm ds djrfcylpyrdldo` ldbar hdrkip riearhs fo Gd~do/

Pmfs cmd~pir i}dhfois pmi cmdojfoj odpyri ae Gd~dos cahhircfdl ~alfcv auir pmi ldsp 29vidrs/ Sicpfao FF riufizs Gd~dos cmdojfoj sprycpyri ae prdì, E@F do` icaoahv pmdpyoìrldv ~alfcv cmdojis/ Sicpfao FFF eacysis ao Gd~dos cahhircfdl ~alfcv bipziio 46=9do` 4666 zmio ~alfcvhdkirs dà~pi` d pza(prdck d~~radcm ae rilvfoj ao hylpfldpirdllfbirdlfwdpfao yoìr pmi JDPP!ZPA do` a~io rijfaodlfsh yoìr Dsfd(^dcfefc IcaoahfcCaa~irdpfao -DÎC& ao pmi aoi mdo` do` ao pmi bfldpirdl prdì rildpfaosmf~ zfpm pmi YS aopmi apmir/ Sicpfao FU i}dhfois Gd~dos hari riciop cahhircfdl ~alfcv sfoci pmi pyro ae pmiciopyrv ds pmi cayoprv focridsfojlv bijdo pa rilv ao bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl I^Ds~drpfcyldrlv zfpmbyp oap lfhfpi` paIdsp Dsfdo icaoahfis/ Zi drjyi pmdp djrfcylpyrdlsicpar lfbirdlfwdpfao fs kiv pa pmi eyrpmir fopijrdpfao ae Gd~do zfpm pmi Dsfdo do` jlabdlicaoahfis/ Sicpfao U caoclyìs pmi ~d~ir/2/ GD^DOS CMDOJFOJ PRD@I DO@ ICAOAHFC

SPRYCPYRI

Fp fs zill koazo pmdp Gd~dos ~asp(ZZ FF icaoahfc ricaosprycpfao do` fo`ysprfdlfwdpfao zdsdfì` bv pmi lfbirdl fopirodpfaodl prd`foj rijfhi/ Zfpm fps dccissfao pa JDPP fo 4699, Gd~dobijdo pa lfbirdlfwi fopirodpfaodl prdì bv ri`ycfoj tydopfpdpfui risprfcpfaos, pdrfees do` apmiroao(pdrfee bdrrfirs ao hdoyedcpyri` fh~arps/ Fo 4650, Gd~do bicdhi do FopirodpfaodlHaoipdrv Eyo` -FHE& Drpfcli UFFF hihbir do` ilfhfodpi` i}cmdoji caoprals ao cyrriopdccayop prdosdcpfaos/ Fo pmi sdhi vidr, fp gafoi` pmi Arjdofsdpfao ear Icaoahfc Ca(a~irdpfao

do` @iuila~hiop -AIC@& do` bijdo pa lfbirdlfwi pmi ~alfcfis do` rylis ao fopirodpfaodlcd~fpdl elazs, ~drpfcyldrlv ear E@F/ Gd~dos prdì spdrpi` pa i}~do` fo pmi 465>s do` fpsaypzdr` E@F bicdhi dcpfui fo pmi 46:>s/

Auir pfhi, pmi sprycpyri ae Gd~dos i}~arps smfepi` sityiopfdllv erah ldbar(fopiosfui ~ra`ycpssycm ds clapmfoj do` pi}pflis, pa cd~fpdl(fopiosfui ~ra`ycps sycm ds ilicprfcdl d~~lfdocis, fraodo` spiil, do` dypahabflis, do` pmio pa picmoalajv(fopiosfui ~ra`ycps sycm ds hdcmfoipaals do` sihfcao`ycpars/ Pmi smfep fo pmi sprycpyri ae i}~arps rielicpi` pmi cmdojfoj~dppiros ae Gd~dos cah~drdpfui dùdopdjis/ Byp fp zds fo pmi hf`(46=>s zmio Gd~dosprdì do` E@F sprycpyris yoìrziop d sfjofefcdop prdosearhdpfao/

2/4 Prdì do` Fouisphiop I}~dosfao

Yopfl pmi hf`(46=>s, Gd~dos hdgar prd`foj ~drpoirs ziri pmi YS, Iyra~i, Idsp Dsfd do` afl~ra`ycfoj cayoprfis/ Dlpmayjm pmi smdri ae prdì zfpm Idsp Dsfd zds cah~drdbli pa pmi smdriae prdì zfpm pmi YS fo 46=>, pmi YS zds d ~rfhi, i}~do`foj hdrkip ear Gd~dos ~ra`ycirs/Pmi smdri ae i}~arps pa pmi YS rasi fo pmi 46=>s, eyilfoj Gd~dos prdì erfcpfaos zfpm pmi YS,ds zfll bi `fscyssi` fo pmi oi}p sybsicpfao/ Pmi fh~arpdoci ae Idsp Dsfd ds d prd`foj ~drpoirear Gd~do bijdo pa rfsi fo pmi sicao` mdle ae pmi 46=>s -sii Efjyri 4&/


7/26


3

Efjyri 47 Pmi Smdris ae Prdì zfpm Gd~dos Hdgar Prd`foj ^drpoirs erah 46=>2>>6

4D/ Gd~dos I}~arps

>)

2>)

0>)

5>)

=>)

4>>)

46=> 46=9 466> 4669 2>>> 2>>9

YS IY(2: Idsp Dsfd Afl I}~arpfoj Cayoprfis Risp ae pmi Zarl`

4B/ Gd~dos Fh~arps

>)

2>)

0>)

5>)

=>)

4>>)

46=> 46=9 466> 4669 2>>> 2>>9

YS IY(2: Idsp Dsfd Afl I}~arpfoj Cayoprfis Risp ae pmi Zarl

Sayrci7 FHE, @fricpfao ae Prdì Spdpfspfcs, C@(RAH/

Pmi sybspdopfdl rfsi fo pmi vios udlyi eallazfoj pmi ^ldwd Djriihiop ae 46=9 -sii Efjyri 2&~raufì` d spraoj fh~ipys ear pmi cmdoji fo ~dppiros ae Gd~dos prdì do` E@F/ Edcfoj pmirfsfoj casp ae àhispfc ~ra`ycpfao, Gd~doisi hdoyedcpyrfoj efrhs ìcfì` pa haui pa caspieeicpfui ihirjfoj Idsp Dsfd, fo arìr pa ca~i zfpm pmi ìclfofoj fopirodpfaodl ~rfcicah~ipfpfuioiss ae pmi ~ra`ycps hdoyedcpyri` àhispfcdllv/ 3

3Ds ~drp ae pmi ~alfcv ae ricvclfoj Gd~dos cyrriop dccayop syr~lys, Gd~doisi efrhs ziri jioirdllv iocayrdji` pafouisp dbrad`, byp zfpmayp i}~lfcfp ~alfcv sy~~arp sycm ds sybsf`fis do`!ar eduardbli pd} pridphiops/

Fo pmi 46=>s, siuirdlihirjfoj Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfisspdrpfoj zfpm pmi OFIs do` hf``li(focahi DSIDOcayoprfis sycm ds Hdldvsfd, Pmdfldo`, Foàoisfd do` pmi ^mflf~~foisdà~pi` aypzdr`(arfiopi` ~alfcfis ae lfbirdlfwfoj prdì do` E@F rijfhis do` ìrijyldpfoj àhispfc icaoahfcdcpfufpfis/ Sycm ~alfcv cmdojis ziri ìsfjoi` pa dlpir pmi fociopfuis fo pmi icaoahv erahfh~arp sybspfpypfao pa i}~arp ~rahapfao do` rdfsi pmi dpprdcpfuioiss ae pmisi icaoahfis pa


8/26


0

earifjo fouispars, pmiribv ~rahapfoj icaoahfc jrazpm/ D cahbfodpfao ae mfjmir casps ae~ra`ycpfao fo Gd~do `yi pa pmi smdr~ vio d~~ricfdpfao do` aypzdr`(arfiopi` icaoahfcriearhs fo ihirjfoj Dsfd hapfudpi` Gd~doisi efrhs pa fouisp fo pmisi icaoahfis/

Efjyri 27 Dlpirodpfui Hidsyris ae pmi Ridl Ieeicpfui I}cmdoji Rdpi ae pmi Vio

-46=>84>>&

=>

6>

4>>

44>

42>

43>

40>

49>

45>

4:>

4=>

46=> 46=9 466> 4669 2>>> 2>>9 2>4>

FHE Foì} BFS Foì} BAG Foì}

Oapis7 -4& Pmi FHE foì} fs bdsi` ao yofp ldbar casps, pmi BFS foì} ao caosyhir ~rfci foì}is, do` pmi BAG foì}ao ~ra`ycir ~rfci foì}is/

-2& D rfsi fo pmi foì} hidos d~~ricfdpfao ae pmi vio, do` ufci uirsd/

Sayrci7 FHE, Fopirodpfaodl Efodocfdl Spdpfspfcs, C@(RAH; Bdok ear Fopirodpfaodl Sipplihiops -BFS& do` Bdok ae Gd~do-BAG& zibsfpis/

Fo pmi sicao` mdle ae pmi 46=>s do` pmrayjmayp pmi 466>s, Gd~doisi hdoyedcpyrfoj E@Fi}~doì` fo ihirjfoj Idsp Dsfd, fofpfdllv pa pmi OFIs, pmio hf``li(focahi DSIDO cayoprfis,do` hari ricioplv ^RC/ Gd~doisi hylpfodpfaodl car~ardpfaos -HOCs& bijdo pa earh sy~~lvcmdfos do` ~ra`ycpfao oipzarks fo Idsp Dsfd, fo fo`ysprfis sycm ds ilicpraofcs, dypahabflis,do` apmir hdcmfoirv ~ra`ycps/ Issiopfdllv pmiv erdjhiopi` pmi iopfri ~ra`ycpfao ~racissfopa siuirdl syb~racissis, lacdpi` pmisi syb~racissis pmrayjmayp Idsp Dsfd bv pdkfoj fopadccayop idcm icaoahvs cah~drdpfui dùdopdjiri~risiopi` bv fps edcpar ~ra~arpfaos do`picmoalajfcdl cd~dbflfpfisdo` lfoki` pmisi syb~racissis pmrayjm prdì dcrass Idsp Dsfdds fe idcm icaoahv ziri d edcparv/0

Fofpfdllv li` bv pmi Gd~doisi HOCs do` ldpir gafoi` bv YS do` Iyra~ido HOCs do`, hariricioplv, bv ihirjfoj Dsfdo efrhs, Idsp Dsfd mds biio prdosearhi` fopa d ldrji

Fo pmfs zdv, Gd~doisi HOCs ìuila~i` uirpfcdl, fopir(

syb~raciss `fufsfao ae ldbar do` foprd(fo`ysprv prdì fo Idsp Dsfd, bipziio pmifr mahicayoprv ~driops do` earifjo deeflfdpis, ar bipziio pmi earifjo deeflfdpis/ Sycm dcpfufpfis zirisy~~arpi` bv7 fo`ysprfdl foerdsprycpyri ìuila~hiop sycm ds ~azir, pilicahhyofcdpfaos, do`prdos~arp; d rd~f` ri`ycpfao ae foearhdpfao do` cahhyofcdpfaos casps `yi pa pmi riciopfoearhdpfao do` cahhyofcdpfao picmoalajv -FCP& riualypfao; do` d ri`ycpfao ae pmi lajfspfcscasp `yi pa jridpir lfbirdlfwdpfao ae bysfoiss sirufcis pmdp iodbli` `feeiriop ~ra`ycpfaosyb~racissis pa bi lfoki` hari idsflv/ Foprd(efrh prdì bijdo pa dccayop ear d sybspdopfdlsmdri ae prdì ear pmisi HOCs, ~drpfcyldrlv pmifr Dsfdo deeflfdpis fo pmifr papdl prdì zfpmGd~do/

0Sii, ear i}dh~li, Kdzdf do` Yrdpd -4665, 466=&, Dpmykardld -2>>9&, Kfhyrd do` Doà -2>>9&, do` D@B -2>>=&/


9/26


9

hdoyedcpyrfoj bdsi pmdp siruis pmi jlabdl hdrkip/ Pmfs edcparv Dsfd mds siio d ~irsfspioprfsi ae foprd(rijfaodl prdì fo fo`ysprfdl hdpirfdls, ~drps do` cah~aoiops, do` cd~fpdl jaa`sear pmi ~ra`ycpfao ae efofsmi` hdoyedcpyrfoj jaa`s/ Edcparv Dsfd mds biio byflp ao pmi spraojoi}ys bipziio prdì do` fouisphiop/ Ear i}dh~li, Kdzdf do` Yrdpd -466=& ~risiopi` sahiiufìoci pmdp Gd~dos prdì do` E@F ziri ldrjilv cah~lihiopdrv, pmdp fs, E@F cridpi` prdìdo` prdì fo`yci` eyrpmir E@F/

