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Changing Landscape of Discovery: Content, Linking,
and User Experience Athena Hoeppner
eResources Librarian
University of Central Florida. Orlando, FL, USA.
CLSTL 2017 2-4 March 2017. ITT Gandinagar.
International Conference on Changing Landscape of Science and Technology Libraries
/
eResources Librarian I apply library technologies to help connect
users to content.
Technologies: • SFX, EBSCO Discovery Services, EZproxy, etc….
Users: • University of Central Florida students and employees faculty
(64,000 people)
Content: • Subscription databases, eBooks, eJournals, media & other online
content • Selected open access • Anything describable with metadata that researchers might seek
@cybrgrl
Oversimplified timeline
Online Databases
1990s
1998
OpenURL &
MetaSearch
2000
Google Scholar
2004
Resource Discovery Services (Summon, EDS)
2009 / 2010
EDS: UCF’s Discovery Index Contents
http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/Hay-Straw-Harvest-Agriculture-Haystack-1947829
• 129 Metadata Sources turned on in EDS admin
• MARC loads for catalog
• Digitized collections loaded
• Hundreds of A/I indexes
• Publisher provided indexing: • JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Springer, IoP,
Wiley… … …
690,626,504 Records!
Scientists Information Ecosystem • Colleagues
(e-mail, word of mouth, etc.)
• Social networks (Twitter, Medley, Blogs, etc.)
• Known journals/TOCs • Cited references • Google Scholar • Library tools
• RDS • Index/Abstract databases • Journal lists
Innate v. Active
Known Item v. Exploratory Albert Edelfelt [Public domain], <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAlbert_Edelfelt_-_Louis_Pasteur_-_1885.jpg">via Wikimedia Commons</a>
Recent Articles on Research Behaviours Nicholas, D., Boukacem‐Zeghmouri, C., Rodríguez‐Bravo, B., Xu, J., Watkinson, A., Abrizah, A., Herman, E. and Świgoń, M., 2017.
Where and how early career researchers find scholarly information. Learned Publishing. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Nicholas5/publication/312040929_Where_and_how_early_career_researchers_find_scholarly_information/
Johnson, P.C. and Simonsen, J.E., 2015. Do engineering master’s students know what they don’t know? Exploring abstracting & indexing service use and non-use. Library Review, 64(1/2), pp.36-57. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paula_Johnson12/publication/272388061_Do_engineering_master's_students_know_what_they_don't_know
Thelwall, M. and Kousha, K., 2015. ResearchGate: Disseminating, communicating, and measuring Scholarship?. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(5), pp.876-889. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kayvan_Kousha/publication/259583165_ResearchGate_Disseminating_communicating_and_measuring_scholarship/
Sapa, Remigiusz, Monika Krakowska, and Malgorzta Janiak. Information seeking behaviour of mathematicians: scientists and students. Information Research: An International Electronic Journal 19.4 (2014). http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1050474.pdf
Haglund, L. and Olsson, P., 2008. The impact on university libraries of changes in information behavior among academic researchers: a multiple case study. The journal of academic librarianship, 34(1), pp.52-59. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.453.6484
Resource Discovery Services Vendors
WorldCat Local
Summon Primo
Central Index
EBSCO Discovery
Service
Encore Duet
OCLC Serials
Solutions
ExLibris EBSCO Innovative
Google’s Robots Crawls: • University Repositories • Journal Publishers • Journal papers • Conference papers • Technical report • Dissertations • Pre- and post-prints • Abstracts.
To be included, your website must make either the full text of the
articles or their complete author-written abstracts freely available
and easy to see.
By Wendy Mann from Warrington, UK (DSC01423) [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
RDS Pre-harvested Metadata Publisher Provided Metadata
• University Repositories
• Journal Publishers
• Journal papers
• Conference papers
• Technical report
• Dissertations
• Pre- and post-prints
• Abstracts
Subscription Metadata • Abstract and indexing databases • Aggregator hosted full text • Magazines • Current ebooks • Images and media
https://www.flickr.com/photos/x-ray_delta_one/16897057936/in/photolist-sc6SCM-nndP3r-9jRctm-DaNnER-9iBv6j-rK8QD7-9GLfDm/
RDS Content Details
Provider / Product Sources Included
Back- files Searchable Metadata
American Chemical Society All journals No
Author Supplied Abstracts and Author Keywords for All Journals including all available Subject
Headings
American Mathematical Society
All journals Yes Full Text Searching for All Titles including all
available Subject Headings
Web of Science and Citation Indexes* Web of Science
/ Citation Indexes
Records added from
1989 to present
All Content Available through Web of Science, including:
• A&H • Science
• Soc Sciences…
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) All journals Yes
All available metadata for all journals covered by the directory
Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
All journals and all books &
reference works Yes
Full Text Searching for All Journals & Books including all available Subject Headings
RDS INDEX
Discovery Index Metadata Sources
Publisher Metadata
Subscription Resources
Free / Open Access
Library Metadata
arXiv
DOAJ
OIAster
MEDLINE
PsycInfo
WoS
Gale OneFile
MARC
IRs
Digitized INSPEC
ISI
CINAHL
BIOSIS
Springer Wiley
T&F OUP
ebrary
Elsevier
Content for Scientists
By Center for Scientific Review [2] [Public domain], <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AScientificReview.jpg">via Wikimedia Commons</a>
Do RDS and Google Scholar include content scientists cite?