Pmi Dsfdo efodocfdl crfsfs ae 466:(466= md` d sfjofefcdop icaoahfc do` efodocfdl fh~dcp aohdov Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis, byp md` aolv d pih~ardrv oijdpfui fh~dcp ao pmi rijfaos prdìdo` E@F/ Fo edcp, pmi ricauirv ae pmi Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis erah pmi crfsfs zds sy~~arpi` bvd hypydllv rifoearcfoj ~raciss ae foprd(rijfaodl prdì i}~dosfao ds pmi jlabdl icaoahvbijdo pa jraz fo 4666 do` cridpi` ìhdo` ear Idsp Dsfdo i}~arps/ Pmi ~asp(Dsfdo efodocfdlcrfsfs ~irfa` sdz d rd~f` rfsi ae pmi rali ae ^RC fo edcparv Dsfd/ ^RC ihirji` ds aoi ae pmihasp dcpfui dssihblirs ae Dsfdo hdoyedcpyrfoj ~ra`ycps, fh~arpfoj picmoalajv(fopiosfui~drps do` cah~aoiops erah sycm oifjmbarfoj icaoahfis ds Gd~do; Karid; do`Pdf~if,Cmfod/ ^RCs prdì bijdo pa i}~do` rd~f`lv do` bicdhi pmi hasp fh~arpdop prd`foj~drpoir ear hdov Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis, focly`foj Gd~do/

Pmi jlabdl icaoahv, prdì, do` fouisphiop jriz brfsklv `yrfoj pmi ~irfa` 2>>2(2>>: yopflpmi jlabdl efodocfdl crfsfs iry~pi` fo 2>>=/ Pmi crfsfs md` sfjofefcdop caoprdcpfaodrv ieeicps aofopirodpfaodl prdì do` fouisphiop jlabdllv; fopirodpfaodl prdì smrdok bv 23) fo 2>>6 erah2>>=/ Gd~dos i}~arps do` ayp~yp ziri siuirilv deeicpi` bv pmi crfsfs/ Fps i}~arps calld~si`fo ldpi 2>>= do` idrlv 2>>6, do` ridl jrass àhispfc ~ra`ycp -J@^& eill smdr~lv/

Gd~dos i}~arps ìclfoi` sfjofefcdoplv ear pza ridsaos -Kdzdf do` Pdkdjf 2>>6&/ Efrsp,Gd~dos i}~arps ae caosyhir `yrdblis pa pmi YS do` Iyra~i calld~si` bicdysi ae pmi smdr~ìhdo` caoprdcpfao pmiri/ Sicao`, fps i}~arps ae fo`ysprfdl sy~~lfis do` cd~fpdl jaa`s paihirjfoj Dsfd dlsa calld~si` bicdysi ihirjfoj Dsfd sdz d ìclfoi fo i}~arps aehdoyedcpyri` ~ra`ycps pa pmi YS do` Iyra~i do`, pmys, ri`yci` pmifr fh~arp ae fo`ysprfdlsy~~lfis do` cd~fpdl jaa`s zmfcm ziri oicissdrv pa ~ra`yci pmifr i}~arps/ Bv pmi sicao`mdle ae pmi 2>>>s, auir 6>) ae Gd~doisi i}~arps caosfspi` ae mfjmlv focahi(ildspfc fo`ysprfdlsy~~lfis, cd~fpdl jaa`s, do` caosyhir `yrdblis/ Mioci aoci pmi YS do` Iyra~idoicaoahfis calld~si` rd~f`lv, pmfs i}irpi` d siuiri oijdpfui foelyioci ao Gd~doisi i}~arps`fricplv do` fo`fricplv pmrayjm ihirjfoj Idsp Dsfd/ 9

2/2 Cmdojfoj Fo`ysprfdl Sprycpyri fo Gd~do

Pmi fo`ysprfdl sprycpyri ae Gd~do mds yoìrjaoi sfjofefcdop prdosearhdpfaos auir pfhi fo pmi~asp(ZZ FF ~irfa`/ Fo ~drpfcyldr, pmi cah~asfpfao ae pmi hdoyedcpyrfoj sicpar mds cmdoji`/Fo pmi 469>s do` 465>s, mfjm liuils ae fouisphiop fo ~ldop do` ityf~hiop do` fh~arps aedùdoci` picmoalajfis mil~i` ispdblfsm miduv fo`ysprfis, sycm ds frao do` spiil,smf~byfl`foj, hdcmfoirv do` cmihfcdls/ Pmi afl ~rfci smack ae 46:3 earci` pmi Gd~doisi

fo`ysprfis pa dà~p ioirjv ieefcfiop picmoalajfis do` ìuila~ mfjmir udlyi d`ì` ~ra`ycps,sycm ds dypahabflis, ilicpraofcs, ilicprfc hdcmfoirv, cahhyofcdpfao ityf~hiop do`d~~drdpys, do` hdcmfoirv zfpm ilicpraofc caoprals/ Pmi fo`ysprfdl sprycpyri mds cmdoji`sfoci 46=9 zmio pmi ridl ieeicpfui i}cmdoji rdpi ae pmi vio bijdo pa d~~ricfdpi sfjofefcdoplv-sii djdfo Efjyri 2&/ Pmi vios ridl ieeicpfui d~~ricfdpfao caopfoyi` ear pio vidrs ds d prio`;fp ~idki` fo 4669 zmio pmi liuil zds sahi =>) mfjmir pmdo fo 46=>, do` pmio bijdo paìclfoi ds d prio` yopfl 2>>:, i}ci~p ear pmi brfie 4666(2>>4 ~irfa` zmio pmi udlyi rasipih~ardrflv/

Erah d pmiaripfcdl ~irs~icpfui, d mfjm ridl udlyi ae pmi vio rdfsis pmi ~rfci ae oaoprd`dblijaa`s rildpfui pa pmi ~rfci ae prd`dbli jaa`s do`, pmys, iocayrdjis pmi ~ra`ycpfao ae

9

Dsfds ~ra`ycpfao oipzarks cridpi` d sfjofefcdop dhayop ae foprdrijfaodl prdì fo ~drps do` cah~aoiops do`,pmys, foualui` àybli cayopfoj fo pmi prdì `dpd fo pirhs ae udlyi d`ì`/ Pmfs hdv mdui i}djjirdpi` pmi ualyhiae prdì ~rfar pa pmi jlabdl efodocfdl crfsfs do` pmi `ra~ ae prdì `yrfoj pmi crfsfs/


10/26


11/26


:

pmi J@^ smdri ae i}~arps focridsi, byp dlsa Gd~dos auirdll a~iooiss rasi pmrayjmayp pmi2>>>s yopfl pmi cayoprv zds mfp bv pmi jlabdl efodocfdl crfsfs/ Ear fospdoci, Gd~dos i}~arps paJ@^ rdpfa, zmfcm zds aolv 44) fo 2>>>, rasi pa auir 4:) fo 2>>=/ Auir pmi sdhi ~irfa`,prdì a~iooiss, hidsyri` bv pmi syh ae i}~arps do` fh~arps ds d ~irciopdji ae J@^,focridsi` erah dbayp 2>) ae J@^ pa dlhasp 39)/

3/ GD^DOS CAHHIRCFDL ÂLFCV FO PMI 46=>S DO@466>S

3/4 Gd~do(YS Prdì Erfcpfaos

Gd~do i}~irfioci` udrfays pv~is ae prdì erfcpfaos zfpm dùdoci` icaoahfis, ~drpfcyldrlv pmiYS, `yi pa fps i}~lasfui i}~arp jrazpm/ Prdì erfcpfaos bipziio Gd~do do` pmi YS ja bdck papmi 469>s do` s~rid` erah Gd~doisi i}~arps ae clapmfoj do` pi}pflis, ilicprfcdl d~~lfdocis,do` frao do` spiil, pa pmi i}~arps do` fh~arps ae dypahabflis do` mfjm(picmoalajv~ra`ycpssycm ds hdcmfoi paals do` sihfcao`ycparsdo` pmi fh~arps ae djrfcylpyrdl

~ra`ycps fo pmi 46=>s/:

Bfldpirdl prdì erfcpfaos

Edcfoj d syrji ae fh~arps ae cirpdfo ~ra`ycps erah Gd~do, pmi YSjauirohiop accdsfaodllv rityispi` pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop pa ualyopdrflv risprdfo i}~arpsae pmisi ~ra`ycps/ Pi}pflis do` spiil ziri ~rfhdrv i}dh~lis/ Sahi Gd~doisi fo`ysprfis pmdpiocayopiri` prdì pmridps fo pmi YS, sycm ds pmi pi}pfli, calar piliufsfao, do` frao do` spiilfo`ysprfis, ziri ~irsydì` pa dà~p ualyopdrv i}~arp risprdfops/ Apmir efrhs spdrpi` pafouisp fo dssihblv ar ~ra`ycpfao ~ldops fo pmi YS, ear i}dh~li, fo pmi ilicprfcdl d~~lfdocido` dypahapfui fo`ysprfis, pa duaf` ~rapicpfaofsp prdì hidsyris/ Sahi Gd~doisi efrhssmfepi` pmifr ~ra`ycpfao ~ldops pa Idsp Dsfd pa duaf` `fscrfhfodparv prdì hidsyris fh~asi`bv pmi YS dypmarfpfis ao Gd~doisi ~ra`ycps/

Fo pmi idrlv 46=>s zmio pmi Ridjdo d`hfofsprdpfao dà~pi` d hf} ae pfjmp haoipdrv ~alfcvdo` ld} efscdl ~alfcv, YS fh~arps syrji` do` Gd~dos i}~arps pa pmi YS i}~doì`, rielicpfojpmi rfsfoj ìhdo` fo pmi YS do` pmi ridl d~~ricfdpfao ae pmi YS àlldr/ Ds d risylp, oap aolv`f` bapm Gd~dos prdì syr~lysis do` pmi YS prdì ìefcfps rfsi -sii Efjyri 0& byp dlsa pmiGd~do(YS bfldpirdl prdì fhbdldoci i}~doì`, zmfcm li` pa d oiz spdji ae Gd~do(YS prdìerfcpfaos eacysfoj ao icaoahv(zfì sprycpyrdl fssyis, jafoj bivao` sicpardl prdì erfcpfaos/

Efjyri 07 Prdì Fhbdldocis ae Gd~do do` pmi YS, 46:>(2>>6 -Bfllfao YS$&

(6>>

(=>>

(:>>

(5>>

(9>>

(0>>

(3>>

(2>>

(4>>

>

4>>

2>>

46:> 46:9 46=> 46=9 466> 4669 2>>> 2>>9

Gd~do YS

Sayrci7 FHE, Fopirodpfaodl Efodocfdl Spdpfspfcs, C@ RAH/

:Sii Kahfvd do` Fpam -46==& ear d riufiz ae Gd~dos cahhircfdl ~alfcv `yrfoj 4699 do` 46=0/


12/26


=

Pmi YS jauirohiop paak pmi ufiz pmdp Gd~dos `fsparpi` hdrkip sprycpyri, clasi` pa earifjo~ra`ycps do` cao`ycfui pa cridpfoj prdì syr~lysis,=

Fo caoprdsp, pmi Gd~doisi sfì paak pmi ufiz pmdp pmi ldrji prdì fhbdldoci rielicpi` pmildrji sdufojs do` fouisphiop fhbdldocis fo pmi YS do` Gd~do -Kahfvd do` Fpam 46==&/Yoliss pmisi àhispfc fhbdldocis ziri carricpi`, pmi prdì fhbdldoci zayl` ~irsfsp/ Pari`yci pmi prdì ìefcfp, pmi YS zds dùfsi` pa ri`yci pmi by`jip ìefcfp do` focridsimaysimal` sdufojs/ Pa ri`yci pmi prdì syr~lys, Gd~do zayl` spfhyldpi àhispfc ìhdo`pmrayjm sprycpyrdl riearhs do` ìrijyldpfao ae udrfays risprfcpfaos/ Pmi Hdikdzd Ri~arp-Icaoahfc Sprycpyrdl D`gysphiop ear Fopirodpfaodl Caar`fodpfao& ~ra`yci` fo 46=5 yrji` pmi

Gd~doisi jauirohiop pa fh~lihiop sycm d ~alfcv/

zds pmi eyo`dhiopdl cdysi ae bapmGd~dos prdì syr~lys do` pmi YS ìefcfps/ Pmi Gd~doisi hdrkip zds clasi` bicdysi ae mfjmfh~arp bdrrfirs pa earifjo ~ra`ycps `yi oap aolv pa barìr risprfcpfaossycm ds pdrfees do`tydopfpdpfui risprfcpfaosbyp dlsa `yi pa bimfo`(pmi(barìr rijyldpfaos do` hdrkip~rdcpfcis/ Sa pmi YS jauirohiop drjyi` pmdp fe pmi Gd~doisi hdrkip md` biio a~ioi` bvri`ycfoj sycm fh~arp bdrrfirs, YS i}~arps pa Gd~do zayl` mdui rfsio do` pmi YS(Gd~dobfldpirdl prdì fhbdldoci do` pmi auirdll YS ìefcfp zayl` mdui ìclfoi`/ Pmirieari, Gd~dosmayl` a~io y~ fps icaoahv pa earifjo cah~ipfpfao bv ilfhfodpfoj fh~arp yoerfio`lvrisprfcpfaos do` ~rdcpfcis/

Fo pmi Sprycpyrdl Fh~i`fhiops Fofpfdpfui -46=6(466>&, pmi YS d``rissi` stydrilv pmi oii`pa ìrijyldpi Gd~dos clasi` hdrkips ear dypahabflis, calar eflh, ripdfl `fsprfbypfao sirufcisdo` fosyrdoci sirufcis do` ìhdoì` pmdp pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop `fshdopli yo`yirisprfcpfaos do` cidsi fopiruiopfaos pmdp zayl` lfhfp fh~arps erah dbrad`/ Pmi YS sfì~afopi` ayp pmdp i}clysfui prdosdcpfaos ~rdcpfcis dhaoj Gd~doisi efrhs, pmi Ldrji(scdliRipdfl Spari Ldz, do` apmir hidsyris risprfcpi` fh~arps ae earifjo ~ra`ycps/ I}clysfuiprdosdcpfaos ~rdcpfcis, bdsi` ao pmi kifripsy svspih, ziri caosfìri` pa ~yp earifjocah~ipfpars dp d `fsdùdopdji bicdysi pmiv ziri aypsfìrs ae pmi jray~/6

Cdsi ae sihfcao`ycpar `fs~ypis

Pmi Ldrji(scdliRipdfl Spari Ldz, zmfcm lfhfpi` pmi a~irdpfaos ae ldrji(scdli sparis, zds caosfìri` pa fomfbfppmi fh~arp ae jaa`s pa Gd~do pmrayjm Dhirfcdo spvli ldrji(scdli ripdfl sparis/ Pmi YS

drjyi` pmdp sycm yogysp ~yblfc fopiruiopfaos smayl` bi lfepi` sa ds oap pa fh~iì fh~arps aeearifjo ~ra`ycps/

Pmi cdsi ae sihfcao`ycpar `fs~ypis zds do fopirispfoj aoi ds fp risylpi` fo ualyopdrv fh~arpi}~dosfao ao pmi ~drp ae Gd~doisi efrhs/ Gd~doisi sihfcao`ycpar ~ra`ycirs md` biioi}~do`foj pmifr hdrkip smdri ear sihfcao`ycpars jlabdllv, focly`foj fo pmi YS do` Gd~do/Pmi Sihfcao`ycpar Fo`ysprv Dssacfdpfao ae pmi Yofpi` Spdpis drjyi` pmdp YS ~ra`ycirsziri `fsdùdopdji` bicdysi ae -f& pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiops ~yblfc sy~~arp ear Gd~doisiefrhs do` -ff& pmi i}clysfui kifripsyrildpfaosmf~s dhaoj Gd~doisi efrhs fo Gd~do, ìs~fpipmi edcp pmdp Gd~doisi efrhs cayl` eriilv cah~ipi djdfosp YS efrhs fo pmi YS hdrkip/4>

= Ldzrioci -46=:& dppih~pi` pa ìhaosprdpi pmdp pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv zds `feeiriop do` rildpfuilv clasi` focah~drfsao pa apmir dùdoci` icaoahfis bv ysfoj d jrdufpv haìl/ Maziuir, Sd}aomaysi -4663& smazi` pmdpGd~dos hdrkip zds oap oicissdrflv clasi` aoci fps edcpar ioàzhiops do` risayrci dudfldbflfpfis ziri pdkiofopa dccayop/

Pmi

6Bdsi` ao syruivs ao pmi ~yrcmdsfoj bimdufar ae Gd~doisi, YS do` Iyra~ido sybsf`fdrfis fo Dysprdlfd, Krifofo

-46==& eayo` pmdp Gd~doisi efrhs dbrad` md` do yoysydllv spraoj ~rieirioci pa byv erah Gd~doisi rdpmir pmdoapmir earifjo sy~~lfirs/ S~icfefcdllv, dccar`foj pa mfs risylps, Gd~doisi sybsf`fdrfis ziri hari pfjmplv caopralli`bv pmi ris~icpfui ~driop cah~dov, ~racyri` hari ae pmifr ityf~hiop erah pmi mahi cayoprv, do` azoi` doà~irdpi` hari hdcmfoirv ~ra`yci` fo pmi mahi cayoprv pmdo pmifr YS do` Iyra~ido cayopir~drps/ Mi caoclyì`pmdp Gd~dos fo`ysprfdl sprycpyri do` byvirs ~rieiriocis ~ldvi` do fh~arpdop rali/ Ysfoj icaoahiprfc haìls,Ldzrioci -4664& ìhaosprdpi` pmdp kifripsy lfoks ziri bdrrfirs pa earifjo sdlis fo Gd~doisi hdrkips/ Pmdp fs, mismazi` pmdp pmi ldrjir pmi smdri ae fo`ysprfdl ayp~yp ~ra`yci` bv efrhs pmdp ziri kifripsy hihbirs, pmi shdllirpmi fh~arp ~ioiprdpfao fo pmdp fo`ysprv/ Sii ~d~irs fo Kryjhdo -4664& ear d cah~rimiosfui pridphiop ae pmi

icaoahfc, fo`ysprfdl do` efodocfdl sprycpyri ae Gd~do pmdp ziri ~ircifui` ds d sayrci ae pmi clasi` odpyri ae pmiGd~doisi icaoahv/4>

Sii Zale, Jd`bdz, Mazill, do` Rfcmdr`s -46=9&/


13/26


6

YS paak pmi ~asfpfao pmdp ds pmi fh~arp bdrrfirs fo Gd~do `fsparpi` pmi cayoprvs risayrcidllacdpfao, fp zayl` bi ìsfrdbli ear pmi jauirohiop pa fopiruioi fo arìr pa carricp sycm`fsparpfaos bv rdfsfoj pmi smdri ae earifjo ~ra`ycps fo pmi hdrkip/ Pmi YS ~rissyri` Gd~do padcci~p sycm hdrkip a~iofoj hidsyris zfpm d pmridp ae ysfoj Sicpfao 3>4 ae pmi Prdì Dcp ae46:0 -Sy~ir 3>4&/44 Jfuio pmdp pmi dcpfudpfao ae Sy~ir 3>4 zayl` siuirilv risprfcp Gd~dosi}~arps pa YS hdrkips, pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop vfilì` pa pmi YS ìhdo`/ Pmi pza sfìsridcmi` pmi sihfcao`ycpar prdì djriihiop -SCPD& fo 46=5 pa focridsi pmi smdri aeearifjo(~ra`yci` sihfcao`ycpars pa 2>) fo pmi Gd~doisi sihfcao`ycpar hdrkip ao pmidssyh~pfao pmdp pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop cayl` hdodji hdrkip smdris ae pmi ~rfudpisihfcao`ycpar fo`ysprv/42

Fpam do` Smfhaf -2>>6& drjyi` pmdp pmi Gd~do(YS bfldpirdl sihfcao`ycpar djriihiop zdsprdì `fsparpfoj/ Efrsp, pmiri zds oa caoufocfoj iufìoci ae pmi ~risioci ae fh~arp bdrrfirs/Iuio fe sycm bdrrfirs md` i}fspi`, do d~~ra~rfdpi ~alfcv zayl` mdui biio pa `fricplv d``risssycm bdrrfirs pmihsiluis rdpmir pmdo djriifoj ao d cirpdfo oyhirfcdl pdrjip/ Sicao`, pmi YSfopiopfao zds pa focridsi pmi smdri ae YS(~ra`yci`, rdpmir pmdo earifjo(~ra`yci`,sihfcao`ycpars fo Gd~dos hdrkip/ Pmdp fs, pmi ualyopdrv fh~arp i}~dosfao zds oapìsfjoi` pa focridsi auirdll fh~arps ae earifjo sihfcao`ycpars erah dbrad` byp pa sicyri d

cirpdfo hdrkip smdri ae earifjo -ldrjilv YS& ~ra`ycps/ Pa pmi i}piop pmdp pmfs pv~i aehdodji` prdì `f` oap i}~do` auirdll fh~arp udlyi ar `f` oap ri`yci sihfcao`ycpar ~rfcis,fp lfkilv `fsparpi` pmi hdrkip do` `f` oap oicissdrflv sirui pmi fopirisp ae caosyhirs/

Fo caoprdsp, Pvsao -4663& drjyi` pmdp pmi hdgar fh~i`fhiops pa pmi Gd~doisi sihfcao`ycparhdrkip ziri raapi` fo pmi yoftyi cmdrdcpir ae Gd~doisi bysfoiss arjdofwdpfaos do` pmifr`fspfocpfui rildpfaosmf~s zfpm aoi doapmir do` zfpm pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop/ Smicaopioì` pmdp ualyopdrv fh~arp i}~dosfaos ziri foeirfar pa pmi efrsp(bisp d~~radcm aeyofh~iì` hdrkip cah~ipfpfao, byp pmdp pmiv cayl` sahipfhis ~raui hari ysieyl pmdo àfojoapmfoj zmio sycm cah~ipfpfao zds caosprdfoi` bv sprycpyrdl fh~i`fhiops do` earifjoprd`foj ~rdcpfcis/ Mioci, pmi SCPD zds ysieyl fo spfhyldpfoj cah~ipfpfao fo pmi Gd~doisihdrkip zmiri cah~ipfpfao zds ieeicpfuilv mdh~iri`/

Issiopfdllv, pmi YS jauirohiop ysi` pmi pmridp ae siuirilv risprfcpfoj fh~arps ae hdgar~ra`ycps erah Gd~do, do` pmfs djjrissfui YS ~alfcv pazdr`s Gd~do jioirdpi` risioplhiop foGd~do/ Oaoipmiliss, pa pmi i}piop pmdp pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop d``rissi` hdov bimfo`(pmi(barìr rijyldpfaos, pmiri fs oa àybp pmdp pmi ~alfcv md` d ~asfpfui fh~dcp ao Gd~doisihdrkip a~iooiss, ieefcfiocv do` prdos~driocv, do` fh~raui` pmi icaoahfc ziledri aeGd~doisi caosyhirs/

3/2 Gd~do(Iyra~i Prdì Erfcpfaos

Gd~do dlsa md` sahi prdì erfcpfaos zfpm Iyra~i, dlpmayjm pmiv `f` oap bicahi dscaopiopfays ds pmi Gd~do(YS prdì erfcpfaos/ Ds zds pmi cdsi ear Gd~do(YS prdì erfcpfaos,

i}~dosfao ae Gd~dos prdì syr~lys zfpm Iyra~i ~ricf~fpdpi` Gd~do(Iyra~i prdì erfcpfaos/Gd~do(Iyra~i prdì erfcpfaos fo pmi ~asp(ZZ FF ~irfa` bijdo fo pmi ldpi 465>s, zmio pmiIyra~ido Cahhyofpv -IC& fh~asi` fh~arp risprfcpfaos ao rd~f`lv focridsfoj Gd~doisii}~arps ae calar piliufsfaos/ Prdì erfcpfaos caopfoyi` fopa pmi 46:>s do` 46=>s ds ~ra`ycpspmdp cdysi` ~rablihs i}~doì` pa foclyì ilicpraofc hdcmfoirv, dypahabflis do` hdcmfoipaals/ @yrfoj pmi 46:>s, Gd~doisi ~ra`ycirs ae dypahabflis, ufìacdssippi ricarìrs,hdcmfoi paals, hfcrazdui auios, sihfcao`ycpars do` apmir ~ra`ycps ris~aoì` pa prdì

44Sy~ir 3>4 fs do iomdoci` uirsfao, fopra`yci` fo 46==, ae Sicpfao 3>4 ae pmi 46:0 YS Prdì Dcp/ Pmfsdllazi` pmi YS jauirohiop pa fh~asi sdocpfaos djdfosp cayoprfis zmfcm fp ìihi` ds iojdjfoj fo yoedfr prdì~rdcpfcis do` iricpfoj prdì bdrrfirs djdfosp YS ~ra`ycps do` sirufcis/

42Pvsao -4663& àcyhiopi` pmdp fo d caoefìopfdl sfì lippir pa pmi SCPD, pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop zayl`

hdki ieearps pa dssfsp earifjo cah~dofis fo ridcmfoj pmifr jadl ae d 2> ~irciop hdrkip smdri zfpmfo efui vidrs/Zmio pmi SCPD zds rioizi` fo 4664, do i}~lfcfp pdrjip ae pmi 2> ~irciop hdrkip smdri zds hiopfaoi`, pa biridlfwi` bv pmi io` ae 4662/


14/26


4>

erfcpfaos hdfolv pmrayjm ualyopdrv i}~arp risprdfops/ Maziuir, pmi IC bijdo pa ysi dopf(`yh~foj lfpfjdpfao do` `ypfis pa lfhfp Gd~doisi i}~arps ae bdll bidrfojs, ca~vfoj hdcmfois,~rfopirs, hfcrazdui auios, do` sihfcao`ycpars/ Pmi Iyra~ido jauirohiops dppih~pi` pa~rapicp do` ~rahapi Iyra~ido ~ra`ycirs, ~drpfcyldrlv pmasi fo ilicpraofcs fo`ysprfis, bvlfhfpfoj fh~arps ae Gd~doisi ~ra`ycps/ Ris~ao`foj pa pmisi hidsyris, Gd~doisi efrhsdcpfuilv sip y~ ~ra`ycpfao bdsis fo pmi IC bv yoìrpdkfoj E@F/

Aoi oapi` cdsi ae Iyra~is fh~arp risprfcpfaos djdfosp Gd~doisi ~ra`ycps paak ~ldci foâfpfirs, do foldo` cfpv fo Erdoci, bipziio Acpabir 46=2 do` D~rfl 46=3/ Fo pmi sa(cdlli`Bdppli ae âfpfirs, pmi Eriocm Jauirohiop lfhfpi` pmi cyspahs ~racissfoj ae dll Gd~doisiufìacdssippi ricarìrs pa d shdll cyspahs maysi fo âfpfirs/43 Ds d risylp ae pmfs fh~arprisprfcpfoj hidsyri, ds hdov ds 5>,>>> Gd~doisi ufìacdssippi ricarìrs ziri ~fli` y~ fopmi zdrimaysi aoi haopm depir pmi fh~lihiopdpfao ae pmi hidsyri/ 40