Time for a Bibliometric Study! Methodology: • Web of Science, Science Citation
Index • Organization Search “India” • Arbitrarily picked 5 papers • Exported cited references and parsed
into Excel • Searched Google Scholar • Searched UCF’s EBSCO Discovery • Recording findings in Excel • Analyzed data
http://works.bepress.com/Athena-Hoeppner/1/
5 Papers by Indian Scientists Das, R., Kumar, A., et al. 2017. Biomechanical
characterization of spider webs. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 67, pp.101-109.
Venkatramani, J., Nair, V., et al. 2017. Multi-fractality in aeroelastic response as a precursor to flutter. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 386, pp.390-406.
Chakraborty, K., Sarkar, S., et al. 2017. Redefining the transparency order. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 82(1-2), pp.95-115.
Remigius, W.D. and Sarkar, S., 2017. Fluid Structure Interaction of a flexible plate in a compressible medium. In Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power–Contemporary Research pp. 1273-1282.
Singh, M., Kumar, I., et al. 2016. Third order optical nonlinear studies on highly conducting vertically aligned carbon nanoflakes. Materials Research Express, 3(12), p.125005.
187 Cited References
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 21
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 43
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 67
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 49
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ 7
96%
4%
Indian Author Cited References Found in GS (187 Citations)
84%
16%
Nursing Student Cited References Found in GS (520 citations)
Cited References Discoverable in Google Scholar
Found Not Found
Cited References Discoverable in UCF’s EDS
88%
12%
NURSING STUDENT PAPERS
(520 CITATIONS)
94%
6%
UCF FACULTY PAPERS (239 CITATIONS)
89%
11%
REFERENCES FOUND IN EDS (187 CITATIONS)
Found Not Found
167 180
4
Indian Authors (187 citations)
UCF EDS Google Scholar NotFound
459
439
Nursing Students' 520 citations)
Citations Available in RDS v Google Scholar
2017 2013
Not Found v Found
Neither discover 100% • Found in Google Scholar (no UCF):
• 8 conferences
• 3 articles from not subscribed journals
• 1 each book, dissertation, government publication
• Found in UCF’s EDS (no GS): • 3 books
• Not Found in Either: • 3 books
• 1 bad citation
Articles Win!
EDS
Google Scholar
…of cited articles
How can we help?
https://www.flickr.com/photos/saaste/13541955144
• Keep our eyes open • What content do users seek
• How do they *want* to look for it?
• Create standards for metadata and metadata exchange
• Advocate for standards
• Enhance and correct metadata (crowd source)
New kinds of content will keep coming.
Resource Discovery Service: Alive and Well
2,580,191
3,491,524
2,168,122
SEARCHES
RESULT CLICKS
RECORD VIEWS
UCF's EDS Platform Use 2016 (64,000 Students)
Search Refinement Tools for Users
• Effective and easy Basic Search
• Fielded Search
• Facets, Limitors, Refining
• End User Accounts and Personalization
• Widgets, Recommenders, and Additional services
http://www.instructables.com/id/Storing-garden-tools-with-style-aka-Zombiewall/
750,000 Hits Full Text Peer Reviewed Dates 1859 <-> 2014 Pub Type Article (590,000) Book (40,000) News (30,000) …more Subject Finance Genetics Brothers …more Library Main Library Super Science Lib
Sort: Relevancy How venture capital works.
Author: Christian Science Monitor (1908-Current f i le) ISSN: 0145-8027 Date: 03/11/1985 Description: 17
The Venture cloning method.
Author: -Thadius S. Venture ISBN: 01-0045-802 Date: 2008
Super Science Library Print Library QH 442 V7 2008
Due: 31 Oct. 2015
Full Text
Search: Venture GO
Ignored and Unused
Relevancy Ranking: Typical Factors for RDS
• Weighted fields (subject, abstract, etc.)
• Exact match of term with field
• Density of terms
• Publication date/currency
• Document type
• Document length
• Locally owned (MARC load)
EDS: Amount of metadata • OA sources less frequently included
in A/I databases
• Thin metadata
https://www.flickr.com/photos/23258385@N04/2235793476
Google Scholar Relevancy Ranking
Google uses PageRank + User info • Over 200 characteristics
Google Scholar uses number of citations, keywords in title, and…?