@yrfoj pmi 46=>s Gd~dos prdì syr~lys djdfosp Iyra~i i}~doì` do` fps hdjofpyì zds

iuio ldrjir pmdo Iyra~is papdl i}~arps pa Gd~do/ Frrfpdpi` bv pmfs myji prdì fhbdldoci,Iyra~ido jauirohiops do` pmi IC crfpfcfwi` Gd~do ear mdufoj d clasi` hdrkip/Eyrpmirhari, ihapfaodl ridcpfaos, sycm ds dccysfoj Gd~doisi ~ia~li ae bifoj zarkdmalfcslfufoj fo rdbbfp mypcmis, iry~pi` fo Iyra~i/

Dp pmdp pfhi oa Eriocmilicpraofc ~ra`ycirs ziri hdoyedcpyrfoj ufìacdssippi ricarìrs, pmys Eriocmjauirohiops dccysdpfao cldfhfoj pmdp pmi fh~arps ae Gd~doisi ufìacdssippi ricarìrsbrayjmp fogyrv pa Eriocm ilicpraofc ~ra`ycirs zds yoeayoì`/

49

3/3 Pmi Rali ae pmi ZPA do` DÎC

Oaoipmiliss, pmi Gd~do(Iyra~i prdì erfcpfaos`f` oap ja ds ìi~ ds pmi Gd~do(YS prdì caoelfcps fo pmi siosi ae yrjfoj Gd~do pa d``risspmi sprycpyrdllv clasi` odpyri ae pmi icaoahv do` hdrkip/ Gd~do(IC prdì erfcpfaos`fssf~dpi` fo pmi 466>s hdfolv bicdysi ae pmi vio d~~ricfdpfao, rfsi ae Gd~doisi E@F foIyra~i do` pmi risylpfoj i}~dosfao ae lacdl ~ra`ycpfao, do` liss djjrissfui i}~arp bimdufarae Gd~doisi efrhs/

Yryjydv Rayo` yoìr JDPP

Pmi Yryjydv Rayo` ae hylpfldpirdl prdì oijapfdpfaos yoìr pmi dys~fcis ae JDPP spdrpi` fo46=5 do` zds caoclyì` fo 4660/ Dlpmayjm pmi oijapfdpfaos ldspi` ifjmp laoj vidrs, pmiYryjydv Rayo` hdì sybspdopfdl ~rajriss pazdr`s lfbirdlfwfoj prdì do` E@F/ Pmidcmfiuihiops foclyì`7 d ri`ycpfao fo pdrfee rdpis; erdhizark djriihiops ao prdì fosirufcis, ao fopillicpydl ~ra~irpv rfjmps, do` ao prdì(rildpi` fouisphiop hidsyris; dpfhipdbli ear ~mdsfoj ayp dll tydopfpdpfui risprfcpfaos ao prdì; efrsp spi~s pazdr`s brfojfojdjrfcylpyrdl prdì hari efrhlv yoìr d hylpfldpirdl `fscf~lfoi; d spraojir `fs~ypi sipplihiophicmdofsh; do` pmi ispdblfsmhiop ae pmi ZPA/

Gd~do `f` oap ~ldv d crfpfcdl rali fo pmi Yryjydv Rayo` bicdysi fp cayl` oap aeeir syeefcfiopcaocissfaos ao djrfcylpyrdl lfbirdlfwdpfao/ Fo pmi oijapfdpfaos, Gd~do drjyi` pmdp djrfcylpyrdl

jaa`s prdì smayl` bi pridpi` `feeirioplv erah hdoyedcpyri` jaa`s prdì bicdysi ae pmihylpf(eyocpfaodl rali ae djrfcylpyrisycm ds ~rapicpfoj pmi ioufraohiop do` ~risirufojodpyri/ Byp `yi pa pmi ldck ae fopirodpfaodl sy~~arp, Gd~do cayl` oifpmir lid` oar i}ircfsifoelyioci auir pmi oijapfdpfaos/ @ahispfcdllv, djrfcylpyrdl fopirisps spraojlv dùacdpi` pmicaopfoydpfao ae ~rapicpfao, zmfli oao(djrfcylpyrdl fopirisps `f` oap ~risiop d syeefcfioplvcah~illfoj cdsi ear a~iofoj pmi djrfcylpyrdl jaa`s hdrkip/

Oaoipmiliss pmi Yryjydv Rayo` djriihiop md` sfjofefcdop fh~dcps ao Gd~dos cahhircfdl~alfcv/ Efrsp, ~drpfdl lfbirdlfwdpfao ae djrfcylpyrdl prdì, focly`foj rfci fh~arps, zds dcmfiui`/Gd~doisi prdì oijapfdpars ziri ~irsydì` pmdp pmi cayoprv cayl` oa laojir hdfopdfo pmi

43Sii Kfhyrd -2>>9& ear hari ìpdfli` `fscyssfaos/

40Fzdkf -2>>:& ~raufìs d caocfsi auirufiz ae Gd~do(IY Icaoahfc rildpfaosmf~ zfpm d eacys ao prdì fssyis/

49Sii Kfhyrd -2>>9& ear hari ìpdfli` `fscyssfaos/


15/26


44

~alfcv ae ~rapicpfoj pmi djrfcylpyrdl sicpar zmfli iogavfoj pmi bioiefp ae lfbirdlfwdpfao aehdoyedcpyrfoj prdì/ Dlpmayjm pmifr arfjfodl ~asfpfao spdpi` pmdp oa jrdfo ae rfci zayl` bidllazi` pa cahi pa pmi Gd~doisi hdrkip, fo pmi io` pmiv md` pa dcci~p pmi hfofhyhdcciss d~~radcm pa rfci fh~arps/ Issiopfdllv, Gd~do dbdoàoi` fps ~alfcv ae ~ramfbfpfoj pmifh~arp ae rfci do` bijdo pa dllaz d cirpdfo dhayop ae rfci fh~arps, ityfudliop ae 0(=) aeàhispfc caosyh~pfao/ Saao depir pmfs, Gd~do smfepi` pa pdrfeefcdpfao ae rfci fh~arps bv sippfojd ~ramfbfpfuilv mfjm pdrfee rdpi ae ::=) ao rfci fh~arps/

Pa ìdl zfpm pmi prdì d`gysphiop fo djrfcylpyri, oicissfpdpi` bv pmi ~drpfdl lfbirdlfwdpfao aerfci fh~arps, pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop ~raufì` pa pmi àhispfc djrfcylpyrdl fo`ysprv dshycm ds sf} prfllfao vio/ Dlpmayjm pmi fopiopfao cayl` bi gyspfefi`, pmi ~rajrdh zds oapsyccisseyl fo edcflfpdpfoj hidofojeyl d`gysphiop, bicdysi d ldrji ~drp ae pmi eyo`s ziri oaps~iop ear y~jrd`foj skflls ae fh~dcpi` zarkirs, iomdocfoj ldbar ~ra`ycpfufpv, ar caocioprdpfojedrh ldo` fo pmi mdo`s ae ldrji(scdli ~ra`ycpfui edrhirs, byp ear `feeiriop ~yr~asis sycm ds`rfllfoj ear map s~rfojs ar ~dufoj cayoprv rad`s/

Sicao`, pmi zdv Gd~do mdo`li` pmi bfldpirdl prdì erfcpfaos zfpm pmi YS cmdoji` fo deyo`dhiopdl zdv/ Bieari pmi ispdblfsmhiop ae pmi ZPA, Gd~do pioì` pa ris~ao` pa pmi YS

~rissyri pa ri`yci fps i}~arps pa pmi YS do` a~io fps hdrkip pa YS ~ra`ycps bv djriifoj paualyopdrv i}~arp risprdfops do` ualyopdrv fh~arp i}~dosfao, ris~icpfuilv/ Zfpm pmiispdblfsmhiop ae pmi ZPA, Gd~do bijdo pa ysi fps iomdoci` `fs~ypi sipplihiophicmdofsh/45

Pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop issiopfdllv eayo` pmrii ridsaos ear brfojfoj pmi bfldpirdl fssyis papmi hylpfldpirdl hicmdofsh ae ZPA `fs~ypi sipplihiop/ Efrsp, pmi hylpfldpirdl earyh zayl`ìlfuir ìcfsfaos bdsi` ao abgicpfui prd`foj rylis do` oarhs, rdpmir pmdo pmi dsvhhiprfcbdrjdfofoj ~azir bipziio `fs~ypfoj ~drpfis/ Sicao`, iuio fe Gd~do lasp pmi cdsi, fp zayl` biidsfir ear pmi jauirohiop pa caoufoci pmi àhispfc spdkimalìrs pa dcci~p pmi ZPAìcfsfaos do` pa hdki pmi d~~ra~rfdpi odpfaodl ~alfcv ris~aosis, sycm ds d`gysphiop~alfcfis/ Pmfr`, sycm ~alfcv ris~aosis zayl` pdki pmi earh ae d``rissfoj pmi eyo`dhiopdl~rablih, sycm ds cmdojfoj àhispfc rijyldpfaos, rylis do` ~raci`yris, rdpmir pmdo ~yppfojfo ~ldci hdodji` prdì hidsyris sycm ds oyhirfcdl pdrjips/

Gd~do foìi` paak pmi cdsi ae calar eflh `fs~ypi pa pmi ZPA ~doil/ Idsphdo Ka`dk drjyi`pmdp Gd~dos eflh hdrkip zds yo`ylv caopralli` bv Eygf Eflh do`, ds d risylp, clasi` pa earifjo~ra`ycps, sycm ds Ka`dk eflh, do` fo 4669 ~risiopi` pmi cdsi ear sdocpfaofoj Gd~do pa pmiYS Prdì Ri~risiopdpfui/ Pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop drjyi` djdfosp Idsphdo Ka`dk do`brayjmp pmi cdsi pa pmi ZPA/ Pmi ZPA ~doil ìlfuiri` fps ìcfsfao fo sy~~arp ae Gd~do fo466=/

Sfoci pmfs focfìop, pmiri mds biio oa hdgar Gd~do(YS bfldpirdl prdì `fs~ypi/ Sf} edcparscayl` i}~ldfo pmfs/ Efrsp, pmi dudfldbflfpv ae pmi ZPAs `fs~ypi sipplihiop hicmdofsh hdvzill mdui ìpirri` pmi YS dypmarfpfis erah risarpfoj pa bfldpirdl oijapfdpfaos zfpm prdì

sdocpfao pmridps/ Sicao`, Gd~do yoìrpaak d oyhbir ae ~alfcv riearhs sycm ds pmasi fo pmiefodocfdl svspih do` car~ardpi jauirodoci, pmi drids pmdp ziri pmi hdfo eacys ae YScaociros auir pmi sprycpyri ae pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv/ Pmfr`, Gd~doisi efrhs bijdo pai}~do` ~ra`ycpfao fo pmi YS pmrayjm E@F do`, pmys, cridpi` d lacdl caospfpyiocv pmdpsahipfhis a~~asi` YS jauirohiops ~alfcvhdkfoj pmdp cayl` mdui lfhfpi` fh~arps erahGd~do/ Eayrpm, Gd~dos prdì syr~lys zds oa laojir pmi hasp fh~arpdop sayrci ae pmi YSprdì ìefcfp, ds pmi YS ìefcfp bijdo pa bdllaao fo pmi sicao` mdle ae pmi 466>s/ Pmi prdìdo` icaoahfc sprycpyri ae Gd~do md` cmdoji` fo d zdv oap pa ryo d ldrji bfldpirdl prdìfhbdldoci zfpm pmi YS/ Efepm, pmi spdjodpfao ae pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv depir pmi byrspfoj aepmi dssip hdrkip bybbli hdv mdui ri`yci` pmi YS ~irci~pfao ae pmi Gd~do pmridp/ Efodllv,

45

Aoi fooaudpfao yoìr pmi ZPA zds pmi fopra`ycpfao ae pmi oijdpfui caosiosys d~~radcm pa `fs~ypisipplihiop/ Pmdp fs, d cdsi cayl` oaz bi midr` yoliss pmiri zds pmi yodofhays abgicpfao ae pmi ~doilhihbirs/


16/26


42

rfsfoj cah~ipfpfao erah, do` i}~do`foj prdì ìefcfps zfpm, ihirjfoj Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfisbijdo pa `fuirp YS dppiopfao dzdv erah Gd~do pazdr`s pmisi icaoahfis, sycm ds ^RC/

DÎC

D ualyopdrv do` yofldpirdl d~~radcm yoìr DÎC mds dlsa caoprfbypi` pa pmi lfbirdlfwdpfaodo` edcflfpdpfao ae prdì do` E@F ear Gd~do ds zill ds ihirjfoj Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis/Ispdblfsmi` fo 46=6, DÎC bijdo zfpm 42 hihbirs do` mds jrazo fopa d prdos(rijfaodlcaa~irdpfao arjdofwdpfao zfpm 24 hihbirs/4:

DÎCs dfh mds biio pa ~rahapi erii do` a~io rijfaodl prdì do` fouisphiop do`caoprfbypi pa icaoahfc jrazpm fo pmi Dsfd(^dcfefc rijfao do` pmi zarl`/ Pmi hidosih~lavi` pa dppdfo pmfs io` mdui biio pmi lfbirdlfwdpfao do` edcflfpdpfao ae prdì do`fouisphiop do` iojdjfoj fo icaoahfc do` picmofcdl caa~irdpfao/ @icfsfaos pa dcp dri liep papmi `fscripfao ae idcm hihbir zfpmayp focly`foj lijdllv bfo`foj oijapfdpfaos, pridpfis, do`

caouiopfaos, sycm ds pmasi fh~asi` bv pmi ZPA/ Fo d``fpfao, DÎC lfbirdlfwdpfao hidsyrisdri dlsa d~~lfi` pa oao(hihbirs, pmiribv ioearcfoj hasp(eduari`(odpfao -HEO& pridphiopzfpmayp `fscrfhfodpfao/ Pmys, fps d~~radcm mds biio pirhi` ds a~io rijfaodlfsh/

Pmfs earyhs hihbirsmf~ foclyìs sahi zfpmjridp foelyioci fo pmi zarl` icaoahv, sycm ds pmi YS, Gd~do, ^RC, do` Ryssfd/ DÎC mdsbiio pmi aolv fopirodpfaodl icaoahfc earyh fo zmfcm pmi YS do` Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis mal`~alfcv `fdlajyi ao d zfì rdoji ae icaoahfc fssyis do` ~yrsyi prdì do` fouisphioplfbirdlfwdpfao aypsfì ae pmi JDPP!ZPA/

Gd~do mds ~ldvi` do fh~arpdop rali fo DÎC/ Ao pmi accdsfao ae pmi arjdofwdpfaos bfrpm, fp gafoi` zfpm Dysprdlfd fo ~irearhfoj pmi rali ae hf`zfei, do` sybsityioplv fp mds hdì hdgarcaoprfbypfaos fo hdov drids, focly`foj arjdofwdpfao byfl`foj do` caa~irdpfui dcpfufpfis/ FoBajar, Foàoisfd, DÎC fo 4660 djrii` ao zmdp zds caosfìri` pa bi fps ~rfhdrv jadl7 pmidcmfiuihiop ae erii do` a~io prdì do` fouisphiop bv oa ldpir pmdo 2>4> fo pmi cdsi aeìuila~i` icaoahfis do` oa ldpir pmdo 2>2> fo pmi cdsi ae ìuila~foj icaoahfis/ Byp fpzds fo Asdkd, Gd~do, pmdp DÎC fo 4669 dà~pi` do dcpfao ~ldo ear dcmfiufoj pmfs jadl, pmiAsdkd Dcpfao Djio`d/ Pmfs djio`d s~icfefi` ~rfocf~lis, erdhizarks, do` dcpfaos fo pmi

pmrii drids ae prdì do` fouisphiop lfbirdlfwdpfao, prdì do` fouisphiop edcflfpdpfao, doìcaoahfc do` picmofcdl caa~irdpfao/ Dhaoj pmi jioirdl ~rfocf~lis ear lfbirdlfwdpfao doèdcflfpdpfao ziri cah~rimiosfuioiss, ZPA caosfspiocv, cah~drdbflfpv, doòao`fscrfhfodpfao/ Pmi icaoahfc do` picmofcdl caa~irdpfao zds pa bi fh~lihiopi` bv pmiDÎC hihbirs ds saao ds pmiv ziri rid`v, hdkfoj ysi ae dcpfao, earyhs, do` apmirhidos/ Ear Gd~dodo` apmir ìuila~i` icaoahfis fo pmi DÎC rijfao2>4> fs bapm pmiìd`lfoi pa hiip pmi Bajar jadl do` dlsa pmi vidr fo zmfcm fp masps pmi dooydl DÎCsyhhfp/ Sprfcplv fopir~ripi`, pmi Bajar jadl fs yolfkilv pa bi hip, byp pmiri fs oa tyispfao pmdpDÎC mds edcflfpdpi` sfjofefcdop prdì do` fouisphiop lfbirdlfwdpfao fo pmi Dsfd(^dcfefc/

Aoi ae pmi hasp sfjofefcdop dcmfiuihiops zds pa mil~ bapm ^RC do` Pdf~if,Cmfod pa gafo pmiZPA fo @icihbir 2>>4 do` Gdoydrv 2>>2, ris~icpfuilv/ Maziuir, pmi ieeicpfuioiss ae

DÎC mds biio cmdllioji` ricioplv `yi pa fps lfhfpi` rali ~ldvi` dp pmi pfhi ae pmi 466:(466= Dsfdo efodocfdl crfsfs do` pmi slaz ~rajriss ae yofldpirdl, ualyopdrv lfbirdlfwdpfao sfocipmi idrlv 2>>>s/

Gd~dos slaz pdrfee ri`ycpfao

Sfoci fps dccissfao pa pmi JDPP, Gd~do mds biio lfbirdlfwfoj prdì bv cyppfoj pdrfee rdpis,ri`ycfoj tydopfpdpfui risprfcpfaos, do` d``rissfoj apmir oao(pdrfee bdrrfirs/ Efjyri 9ìhaosprdpis maz Gd~do mds biio ri`ycfoj pmi duirdji pdrfee rdpis auir pmi ~dsp 2> vidrs/Gd~do sdz d sfjofefcdop pdrfee ri`ycpfao fo 4669 ds d risylp ae pmi caoclysfao ae pmi YryjydvRayo`, byp pmi pdrfee ri`ycpfao sfoci pmio mds biio uirv slaz/ Pmfs fs fo smdr~ caoprdsp zfpm

4:Spdrpfoj zfpm 42 hihbirs -Dysprdlfd, Cdod`d, Gd~do, Oiz Widldo`, Karid, YS, do` pmi sf} hihbirs ae

DSIDO7 Bryoif @dryssdldh, Foàoisfd, Hdldvsfd, pmi ^mflf~~fois, Sfojd~ari, do` Pmdfldo`&, 6 d``fpfaodlicaoahfis mdui sybsityioplv gafoi` DÎC, focly`foj Cmfli; ^RC; Maoj Kaoj, Cmfod; Hi}fca; ^d~yd OizJyfoid; îry; Pdf~if,Cmfod; Ufip Odh; do` Ryssfd/


17/26


43

apmir mfjm focahi AIC@ cayoprfis do` pmi zarl` ds d zmali/ Dlpmayjm Gd~dos duirdjipdrfee rdpis dri hycm lazir pmdo pmi zarl` duirdji do` hdrjfodllv lazir pmdo pmi mfjm focahiAIC@ cayoprv duirdji, pmi risp ae pmi zarl` mds biio ri`ycfoj pdrfees sfoci 4665, zmfliGd~do mds oap/ Pmfs fh~lfis pmdp fe pmi @amd @iuila~hiop Rayo` oijapfdpfaos smayl`bicahi spdlli`, Gd~do oii`s pa efo` doapmir zdv pa eyrpmir ri`yci pmi pdrfee rdpis/

Efjyri 97 Prio`s fo Gd~dos Duirdji D~~lfi` Pdrfee Rdpis, 46==2>>:-Yozifjmpi` fo )&

>

9

4>

49

2>

29

46==

46=6

466>

4664

4662

4663

4660

4669

4665

466:

466=

4666

2>>>

2>>4

2>>2

2>>3

2>>0

2>>9

2>>5

2>>:

G d~do Mfjm focahi AIC@ cayop r fis Zar l` duir dji

Oapis7 -4& Dll pdrfee rdpis dri bdsi` ao yozifjmpi` duirdjis ear dll jaa`s fo d` udlarih rdpis, ar d~~lfi` rdpis, arhasp(eduari`(odpfao -HEO& rdpis zmfcmiuir dpd dri dudfldbli fo d laojir ~irfa`/

-2& Pdrfee `dpd dri ~rfhdrflv bdsi` ao Yofpi` Odpfaos Caoeirioci ao Prdì do` @iuila~hiop -YOCPD@& PrdìDodlvsfs Foearhdpfao Svspih -PRDFOS& dpdbdsi do` pmio ysi` ZPA F@B `dpd ear jd~ efllfoj/

-3& Mfjm focahi AIC@ cayoprfis foclyì7 Dysprdlfd, Cdod`d, Iyra~ido Yofao, Fcildo`, Gd~do, Karid, Oiz Widldo`,Oarzdv, Szfpwirldo`, do` pmi YS/

Sayrci7 Udrfays sayrcis erah YOCPD@ PRDFOS dpdbdsi, ZPA F@B `dpdbdsi, Zarl` Bdok, AIC@, do` FHE/

0/ GD^DOS CAHHIRCFDL ALFCV FO PMI 2>>>S

0/4 Dà~pfao ae I^D Fofpfdpfuis

Dp pmi pyro ae pmi ciopyrv, Gd~do bijdo pa dà~p pmi ~alfcv ae ~rahapfoj prdì do`

fouisphiop lfbirdlfwdpfao pmrayjm bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl prdì drrdojihiops/ Oapdblv, sfociOauihbir 2>>2, Gd~do mds fh~lihiopi` 4> bfldpirdl I^Ds zfpm : DSIDO hihbirs,Hi}fca, Cmfli do` Szfpwirldo` do` aoi ~lyrfldpirdl I^D zfpm DSIDO, zmfli ~yrsyfoj aeefcfdloijapfdpfaos zfpm efui prd`foj ~drpoirs -sii Pdbli 4 ear d syhhdrv ae Gd~dos I^Dfofpfdpfuis&/ Gd~dos haui pa ysi I^Ds ds cahhircfdl ~alfcv paal mds s~dzoi` EPD hauisbv apmir Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis, ~drpfcyldrlv ^RC, Karid do` DSIDO cayoprfis/ Fo ris~aosipa pmi Gd~do(Sfojd~ari I^D oijapfdpfaos pmdp bijdo fo Gdoydrv 2>>4, ^RC do` DSIDObijdo aeefcfdl oijapfdpfaos ao clasir icaoahfc ~drpoirsmf~, zmfcm ziri caoclyì` foOauihbir 2>>2/ Pmio, Gd~do cah~lipi` d sirfis ae bfldpirdl I^Ds zfpm Hdldvsfd, Pmdfldo`,Foàoisfd, Bryoif @dryssdldh, pmi ^mflf~~fois, do` Ufip Odh, zmfli fh~lihiopfoj do I^Dzfpm DSIDO ds d jray~/ Gd~do, ^RC do` DSIDO mdui biio gafoi` bv Karid, Fo`fd,

Dysprdlfd do` Oiz Widldo` fo dcpfui EPD hauis/ Fo pmfs siosi, pmiri mdui biio àhfoa do`bdo`zdjao ieeicps dhaoj pmisi do` apmir icaoahfis fo pmifr `rfui ear EPDs!I^Ds/


18/26


40

Pdbli 47 Gd~dos I^Ds Fh~lihiopi` ar Yoìr Aeefcfdl Oijapfdpfaos

^drpoirCayoprv!Rijfao

@dpi OijapfdpfaoBijyo

@dpi Sfjoi` @dpiFh~lihiopi`

Fh~lihiopi`

Sfojd~ari Gdoydrv 2>>4 Gdoydrv 2>>2 Oauihbir 2>>2

Hi}fca Oauihbir 2>>2 Si~pihbir 2>>0 D~rfl 2>>9Hdldvsfd Gdoydrv 2>>0 @icihbir 2>>9 Gylv 2>>5Cmfli Eibrydrv 2>>5 Hdrcm 2>>: Si~pihbir 2>>:Pmdfldo` Eibrydrv 2>>0 D~rfl 2>>: Oauihbir 2>>:Foàoisfd Gylv 2>>9 Dyjysp 2>>: Gylv 2>>=Bryoif @dryssdldh Gyoi 2>>5 Gyoi 2>>: Gylv 2>>=^mflf~~fois Eibrydrv 2>>0 Si~pihbir 2>>5 @icihbir 2>>=DSIDO D~rfl 2>>9 D~rfl 2>>= @icihbir 2>>=Szfpwirldo` Hdv 2>>: Eibrydrv 2>>6 Si~pihbir 2>>6Ufip Odh Gdoydrv 2>>: @icihbir 2>>= Acpabir 2>>6

Yoìr AeefcfdlOijapfdpfao

Karid4

@icihbir 2>>3JCC

2Si~pihbir 2>>5

Fo`fd Gdoydrv 2>>:

Dysprdlfd D~rfl 2>>:îry Hdv 2>>6

Oapis7-4& Gd~dos I^D oijapfdpfaos zfpm Karid bijdo fo @icihbir 2>>3 byp ziri sys~ioì` fo Oauihbir 2>>0/