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PageRank-byFML.gif
? ? ? ? ?
? ?
? Google Scholar‘s Ranking Algorithm. https://blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2016/10/22/the-ranking-algorithm-of-google-scholar/
Future Relevancy: Private, Personalized
User attributes via Federated ID • Shibboleth and Open Athens
• Domain of study
• Current course enrollment
• Academic level
User Behavior • Prior research activity by
individual?
• Prior research activity by everyone? (Like Amazon recommendations)
By SummerWithMorons (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Future Relevancy: Precise
Item Use
• Altmetrics (PlumPrint)
• Record views, result click, times cited
Improved Known Item Searching • Citation search (EDS)
• ORCID
• DOIs
Das, R., Kumar, A., et al. 2017. Biomechanical
characterization of spider webs. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 67, pp.101-109.
Linking and Access Ability to link depends on:
• Online content • Subscriptions • OA repositories
• OpenURLs and Link resolver • Good metadata • CustomLinks
• DOI and oaDOI • https://www.doi.org/ • https://oadoi.org/
It’s not about the finding.
It’s about the having.
https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/4gay11/i_need_dis/
i need dis
More Bibliometrics! Full Text Found EDS v GS
159
142
Indian Authors Links to Semi-vetted Full Text
(187 citations)
GS EDS
Google Scholar Link Types: • Title of article: Links to
publisher/content owner site. • OA/Repository link • OpenURL (pre filtered to owned) if
user has tuned on Library Links
Discovery Service Link Types: • Hosted PDF or HTML • OpenURL (pre filtered to owned) • OpenURL (not filtered to owned) • CustomLinks • MARC 856 • Embedded in record
Why?
Things fall apart Missing from discovery systems
Bad metadata
Variant title, ISSN or other data searched/indexed
Expired access license
Incorrect holdings in resolver
Incorrect authentication used
Bad EZproxy configuration
Broken URLs
Linking Failures: Preposterous!
I am an Associate Professor in the Biology Department. Web of Science is failing to connect to the Wiley Online Library. I am essentially blocked from access to a massive amount of material necessary to conduct my research. Note: the problem is a serious one: a page not found error. I replicated this in 3 different web browsers, cleared cookies. All the usual possible problems. This error apparently would indicate that UCF is not subscribed to Wiley Online. That would be preposterous and I can’t imagine somebody would let that happen. I can’t write a grant proposal. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are at stake with things like this.
Authentication Conundrum
• IP
• EZproxy (and some WAM)
• Federated ID (SSO and WAYF) • Shibboleth
• OpenAthens
• Google OAuth 2.0
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dimmerswitch/5786102606
There must be an easier way…
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/i-can-haz-pdf-academics-tweet-secret-code-word-get-expensive-research-papers-free-1525241
Improved Linking in the Near Future
Better Metadata • Open Discovery Initiative: More and
better metadata • Metadata to indicate OA and type
• Library-specific KBART loads into link resolver knowledge bases
• APIs for publishers to populate IRs with manuscripts when embargos end
• Registered IDs • DOIs for everything • ORCID searching in place of author
name • ID crosswalks (ISSN to DOI, please!)
The Future is Now: oaDOI API { "results": [ { "doi": "10.1242/jeb.01597", "doi_resolver": "crossref", "evidence": "oa repository (via base-search.net oa url)", "free_fulltext_url": "http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/208/10/1937", "is_boai_license": false, "is_free_to_read": true, "is_subscription_journal": true, "license": null, "match_simple_norm_distance": 1.0, "match_title_score": 1.0, "match_type": "title subset", "match_uses_first_author": true, "oa_color": "green", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01597" } ] } https://api.oadoi.org/
10.1242/jeb.01597
Need More DOIs. Need More Open Access.
15%
4%
50%
31%
oaDOI API Indian Authors
(187 citations, 129 DOIs)
Green
Gold
Closed
No DOI
One Click to Authentication. Uses Link Resolver knowledge base. Login prompt only shows if access active.
Authentication: A Little Help From Our Friends
• Publishers could:
• Add links to oaDOI on the paywall
• Allow access to anyone with edu email address. • Look up subscription library
authentication method and connect to it
• Link to known hosted manuscript
• Use oaDOI
https://pixabay.com/en/key-gold-lock-unlock-metallic-387273/
Content, Relevancy, Linking: Everything is UX
User Behaviors • When do they seek information and
why?
• Which tool fits their need?
• What do they have to do to get access?
• How do they communicate about findings?
Predictability v Features
Simplicity v Specialization
Ubiquity v Licensed Access
By 14 Mostafa&zeyad (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Thanks for the analogy, Rick Anderson!