-2& JCC spdo`s ear Caa~irdpfao Cayocfl ear Drdb Spdpis ae pmi Jyle/

Sayrci7 Hfofsprv ae Earifjo Deedfrs/

Hi}fca zds pmi efrsp cayoprv pmdp d~~radcmi` Gd~do ear d ~assfbli I^D/ Eallazfoj pmiHi}fcdo ^risfìops ~ra~asdl pa ispdblfsm d ~assfbli Gd~do(Hi}fca I^D fo Oauihbir 466=,pmfok pdoks fo bapm cayoprfis cao`ycpi` d spy`v ao d ~assfbli bfldpirdl I^D do` do aeefcfdlspy`v jray~ zds sip y~ fo Si~pihbir 2>>4 pa i}dhfoi pmi ìpdfls ae d ~assfbli I^D/ Aeefcfdloijapfdpfaos bijdo fo Oauihbir 2>>2, eallazi` bv do djriihiop fo Si~pihbir 2>>0/ PmiGd~do(Hi}fca I^D zds iodcpi` fo D~rfl 2>>9/ Pmi hasp sirfays abspdcli fo pmi oijapfdpfaos

zds Gd~dos spraoj risfspdoci pa lfbirdlfwdpfao ae prdì fo djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps, s~icfefcdllv~ark, biie, do` cmfckio ~ra`ycps, ardojis, do` ardoji gyfci/ Fo pmi io`, Gd~do djrii` paa~io y~ pmisi hdrkips bv focridsfoj fh~arp tyapdsoap bv rihaufoj pdrfees ds fp smayl`yoìr EPDs pmdp dri caosfspiop zfpm pmi ZPA rylisfo i}cmdoji ear Hi}fcas djriihiop palfbirdlfwi spiil do` dypahabfli hdrkips zfpmfo pio do` siuio vidrs, ris~icpfuilv/ Hi}fcaa~ioi` fps hdrkip pa dll fh~arps erah Gd~do, zmfli Gd~do a~ioi` fps hdrkip pa aolv =0) aefps fh~arps erah Hi}fca/ Pmi Gd~do(Hi}fca I^D zds spraojlv sy~~arpi` bv pmi Gd~doisibysfoiss sicpar, zmfcm eilp pmdp pmifr bysfoiss zds syeeirfoj erah pmi lass ae hdrkip dccissdo` bysfoiss a~~arpyofpfis, focly`foj jauirohiop ~racyrihiop, fo pmi dbsioci ae do I^Dzfpm Hi}fca/Gd~dos d~~radcm mds biio pa ispdblfsm do I^D, rdpmir pmdo sfh~lv do EPD, bv cauirfoj

zfìr fssyis ae ZPA(~lys ilihiops/ ZPA(~lys ilihiops foclyì pmi eayr Sfojd~ari fssyis-prdì edcflfpdpfao, fouisphiop, jauirohiop ~racyrihiop, do` cah~ipfpfao ~alfcv& do` apmir~raufsfaos sycm ds fopillicpydl ~ra~irpv rfjmps, ldbar spdo`dr`s do` habflfpv, ioufraohiopdl,foearhdpfao picmoalajv do` shdll( do` hi`fyh(sfwi` iopir~rfsi caa~irdpfao/ Pmi eayrSfojd~ari fssyis ziri cao`fpfaodllv foclyì` fo pmi zark ~rajrdh ear pmi @amd Rayo` foOauihbir 2>>4 byp ziri sybsityioplv `ra~~i` dp pmi ZPA Hfofspirfdl Caoeirioci foCdocyo fo 2>>0/ Gd~dos I^Ds zfpm Foàoisfd do` pmi ^mflf~~fois foclyì ~raufsfaos ao pmihauihiop ae odpyrdl ~irsaos fo pmi drid ae oyrsfoj do` al`(dji cdri/ Fopillicpydl ~ra~irpvrfjmps dri foclyì` fo dll pmi I^Ds pmdp Gd~do mds caoclyì`/


19/26


49

Hapfuis bimfo` Gd~dos I^D sprdpijv

Gd~do cdhi pa ricajofwi I^Ds ds aoi ae fps prdì ~alfcv a~pfaos, fo d``fpfao pa pmihylpfldpirdl erdhizark yoìr pmi ZPA/4=

Efrsp, jridpir dcciss pa earifjo hdrkips zds aoi ae pmi fh~arpdop hapfuis pmdp draysi`Gd~dos fopirisp fo I^Ds/ Gd~do zds aoi ae pmi eiz cayoprfis fo pmi zarl` pmdp `f` oap mduidov bfldpirdl, ~lyrfldpirdl ar rijfaodl prdì drrdojihiop sycm ds EPDs yopfl pmi idrlv 24spciopyrv, ìs~fpi pmi edcp pmdp do focridsfoj oyhbir ae EPDs md` bicahi ispdblfsmi`jlabdllv/ Edcfoj pmi zarl` hdrkip, zmfcm md` hdov `fscrfhfodparv prd`foj drrdojihiops, fo~drpfcyldr pmasi fo Iyra~i do` Oarpm Dhirfcd, Gd~do eilp do yrjiop oii` pa sicyri hdrkipdcciss ear Gd~doisi efrhs bv sippfoj y~ I^Ds/ Ds do I^D ilfhfodpis prdì bdrrfirs fo I^D~drpoirs, Gd~doisi efrhs dri dbli pa iogav hari bysfoiss a~~arpyofpfis, is~icfdllv zmiohylpfldpirdl prdì oijapfdpfaos yoìr pmi @amd @iuila~hiop Djio`d ziri hdkfoj lfppli~rajriss/

Siuirdl edcpars caoprfbypi` pa pmfs smfep fo Gd~dosprdì ~alfcv/

Ear fopirodpfaodllv cah~ipfpfui Gd~doisi efrhs, fp fs uirv fh~arpdop pa mdui hari bysfoissa~~arpyofpfis zmio cah~ipfoj zfpm earifjo cah~dofis/ Ear i}dh~li, I^Ds zfpm Idsp Dsfdo

cayoprfis zayl` focridsi Gd~dos i}~arps pa pmisi cayoprfis, zmfcm dri ~risioplv ~rapicpi`zfpm mfjm pdrfee do` oao(pdrfee bdrrfirs/ 46 Fo d``fpfao, Gd~doisi efrhs cayl` i}~do` pmifrbysfoiss a~irdpfaos fo I^D ~drpoirs ufd E@F, ds do I^D foclyìs E@F lfbirdlfwdpfao doàpmir hidsyris caoprfbypfoj pa cridpfoj d bysfoiss erfio`lv ioufraohiop/ 2>

Pmi hdrkip dcciss hapfui clidrlv ~ldvi` do fh~arpdop rali ear Gd~do fo ~yrsyfoj do I^Dzfpm Hi}fca/ Pmdoks pa pmi Oarpm Dhirfcdo Erii Prdì Djriihiop -ODEPD& do` pmiIyra~ido Yofao -IY&(Hi}fca EPD, IY do` YS efrhs cayl` i}~arp pmifr ~ra`ycps pa Hi}fcazfpmayp pdrfees/ Fo arìr pa i}~arp pmifr ~ra`ycps pa Hi}fca, Gd~doisi efrhs md` pa ~dv mfjm

pdrfees, do duirdji ae 45/2) ear dll fh~arps fo 2>>4, zmfcm ~rapicpi` pmi Hi}fcdo hdrkip/Dhaoj Gd~doisi hdoyedcpyrfoj sicpars, pmi dypahabfli do` spiil fo`ysprfis ziri idjir earpmi jauirohiop pa earh do I^D zfpm Hi}fca/ Gd~dos dypahabfli fo`ysprv zds fopirispi` foi}~do`foj i}~arps ae efofsmi` cdrs pa Hi}fca, zmfli fps spiil fo`ysprv zds fopirispi` foi}~arpfoj spiil ~ra`ycps, zmfcm ziri ysi` ear pmi ~ra`ycpfao ae ilicpraofcs, maysimalìlicprfcdl d~~lfdocis, jioirdl hdcmfoirv, do` dypahabflis bv Gd~doisi dssihblv efrhsa~irdpfoj fo Hi}fca/ Fo d``fpfao, pmi Hi}fcdo jauirohiop dllazi` aolv EPD hihbirs pa~drpfcf~dpi fo pmi jauirohiop ~racyrihiop hdrkip/ Hi}fca cayl` fh~asi sycm risprfcpfaos aojauirohiop ~racyrihiop bicdysi fp zds oap d sfjodparv pa pmi ZPAs jauirohiop~racyrihiop caì/ Edci` zfpm pmisi hdrkip dcciss ~rablihs fo Hi}fca, pmi Gd~doisibysfoiss cahhyofpv ufjarayslv ~ysmi` fps jauirohiop pa abpdfo do I^D zfpm Hi}fca/Issiopfdllv, pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop ysi` I^Ds pa cahbdp `fscrfhfodpfao fo earifjo

hdrkips, lfki Hi}fca, zmfcm eduari` Gd~dos cah~ipfpars iojdji` fo EPD oipzarks/

Gd~dos I^Dsprdpijv eacysis ao Idsp Dsfd, ds ispdblfsmfoj I^Ds zfpm Idsp Dsfdo cayoprfis zayl`caoprfbypi pa icaoahfc ~ras~irfpv do`, mioci, ~alfpfcdl do` sacfdl spdbflfpv fo pmi rijfao,zmfcm fo pyro zayl` bioiefp Gd~do/

24

Sicao`, spfhyldpfoj sprycpyrdl riearhs, zmfcm dri rityfri` bv I^Ds, zds caosfìriìssiopfdl pa riufpdlfwi pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv/ Depir pmi calld~si ae pmi dssip ~rfci bybbli fopmi idrlv 466>s, pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv iopiri` d laoj spdjodpfao/ Foìi`, pmi 466>s zdscmdrdcpirfwi` ds pmi lasp ìcdì ear Gd~do/ Dlpmayjm Gd~dos ~asp(ZZ FF svspihcaoprfbypi` pa mfjm icaoahfc jrazpm yopfl pmi bybbli drasi, fp bicdhi foieeicpfui depir fpbyrsp/ Pa ~yp Gd~do bdck ao d syspdfodbli jrazpm ~dpm, d sirfis ae sprycpyrdl riearhs dri

4=îh~il do` Yrdpd -2>>5& `fscyssi` Gd~dos I^D ~alfcv fo caogyocpfao zfpm fps bfldpirdl prdì djriihiops zfpmpmi YS fo sihfcao`ycpars do` apmirs fo pmi 46:>s do` 46=>s/

46Fo sicpars apmir pmdo ilicpraofcs zmasi HEO pdrfees dri dlrid`v laz/

2>Sii Salfs do` Yrdpd -2>>:& ear pmi `fscyssfao ae Gd~dos dcpfufsp earifjo icaoahfc ~alfcv/

24Sii Yrdpd -2>>6& ear pmfs absirudpfao/


20/26


45

oiiì`, focly`foj pmasi d``rissfoj pmi rd~f` ìhajrd~mfc cmdoji dssacfdpi` zfpm d~a~yldpfao pmdp fs djfoj do` ìclfofoj fo oyhbir/ Erah pmfs ~irs~icpfui, I^Ds cdo prfjjir dsirfis ae sprycpyrdl riearhs fo Gd~do, sycm ds ldbar hdrkip do` djrfcylpyrdl riearhs/

Pmfr`, Gd~do i}~icps pa caoprfbypi pa pmi spriojpmiofoj ae pmi zarl` prdì svspih yoìr pmiZPA, ds EPDs!I^Ds cayl` mdui mdrheyl fh~dcps ao pmi zarl` prdì svspih bicdysi ae pmifr

`fscrfhfodparv odpyri/ Zmfli dckoazli`jfoj pmi ~assfbflfpv ae sycm d mdrheyl ieeicp, fp zayl`bi ~assfbli pa hd}fhfwi pmi eduardbli ieeicps erah I^Ds pa hari pmdo aeesip pmi mdrheylieeicp/ Ear i}dh~li, Gd~do cayl` caoprfbypi pa pmi ZPA svspih bv syccisseyllv earhfojI^Ds pmdp foclyì hdov ZPA(~lys ilihiops/

0/2 Gd~dos D~~radcm pa Rijfaodl Icaoahfc Fopijrdpfao

Earhfoj d rijfao(zfì I^D

Pmiri fs focridsfoj ricajofpfao fo Gd~do ae pmi hirfps fo earhfoj d rijfao(zfì I^D ds dhidos pa caosalf`dpi pmi oaa`li bazl, d ~lipmard ae bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl djriihiops foIdsp Dsfd/ Sycm d ldrji I^D zayl` caoeir udrfays icaoahfc bioiefps7 -f& focridsi hdrkip

dcciss pa jaa`s, sirufcis, skflls, do` picmoalajv; -ff& focridsi hdrkip sfwi pa ~irhfps~icfdlfwdpfao do` ridlfwdpfao ae icaoahfis ae scdli; -fff& edcflfpdpi pmi E@F dcpfufpfis do`picmoalajv prdoseir ae HOCs; do` -fu& ~irhfp sfh~lfefcdpfao ae pdrfee scmi`ylis, rylis, do`spdo`dr`s/

Zfpm kiv DSIDO+4 djriihiopssycm ds pmi DSIDO(Gd~do I^D, DSIDO(^RC EPD,DSIDO(Karid EPD, DSIDO(Fo`fd EPD do` DSIDO(Dysprdlfd do` Oiz Widldo` EPDfh~lihiopi`, pmi ~alfcv `fscyssfao fo Dsfd fs eacysfoj ao cah~ipfoj rijfao(zfì djriihiop~ra~asdls/ Pmiv dri do Idsp Dsfd Erii Prdì Drid -IDEPD& dhaoj DSIDO+3 cayoprfis-DSIDO, ^RC, Gd~do, do` Karid& do` d Cah~rimiosfui Icaoahfc ^drpoirsmf~ ear IdspDsfd -CIÎD& dhaoj DSIDO+5 cayoprfis -DSIDO+3, Fo`fd, Dysprdlfd, do` Oiz Widldo`&/Gd~do pdkis pmi ufiz pmdp pmi rijfao smayl` cridpi d CIÎD zmfli ^RC dùacdpis pmi

IDEPD/ Do fh~arpdop cmdllioji fs pa fìopfev zmfcm ae pmi pza, do IDEPD ar d CIÎD, fshari bioiefcfdl fo pirhs ae icaoahfc ziledri ear pmi rijfaodl do` jlabdl icaoahv/

Efjyri 5 ~risiops pmi risylps ae d cah~ypdbli jioirdl ityflfbrfyh -CJI& dodlvsfs earicaoahfis fo Dsfd ri~arpi` fo Kdzdf do` Zfjodrdgd -2>4>&/Pmrii auirdll risylps cdo bimfjmlfjmpi` erah pmi CJI i}ircfsi fo pirhs ae cmdoji erah 2>4: bdsilfoi focahi~ragicpfaos7 -f& d rijfao(zfì EPD, zmipmir do IDEPD ar CIÎD, aeeirs ldrjir jdfos pa zarl`focahi pmdo pmi cyrriop zdui ae bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl EPDs; -ff& pmi CIÎD sciodrfa,zmfcm fs bradìr fo pirhs ae cayoprv cauirdji, aeeirs ldrjir jdfos pa pmi zarl` ds d zmali fopirhs ae focahi pmdo pmi IDEPD sciodrfa; do` -fff& pmfr` ~drpfis aypsfì ifpmir do IDEPD arCIÎD lasi lfppli erah bifoj i}clyì` erah d rijfao(zfì djriihiop/ Pmi bioiefp pa Gd~dods d risylp ae do IDEPD ar d CIÎD fs drayo` 4/9) ae bdsilfoi J@^, zmfcm fs shdllir pmdopmi bioiefps pa hdov apmir icaoahfis, byp sfwdbli ear d ldrji icaoahv lfki Gd~do/


21/26


4:

Efjyri 57 Focahi Ieeicps ae Dlpirodpfui Sciodrfas Cah~dri` pa 2>4: Bdsilfoi-) Cmdoji fo J@^ bv Icaoahv&

Oapis7DSIDO 8 Dssacfdpfao ae Saypmidsp Dsfdo Odpfaos; CIÎD 8 Cah~rimiosfui Icaoahfc drpoirsmf~ ear IdspDsfd; IDEPD 8 Idsp Dsfd Erii Prdì Drid; RC 8 îa~lis Ri~yblfc ae Cmfod/

Sayrci7 Kdzdf do` Zfjodrdgd -2>4>&/

Pmys, pmi CJI dodlvsfs ìhaosprdpis pmdp d rijfao(zfì djriihiop fo Idsp Dsfd~drpfcyldrlv d CIÎDzayl` ~raufì ziledri jdfos auir pmi ~risiop zdui ae DSIDO+4EPDs/ Pmi jdfos pa hihbirs ae sycm do djriihiop dri oapdbli, zmfli lassis pa oao(

hihbirs dri rildpfuilv shdll/ Dccar`fojlv, drjyhiops ear, do` hauis pazdr`s, d CIÎD drisy~~arpi` bv icaoahfc haìlfoj/

âlfpfcdl icaoahv caosfìrdpfaos ae do Idsp Dsfd(zfì I^D

Iuio pmayjm pmi caosalf`dpfao ae EPDs!I^Ds fopa d rijfao(zfì djriihiop zayl` vfil` ldrjiicaoahfc jdfos pa Gd~do do` Dsfd, pmi eypyri ~dpm siihs yoclidr/ Do fh~arpdop ridsao paispdblfsm do IDEPD fs pmdp ~ra`ycpfao oipzarks mdui biio ìuila~i` hasp sfjofefcdoplvdhaoj pmi DSIDO+3 cayoprfis, do` mdrhaofwfoj rylis ae arfjfo dhaoj pmisi cayoprfis cdo~ra`yci d pdojfbli bioiefp/ Pmi lajfc ear d CIÎD fs pmdp pmi ~ra`ycpfao oipzark fs bijfoofojpa ihbrdci Dysprdlfd do` Fo`fd/ Fo d``fpfao, fp zayl` pdki hari pfhi pa ~ra`yci d rijfao(zfìI^D focly`foj Fo`fd fe pmdp cayoprv ziri slaz pa lfbirdlfwi, zmirids fp zayl` bi idsfir pa earhd CIÎD fe Fo`fd ziri pa hdki pdojfbli ~rajriss/

Pa earh do Idsp Dsfd(zfì E^D, zmipmir fp zayl` bi do IDEPD ar d CIÎD, fp fs fh~arpdoppa cridpi ~ricao`fpfaosar byfl`foj blacksear pmfs/ Pmi hfssfoj lfok fs do EPD!I^D dhaojpmi ~lys(pmrii cayoprfis^RC, Gd~do, do` Karidzmfcm zayl` oii` pa caar`fodpi pmifrprdì do` E@F rijfhis/

Ao d ~assfbli Gd~do(^RC I^D, pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop fs caociroi` dbayp pmicah~ipfpfuioiss ae ^RCs hdoyedcpyrfoj sicpar do` djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps/ Gd~do zfsmis papridp ^RC ds d oao(hdrkip icaoahv sa pmdp fp cdo sdeijydr` djdfosp d syrji ae Cmfoisifh~arps fopa Gd~doisi hdrkips, byp pmi Cmfoisi jauirohiop fosfsps y~ao hdrkip icaoahvspdpys ear fpsile/ Gd~do dlsa drjyis pmdp ^RC mds vip pa clidrlv ìhaosprdpi ~rajrisspazdr`s fh~lihiopdpfao ae ZPA ioprv cahhfphiops, zfpm sfjofefcdop fssyis focly`foj cldrfpvae rijyldpfaos do` rylis auir efrhs, do` ~rapicpfao ae fopillicpydl ~ra~irpv rfjmps/ Gd~do zayl`

lfki pa sii fh~rauihiops fo jauirohiop ~racyrihiop ~rdcpfcis do` pmi ilfhfodpfao ae ~alfcvbfds eduarfoj fo`fjioays fooaudpfao bv ^RC efrhs/ Eaa` sdeipv fssyis dri dlsa d caociro ear


22/26


4=

Gd~do/ Pmi Gd~doisi jauirohiop mds pdkio pmi ~asfpfao pmdp do fouisphiop pridpv smayl` bid efrsp cao`fpfao bieari spdrpfoj do I^D oijapfdpfao/22

Gd~dos ~rfhdrv caociro auir d Gd~doKarid I^D fs pmi cah~ipfpfuioiss ae Karidsdjrfcylpyri do` efsmirv sicpars/ Fo caoprdsp, Karid fs caociroi` dbayp Gd~doscah~ipfpfuioiss fo hdoyedcpyri` ~ra`ycps -fopirhi`fdpi fo~yps&, Karids ldrji pdrfee

caocissfaos rityfri` `yi pa mfjm HEO pdrfees, do` pmi rfsk ae jridpir bfldpirdl prdì ìefcfpszfpm Gd~do/

@is~fpi pmisi ~rablihs, fe Gd~do fs dbli pa crdep d prfldpirdl I^D zfpm ^RC do` Karid arsi~drdpi I^Ds zfpm idcm ae pmih, d spraoj eayo`dpfao ear d ~assfbli IDEPD do` d CIÎDcayl` bi byflp/ Pmfs zfll rityfri ~alfpfcdl cahhfphiop erah pmi jauirohiops ae dll pmriicayoprfis/ Earhfoj d Erii Prdì Drid ae pmi Dsfd(^dcfefc -EPDD^& foualufoj DÎC hihbirszayl` bi hari cah~li} pmdo earhfoj d CIÎD/ Do EPDD^ cayl` ~assfblv bi ispdblfsmi`,byp aolv depir pmi Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis caoclyì do IDEPD ar CIÎD/

0/3 Abspdclis pa Eyrpmir Lfbirdlfwdpfao ear Gd~do

Zmipmir ~yrsyfoj lfbirdlfwdpfao pmrayjm pmi ZPA ar I^Ds, Gd~do edcis udrfays abspdclis/Pmfs sicpfao i}dhfois sycm abspdclis ear Gd~do/

Dlpmayjm prdì do` fouisphiop lfbirdlfwdpfao brfojs icaoahfc bioiefps pa Gd~do ds d zmali,pmi bioiefps à oap dccryi pa dll sicpars do` fo`fuf`ydls itydllv/ Sahi sicpars ar jray~s drilfkilv pa syeeir erah oijdpfui caosityiocis/ S~icfefcdllv, cah~ipfpfui sicpars dri lfkilv pajdfo ldrji bioiefps ds efrhs fo pmisi sicpars cdo efo` bysfoiss a~~arpyofpfis fo auirsidshdrkips, zmfli yocah~ipfpfui sicpars dri lfkilv pa lasi bicdysi cah~ipfpfui earifjo efrhszayl` bi dbli pa cah~ipi syccisseyllv zfpm pmih/ Pmisi hf}i` fh~dcps dri i}~icpi` erahdov pv~i ae prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao, zmipmir yoìr pmi ZPA ar erah d bfldpirdl I^D/

Ear Gd~do, djrfcylpyri fs pmi hasp siosfpfui sicpar fo prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao, rijdr`liss ae fpsearh, pmdp fs, zmipmir d bfldpirdl ar rijfaodl erdhizark yoìr do I^D, ar d hylpfldpirdl

erdhizark yoìr pmi ZPA/ Gd~do mds rildpfuilv laz pdrfee ~rapicpfao ao djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycpsfo jioirdl, cah~dri` pa apmir djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycp fh~arpfoj cayoprfis/ Zmdp fs oapdbli eardjrfcylpyrdl ~rapicpfao fo Gd~do fs pmi uirv mfjm ~rapicpfao jfuio pa siuirdl ~ra`ycps pmrayjmcah~lfcdpi` ~rapicpfao svspihs, zmfcm cahbfoi fh~arp tyapds do` mfjm pdrfees/ Ear i}dh~li,pmi d` udlarihpdrfee ityfudliop ear sahi silicpi` fpihs, sycm ds rfci, zmidp, syjdr, byppir,do` kaoovdky~apdpa, dri uirv mfjm/ Fo d``fpfao, ds d ~drp ae pmi Yryjydv Rayo` djriihiop,Gd~do fopra`yci` d s~icfdl sdeijydr` svspih pa ìdl zfpm pmi `dhdjis cdysi` bv fh~arpsyrjis/

âlfcfis pa ~rapicp pmi djrfcylpyrdl sicpar mdui biio do abspdcli fo I^D oijapfdpfaos earGd~do/ Gd~do i}clyì` djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps erah prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao fo pmi Gd~do(Sfojd~ariI^D, iuio pmayjm djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycpfao fo Sfojd~ari zds uirv shdll/ ârk ~ra`ycps

bicdhi d caopiopfays fssyi fo pmi Gd~do(Hi}fca I^D oijapfdpfaos/ @is~fpi d spraojìhdo` erah Hi}fca pa ri`yci pmi liuil ae ~rapicpfao ao ~ark fh~arps, Gd~do `f` oap jfui fo,do` fospid` focridsi` fh~arp tyapds ao biie, cmfckio, ardojis do` ardoji gyfci, zmfcmziri oap foclyì` fo pmi fofpfdl rityisp/ Gd~dos I^D oijapfdpfaos zfpm apmir cayoprfis mduidlsa iocayopiri` pmi ~rablih ae fh~arp lfbirdlfwdpfao ae djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps/ I^Doijapfdpfaos zmiri pmi fh~arp ae udrfays djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps edci` Gd~dos spraoja~~asfpfao foclyì7 pmi Gd~do(^mflf~~fois I^D -bdodods, rfci, zmidp, spdrcm, `dfrv ~ra`ycps,biie, ~ark, syjdr, cdooi` ~foid~~lis&, pmi Gd~do(Pmdfldo` I^D -rfci, syjdr, baoilisscmfckio, ~racissi` cmfckio&, do` pmi Gd~do(Cmfli I^D -efsm ~ra`ycps, ~ark&/ Fo d``fpfao papmi ~ra`ycps lfspi` dbaui, udrfays djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycps cayl` bi fìopfefi` ds ~assfblvsiosfpfui fo pmi EPDD^ oijapfdpfaos, ear i}dh~li, rfci -Dysprdlfd, YS, ^RC&, biie do` ~ark-Dysprdlfd, YS&, syjdr -Dysprdlfd&, do` `dfrv ~ra`ycps -Dysprdlfd, YS&/

22^RC, Gd~do do` Karid ihbdrki` ao oijapfdpfaos ear d prfldpirdl fouisphiop djriihiop fo Hdrcm 2>>:/


23/26


46

Dhaoj pmisi mfjmlv ~rapicpi` fpihs, rfci fs bv edr pmi hasp `feefcylp fpih ear Gd~do palfbirdlfwi ear siuirdl ridsaos/ Aoi ridsao fs fps fh~arpdoci fo djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycpfao, zfpm fpssmdri dhayopfoj pa d~~ra}fhdpilv 29) ae djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycpfao/23

9/ CAOCLYSFAO7 PMI ZDV EARZDR@

Pmi sicao` ridsao fspmi jiajrd~mv ae fps ~ra`ycpfao, zfpm rfci jrazo pmrayjmayp Gd~do/ Efodllv, edrhirs mdui d

rildpfuilv spraoj uafci fo djrfcylpyrdl ~alfcv fssyis `yi pa pmi `fs~ra~arpfaodpilv mfjm ilicpardl~azirs dllacdpi` pa ryrdl drids/ Pmisi edcpars risylp fo spraoj ~alfpfcdl `vodhfcs/ Fo arìr pahdki djrfcylpyrdl ~ra`ycpfao hari ieefcfiop, ~ra`ycpfui do` cah~ipfpfui, fp fs issiopfdl padccilirdpi riearh ae pmi djrfcylpyrdl sicpar/ Pmi jauirohiop smayl` iocayrdji pmicaocioprdpfao ae edrh ldo` fo pmi mdo`s ae ldrji(scdli ~ra`ycpfui edrhirs, zmfli dp pmi sdhipfhi dssfspfoj pmasi edrhirs do` edrh zarkirs earci` pa lidui pmi djrfcylpyrdl sicpar foy~jrd`foj pmifr skflls do` koazli`ji sa pmdp pmiv cayl` bi ih~lavi` fo apmir sicpars ae pmiicaoahv/

Fo pmi ~asp(ZZ FF ~irfa` Gd~do hdì ysi ae jlabdl fospfpypfaos -i/j/, JDPP, FHE do` AIC@&do` bfldpirdl i}pirodl ~rissyris -is~icfdllv, pmasi erah pmi YS& pa riearh fps àhispfcicaoahv pmrayjm prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao/ Sprycpyrdl riearhs caoprfbypi` sfjofefcdoplv pa fh~rauipmi cah~ipfpfuioiss do` ~ra`ycpfufpv ae pmi Gd~doisi hdoyedcpyrfoj sicpar/ Foìi`, yopfl pmi466>s, Gd~do ~yrsyi` prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao zfpmfo pmi hylpfldpirdl erdhizark ae JDPP!ZPAdo` a~io rijfaodlfsh ae DÎC, zmfli yoìrpdkfoj àhispfc bimfo`(pmi(barìr lfbirdlfwdpfaoyoìr d sirfis ae bfldpirdl oijapfdpfaos zfpm pmi YS/ Dlpmayjm pmi Gd~do(YS bfldpirdlfshsahipfhis risylpi` fo hdodji` prdì do` iocayopiri` risfspdoci pa pmi YS d~~radcm foGd~do, auirdll, fp md` d ~asfpfui fh~dcp ao pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv fo a~iofoj àhispfchdrkips pmrayjm udrfays riearhs do` ìrijyldpfao hidsyris/

Pmi YS ~rissyri ao Gd~do caocirofoj prdì(rildpi` fssyis zidkioi` depir pmi

ispdblfsmhiop ae pmi ZPA fo 4669 ear udrfays ridsaos/ Efrsp, pmi YS, Gd~do do` apmir ZPAhihbir cayoprfis bijdo pa ysi pmi spriojpmioi` `fs~ypi sipplihiop hicmdofsh ae pmi ZPAear sipplfoj prdì `fs~ypis/ Sicao`, Gd~do yoìrpaak d oyhbir ae ~alfcv riearhs sycm dspmasi fo pmi efodocfdl svspih do` car~ardpi jauirodoci, pmi drids pmdp ziri pmi hdfo eacysae YS caociros auir pmi sprycpyri ae pmi Gd~doisi icaoahv/ Pmfr`, Gd~dos prdì syr~lyszds oa laojir pmi hasp fh~arpdop sayrci ae pmi YS prdì ìefcfp, zmfcm bijdo pa bdllaao fopmi sicao` mdle ae pmi 466>s/ Pmi prdì do` icaoahfc sprycpyri ae Gd~do md` cmdoji`,zmfcm lfhfpi` pmi bfldpirdl prdì fhbdldocis djdfosp pmi YS/ Eayrpm, pmi spdjodpfao ae pmiGd~doisi icaoahv sfoci pmi byrspfoj ae pmi dssip hdrkip bybbli hdv mdui hfpfjdpi` pmiYS ~irci~pfao ae Gd~dos pmridp, fo pmi edci ae rfsfoj cah~ipfpfao erah, do` i}~do`foj prdììefcfps zfpm, ihirjfoj Idsp Dsfdo icaoahfis, ~drpfcyldrlv ^RC/

Dp pmi pyro ae pmi ciopyrv, Gd~dos prdì ~alfcv smfepi` erah d `ydl(prdck d~~radcm ciopiriào pmi JDPP!ZPA do` DÎC do` ao YS bfldpirdlfsh pa d hylpf(prdck d~~radcm pmdp zayl`dlsa eacys ao bfldpirdl do` ~lyrfldpirdl I^Ds do` ao rijfaodl icaoahfc fopijrdpfao fo IdspDsfd/ Gd~do hdì pmfs smfep fo ris~aosi pa pmi cmdojfoj jlabdl do` rijfaodl prd`fojioufraohiop/ Efrsp, prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao yoìr pmi ZPA zds spdlli` `yi pa ihirjfoj`feeiriocis fo pmi ufizs dhaoj pmi ZPA hihbirs pazdr`s prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao, zmfcm fo pyrozds dpprfbypdbli pa pmi focridsfoj oyhbir ae ZPA hihbirs do` pa pmi focridsfoj foelyiociae ihirjfoj icaoahfis, sycm ds pmi ^RC, Fo`fd do` Brdwfl, zfpm d hari risirui` ufizpazdr`s prdì lfbirdlfwdpfao/ Sicao`, d rd~f` i}~dosfao ae EPDs jlabdllv do` pmi syccissisae Iyra~ido hdrkip fopijrdpfao do` ODEPD ~rah~pi` Gd~doisi ~alfcvhdkirs pa caosfìrI^Ds ds do fh~arpdop cahhircfdl ~alfcv paal do` pa cridpi d sirfis ae I^Ds zfpm icaoahfisfosfì do` aypsfì ae Dsfd/ Pmfr`, Gd~dos prdì do` E@F dcpfufpfis mdui smfepi` dzdv erah pmi

23Hfofsprv ae Djrfcylpyri, Earisprv, do` Efsmirfis mahi ~dji/ mpp~7!!zzz/hdee/ja/g~!mfpakypf!pa~/mph#hakygf4


24/26


25/26


24

RIEIRIOCIS

Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok -D@B&/ 2>>=/ Ihirjfoj Dsfdo Rijfaodlfsh7 D ^drpoirsmf~ earSmdri` ras~irfpv/ Hdofld7 Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok/

Dpmykardld, ^/ 2>>9/ ^ra`ycp Erdjhiopdpfao do` Prdì ^dppiros fo Idsp Dsfd/ DsfdoIcaoahfc ^d~irs0-3&7 42:/

Fpam, H/, do` O/ Smfhaf/ 2>>6/ Bdbyrykf @ieyrikf oa Ofmao oa Psysma Sifsdky [Gd~doisiCahhircfdl âlfcv `yrfoj pmi Bybbli do` @ieldpfaodrv îrfa`X/ Fo Kakysdf Kdokva oaMiokd pa Ofmao Kifwdf [Cmdojis fo Fopirodpfaodl Ioufraohiop do` pmi Gd~doisiIcaoahvX, i`fpi` bv H/ Fpam/ Pakva7 Kifa Yofuirsfpv ^riss/

Fzdkf, S/ 2>>:/ Ofmao(IY Kdokif oa Smfopio pa Kd`df7 Kifwdf Psysmaa Cmyysmfoof[@iuila~hiops do` Fssyis ao Gd~do(IY Rildpfaos7 Eacys ao Icaoahfc do`Fopirodpfaodl PrdìX/ Pakva7 Risidrcm @i~drphiop, Odpfaodl @fip Lfbrdrv/

Kdzdf, H/, do` S/ Pdkdjf/ 2>>6/ Zmv Zds Gd~do Mfp Sa Mdr` bv pmi Jlabdl Efodocfdl Crfsfs1D@BF Zarkfoj ^d~ir Oa/ 493/ Pakva7 Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok Fospfpypi/

Kdzdf, H/, do` S/ Yrdpd/ 4665/ Prdì Fhbdldocis do` Gd~doisi Earifjo @fricp Fouisphiop7Bfldpirdl do` Prfldpirdl Fssyis/ Fo Ky(Mvyo Gyoj do` Gdoj(Mii Vaa, i`s/, Dsfd(^dcfefc Icaoahfc Caa~irdpfao7 Cyrriop Fssyis do` Djio`d ear pmi Eypyri, Idsp do`Zisp Spy`fis Sirfis, 36 -Fospfpypi ae Idsp do` Zisp Spy`fis, Vaosif Yofuirsfpv,Acpabir&, ~~/ 54(=:/

/ 466=/ Dri Prdì do` @fricp Fouisphiop Sybspfpypis ar Cah~lihiops1 Do Ih~frfcdlDodlvsfs ae Gd~doisi Hdoyedcpyrfoj Fo`ysprfis/ Fo Icaoahfc @iuila~hiop do`Caa~irdpfao fo pmi ^dcfefc Bdsfo7 Prdì, Fouisphiop, do` Ioufraohiopdl Fssyis,i`fpi` bv M/ Lii do` @/ Z/ Raldo`(Malsp/ Cdhbrf`ji, YK7 Cdhbrf`ji Yofuirsfpv

^riss/Kdzdf, H/, do` J/ Zfjodrdgd/ 2>4>/ Dsfdo EPDs7 Prio`s, ^ras~icps do` Cmdlliojis/ D@B

Icaoahfcs Zarkfoj ^d~ir Sirfis, IZ^ 225/ Hdofld7 Dsfdo @iuila~hiop Bdok/[Earpmcahfoj fo Dsfdo Icaoahfc Gayrodl/X

Kfhyrd, E/, do` H/ Doà/ 2>>9/ Pza(`fhiosfaodl Erdjhiopdpfao fo Idsp Dsfd7 Caoci~pydlErdhizark do` Ih~frfcs/ Fopirodpfaodl Riufiz ae Icaoahfcs do` Efodoci40-3&734:30=/

Kfhyrd, P/ 2>>9/ Pmi IY Ioldrjihiop do` pmi IY(Gd~do Icaoahfc Rildpfaosmf~/ Fo Gd~dodo` Ioldrji` Iyra~i7 ^drpoirs fo Jlabdl Jauirodoci, i`fpi` bv P/ Yipd do` I/Rihdcli/ Bryssils7 ^/F/I/(îpir Ldoj S/D/

Kahfvd, R/, do` H/ Fpam/ 46==/ Gd~dos Fopirodpfaodl Prdì do` Prdì âlfcv, 4699(46=0/ FoPmi âlfpfcdl Icaoahv ae Gd~do, Ual/ 27 Pmi Fopirodpfaodl Caopi}p, i`fpi` bv P/Foajycmf do` @/ F/ Akfhapa/, Spdoear`, CD7 Spdoear` Yofuirsfpv ^riss/

Krifofo, H/ I/ 46==/ Maz Clasi` Fs Gd~dos Hdrkip1 D``fpfaodl Iufìoci/ Zarl` Icaoahv,44 -@icihbir&7 926902/

Kryjhdo, ^/ R/, i`/ 4664/ Prdì zfpm Gd~do7 Mds pmi @aar A~ioi` Zfìr1Cmfcdja, FL7Yofuirsfpv ae Cmfcdja ^riss ear pmi Odpfaodl Byridy ae Icaoahfc Risidrcm/

Ldzrioci, R/ W// 46=:/ Fh~arps fo Gd~do7 Clasi` Hdrkips ar Hfo`s1 Braakfojs ^d~irs aoIcaoahfc Dcpfufpv46=:-2&7 94:990/

/ 4664/ Ieefcfiop ar I}clysfaofsp1 Pmi Fh~arp Bimdufar ae Gd~doisi Car~ardpi Jray~s/

Braakfojs ^d~irs ao Icaoahfc Dcpfufpv4664-4&7 34433>/


26/26


îh~il, P/ G/ do` S/ Yrdpd/ 2>>5/ Gd~do7 D Oiz Haui pazdr` Bfldpirdl Prdì Djriihiops/Fo Bfldpirdl Prdì Djriihiops fo pmi Dsfd(^dcfefc7 Arfjfos, Iualypfao, do` Fh~lfcdpfaos,i`fpi` bv U/ K/ Djjdrzdl do` Smygfra Yrdpd/ Oiz Vark, OV7 Raypli`ji/

Sd}aomaysi, J/ R/ 4663/ Zmdp @ais Gd~doisi Prdì Sprycpyri Pill Ys dbayp Gd~doisiPrdì âlfcv1 Gayrodl ae Icaoahfc irs~icpfuis:-3&7 2403/

Salfs, H/, do` S/ Yrdpd/ 2>>:/ Gd~dos Oiz Earifjo Icaoahfc âlfcv7 D Smfep pazdr` dSprdpijfc do` Dcpfufsp Haìl1 Dsfdo Icaoahfc âlfcv Riufiz2-2&7 22:209/

Pvsao, L/ @/ 4663/ Zmas Bdsmfoj Zmah1 Prdì Caoelfcp fo Mfjm(Picmoalajv Fo`ysprfis/Zdsmfojpao, @C7 Fospfpypi ear Fopirodpfaodl Icaoahfcs/

Yrdpd, S/ 2>>6/ I}clysfao Eidrs do` Cah~ipfpfui Rijfaodlfsh fo Idsp Dsfd/ Fo Cah~ipfpfuiRijfaodlfsh7 EPD @feeysfao fo pmi ^dcfefc Rfh, i`fpi` bvH/ Salfs, B/ Spdllfojs, do` S/O/ Kdpd`d/ Laoào7 ^dljrdui Hdchflldo/

Zale, D/, R/ H/ Jd`bdz, P/ Mazill, do` P/ Rfcmdr`s/ 46=9/ Gd~doisi Hdrkip Bdrrfirs foHfcrailicpraofcs7 Hihardo`yh fo Sy~~arp ae d îpfpfao pa Sicpfao 3>4 ae pmi PrdìDcp ae 46:0, Zdsmfojpao, @C7 Sihfcao`ycpar Fo`ysprv Dssacfdpfao/

Documents

Changing Commercial Policy in Japan During 1985–2010